三亚市郊≥50岁人群低视力及盲流行病学调查

目的:调查海南省三亚市郊≥50岁人群中低视力及盲的发病率并分析其原因。方法:随机抽取28个抽样单位的≥50岁人群共2569例进行调查。对调查人员进行矫正视力、外眼、前房、晶状体、玻璃体及眼底检查。观察其低视力及盲的患病率,分析致盲的重要原因。结果:2569例中受检2206例,受检率85.87%,低视力和盲的患病率分别为3.85%和1.90%。致盲主要眼病依次为白内障、青光眼、角膜病、眼睑疾病及翼状胬肉。结论:白内障依然是低视力和盲的首要病因,但眼睑疾病及翼状胬肉致盲也不容忽视。     

杭州市下城区50岁及以上人群眼病流行病学调查

目的：调查杭州市下城区50岁及以上人群眼部疾病的患病情况及盲和中、重度视力损伤的患病率及病因。方法：横断面调查研究。于2015年4-8月期间采用整群随机抽样方法,从杭州市下城区8个街道共抽取50岁及以上人群2 953例,对其进行视力、屈光状态、眼压等检查,分析不同年龄、性别和受教育程度人群盲和中、重度视力损伤的患病率及病因。各数据间的比较采用 χ 2 检验和趋势χ 2 检验。结果：共2 363例接受并完成了检查,受检率为80%,人群中盲和中、重度视力损伤的患病率为1.6%（38例）,并随着年龄增长而上升（ χ 2 =38.094,P < 0.001）;文化程度越低,盲的患病率越高（ χ 2 =39.497,P < 0.001）。导致盲和中、重度视力损伤的主要原因有眼底异常（30眼,39.5%）、白内障（26眼,34.2%）、青光眼（12眼,15.8%）等。人群中眼病患病率由高到低依次为未矫正的屈光不正（2 048例,86.7%）、白内障（1 065例,44.7%）、翼状胬肉（219例,9.3%）、年龄相关性黄斑变性（81例,3.5%）、青光眼（52例,2.2%）、斜视（46例,2.0%）、糖尿病视网膜病变（39例,1.7%）。结论：杭州市下城区50岁及以上人群常见的眼部疾病是未矫正的屈光不正、白内障。盲和中、重度视力损伤的患病率较低,其中眼底异常、白内障是导致盲和中、重度视力损伤的主要原因。     

安徽省两地人群盲和低视力及眼病的流行病学抽样调查（一）

目的方法结果结论对安徽省两地人群盲和低视力及眼病的流行病学情况进行抽样调查。选择阜阳市颍州区和宣城市绩溪县,采用随机整体抽样方法,对所属居民进行眼部及其他情况的调查。两地的受检人数和受检率分别为3336人（91.40%）和3602人（92.10%）,达到抽样调查要求;两地双眼盲、单眼盲、双眼低视力和单眼低视力的患病率分别为1.05%和0.69%、1.71%和1.25%、1.02%和0.97%、0.87%和0.89%;两地盲和低视力的主要原因分别为：白内障、弱视、青光眼和白内障、眼球萎缩/缺如、青光眼;两地主要眼病都为：屈光不正、白内障、翼状胬肉和沙眼;两地的白内障手术率分别为600和278。据不完全资料估计我省盲和低视力的患病率远高于全国平均水平,盲和低视力的高发人群为50岁以上老年人,女性,孤寡,文盲,低收入者,白内障仍是最主要致盲原因,屈光不正/弱视已日益成为影响人民特别是青少年视力的最主要因素,广泛宣传正确用眼方式,推广青少年正确验光配镜方法,提高相关人员验光配镜水平对于有效降低弱视致残率至关重要。     

大理翼状胬肉患病调查

少数民族中的翼状胬肉患病率报告甚少、维吾尔族高于汉族。为提供白族翼状胬肉发生率,我们于1984年4月至1986年6月,对大理福兴乡电业局、电池厂、地质队,环保站等单位,进行白族翼状胬肉患病调查。结果报告如下。     

宁夏地区翼状胬肉患病率的流行病学调查

目的:调查宁夏地区翼状胬肉的患病率,探讨翼状胬肉与年龄、性别、城乡、地理位置、种族及不同经济发展水平等人群因素间的关系。方法:利用分层、多级随机抽样的方法,抽取宁夏银川市金凤区和红寺堡两地区3001例受检对象进行眼部检查,填写翼状胬肉患病率调查表。分析宁夏地区翼状胬肉患病率及易感因素。结果:宁夏地区人群中翼状胬肉患病率为6.16%。城市和农村的患病率分别为5.74%,6.49%,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.717,P=0.397)。男女两组患病率分别为6.30%,6.82%,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.269,P=0.604)。汉族和回族患病率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.641,P=0.440)。农村人群中26～45岁组,≥66岁组翼状胬肉患病率高于城市,差异有统计学意义。结论:宁夏地区翼状胬肉的患病率较高与该地区的地理位置、气候条件有关。汉族与回族、城乡之间患病率无明显差异。农村人群翼状胬肉的患病率有随年龄增长而增高的趋势。病程的长短与经济发展水平相关。     

重庆市南岸区部分人群盲患病率调查

目的调查重庆市南岸区部分50岁及以上人口低视力与盲患病率及盲原因,探讨防盲治盲工作的成效及盲和视力损伤的变化。方法2005年4至7月,采用整体随机抽样法,对重庆市南岸区29个基本抽样单位内50岁及以上人群进行视力及眼部检查。受检人数5079人,受检率89．4％。在正式调查前两个检查组均经过一致性重复检验。结果以世界卫生组织视力损伤标准为依据,受检人群的盲患病率为1．8％。年龄越大,盲患病率越高,80岁及以上高龄老人更明显。白内障盲仍为第1位,但白内障盲患病率由40．0％显著下降为31．6％;眼底病上升为第2位盲原因;以后依次为屈光不正、角膜病、青光眼等。结论重庆市南岸区部分人群盲原因以白内障为首位,眼底病其次。因白内障所致的盲患病率有所下降,以白内障手术为主的防盲工作开展初见成效,建议加大对年龄相关性眼病、眼底病及青光眼的防治工作。     

昆明市50岁及以上人群盲的流行病学调查

目的 了解昆明市50岁及以上人群盲和视力损伤的患病率和主要原因.方法 2006年4～8月在昆明市进行流行病学调查,采用多阶段抽样法抽取50岁及以上2760人,进行视力及眼部检查.根据小孔视力和WHO视力损伤标准(标准A)和日常生活视力标准(标准B)计算盲的患病率.结果 2588人接受检查(受检率为93.76%).盲患病率分别为3.17%(标准A)和3.67%(标准B).盲的主要原因分别为白内障(63.15%)、角膜病(14.74%)、青光眼(7.37%).结论 昆明市50岁及以上人群盲患病率相对较高,首位的致盲原因为白内障.     

云南省怒江州贡山县翼状胬肉的流行病学调查

目的:调查云南省贡山县人群翼状胬肉患病率,通过问卷调查,获取相关信息,了解当地翼状胬肉的人群分布特点及可能相关危险因素。方法:采用整群抽样方法在云南省贡山县抽取26个调查点共3070例调查对象,对其翼状胬肉患病情况进行分析。结果:该地区人群中发现翼状胬肉患者108例,患病率为4.4%;男女间患病无统计学差异,分别为1.6%和2.8%;随年龄增长患病率逐渐增加。结论:翼状胬肉是云南贡山地区常见的眼表疾病,年龄、职业、紫外线暴露情况是该地区翼状胬肉发生的主要危险因素。     

成都市767例干部体检眼科疾病构成分析

目的:了解四川省成都市干部的眼部患病情况。方法:对2012年在四川大学华西医院体检的成都市高干人群,总计767例进行眼科初步体检,包括常规视力、裂隙灯、眼压及直接眼底镜检查。结果:有565例(73.7%)体检者患有眼病。其中检出白内障379例(49.4%),屈光不正209例(27.2%),黄斑病变28例(3.7%),青光眼10例(1.3%),视网膜病变7例(0.9%),翼状胬肉5例(0.7%)。本次体检新发现患眼病的有白内障52例,青光眼1例,翼状胬肉5例。结论:四川省成都市干部眼病检出率73.7%,主要是白内障、屈光不正、黄斑病变。通过体检新发现眼病58例,常规体检有助于早发现疾病,及时转诊到专科就诊。     

海南省两县(市)翼状胬肉患病率的调查

目的 调查海南省翼状肉的患病率,探讨翼状胬肉与地域、气候等环境条件及性别、种族等人群因素间的关系。方法 采用随机、整群抽样方法,抽取海南省东方市和昌江县14个村的7990例受检对象进行检查,并根据翼状胬肉的形态及其头部所在位置进行分级检查记录。结果 在7990例受检者中,翼状胬肉患者628例,患病率为7.86%。汉族5303例中,翼状胬肉患者439例（8.28%）;黎族2687例中,翼状胬肉患者189例（7.03%）,两者比较差异有显著性（X^2=3.897,P=0.048）。男性患者266例（6.43%）,女性患者362例（9.40%）,男性患病率较女性低（X^2=19.852,P=0.001）。翼状胬肉在眼部多呈对称性分布。结论 海南省翼状胬肉患病率高与该地区的地理位置、气候条件有关。海南省汉族翼状胬肉的患病率高于黎族,女性高于男性。在各年龄组中,翼状胬肉患病率随年龄增长而增加     

Prevalence and associated factors of corneal blindness in Ningxia in northwest China

AIM:To describe the prevalence and demographic characteristics of corneal blindness in an urban and rural region of Ningxia, located in the northwest part of China.METHODS:A stratified, randomized sampling procedure was employed in the study, including urban and rural area of all age group. Visual acuity, anterior segment and ocular fundus were checked. Related factor of corneal disease, including age, gender, education status, ethnic group, location and occupation, were identified according to uniform customized protocol. An eye was defined to be corneal blindness if the visual acuity was <20/400 due to a corneal disease.RESULTS:Three thousand individuals (1290 from urban area and 1710 from rural area) participated in the investigation, with a response rate of 80.380%. The prevalence of corneal blindness was 0.023% in both eyes and 0.733% in at least one eye. The blindness in at least one eye with varied causes was present in 106 participants (3.533%) and in bilateral eyes in 34 participants (1.133%). The corneal diseases accounted for 20.754% of blindness in at least one eye and 20.588% of bilateral blindness. The prevalence of corneal disease was higher in older and Han ethnic group, especially those who occupied in agriculture and outdoor work. People with corneal blindness were more likely to be older and lower education. Rural population were more likely to suffer from bilateral corneal blindness than the urban population in ≥59-year group (χ²=6.716, P=0.019). Infectious, trauma and immune corneal disease were the three leading causes of corneal disease. Trauma corneal disease was more likely leading to blindness in one eye. However, infectious and immune corneal diseases make more contribution to the bilateral corneal blindness.CONCLUSION: Corneal blindness is a significant burden of in Ningxia population, encompassing a variety of corneal infections and trauma; the majority of those were avoidable. Health promotion strategies and good hygienic conditions have to be developed.     

Prevalence of blindness and low vision in Malaysian population: results from the National Eye Survey 1996

BACKGROUND: A national eye survey was conducted in 1996 to determine the prevalence of blindness and low vision and their major causes among the Malaysian population of all ages. METHODS: A stratified two stage cluster sampling design was used to randomly select primary and secondary sampling units. Interviews, visual acuity tests, and eye examinations on all individuals in the sampled households were performed. Estimates were weighted by factors adjusting for selection probability, non-response, and sampling coverage. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 69% (that is, living quarters response rate was 72.8% and household response rate was 95.1%). The age adjusted prevalence of bilateral blindness and low vision was 0.29% (95% CI 0.19 to 0.39%), and 2.44% (95% CI 2.18 to 2.69%) respectively. Females had a higher age adjusted prevalence of low vision compared to males. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of bilateral low vision and blindness among the four ethnic groups, and urban and rural residents. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness (39%) followed by retinal diseases (24%). Uncorrected refractive errors (48%) and cataract (36%) were the major causes of low vision. CONCLUSION: Malaysia has blindness and visual impairment rates that are comparable with other countries in the South East Asia region. However, cataract and uncorrected refractive errors, though readily treatable, are still the leading causes of blindness, suggesting the need for an evaluation on accessibility and availability of eye care services and barriers to eye care utilisation in the country.     

西双版纳傣族自治州青少年儿童斜弱视的流行病学调查

目的：调查云南省西双版纳傣族自治州傣族、哈尼族、拉祜族和当地汉族小学生斜视弱视的患病情况,分析其差异性和危险因素。

方法：选取云南省西双版纳傣族自治州少数民族最集中的勐腊县7 214名6～15岁在校小学生,检查包括裸眼视力和最佳矫正视力、屈光度、眼位、眼前节和眼底情况等,并进行Logistic回归分析影响因素。

结果：(1)所有研究对象中,斜视患病率为2.12%(外斜视占85.62%),弱视患病率为0.60%(屈光性占74.42%);(2)斜视患病率在性别、年龄和民族方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而外斜视患病率在民族方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。拉祜族比汉族发生外斜视风险高(OR=1.86,95% CI：1.12～3.09)。直系亲属斜视或外斜视者、近视、远视均是斜视的危险因素(P<0.05,OR>1),其中近视是外斜视的危险因素(OR=2.13,95% CI：1.32～3.44); 随近视度数增加,外斜视的OR值增大(P<0.05);(3)弱视的患病率在性别、年龄、民族方面无差异性(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,近视和远视均是弱视的危险因素(P<0.05,OR>1)。

结论：西双版纳傣族自治州少数民族青少年儿童直系亲属有斜视者发生斜视的危险性高,外斜视有一定民族差异性; 近视和远视均是斜视、弱视的主要危险因素,斜视、外斜视的患病风险随近视屈光度的增加而加大。当地的低弱视率和屈光不正患病率较低有关。     

Ethnic Variations in Pterygium in a Rural Population in Southwestern China: The Yunnan Minority Eye Studies

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and associations of pterygium in a multiethnic adult population in rural China and to examine potential ethnic differences

Methods: A total of 6418 adults (2133 ethnic Bai, 2130 ethnic Yi, and 2155 ethnic Han) aged 50 years or older participated in the study. Anterior segment examination was performed without pupil dilation using a slit lamp. Pterygium was de?ned as a raised ?eshy triangular ?brovascular tissue growth of the conjunctiva encroaching onto a clear cornea.

Results: Pterygium was least prevalent among adults of Yi ethnicity (29.5%) compared with Bai (39.0%, p < 0.001) or Han (39.5%, p < 0.001) ethnicities. Those of Bai ethnicity were most likely to be affected by severe pterygium (7.5%), while Yi were least likely to be affected (3.8%). Multivariate analysis revealed that increasing age (odds ratio, OR, 1.017), female sex (OR 1.53), lower educational level (OR 1.25), higher blood pressure levels (OR 1.002), and greater time spent outdoors per day (OR 1.09) were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of pterygium, while Yi ethnicity (OR 0.65, comparing Yi with Han) and wearing brimmed hats outdoors (OR 0.82) were protective factors.

Conclusion: Ethnicity was significantly associated with prevalence of pterygium. Our findings may be applicable to many other countries located within the “pterygium belt” for health resource allocation among different ethnic groups.     

盲与低视力流行病学分析与防治

目的 对上海地区盲与低视力人群作流行病学分析,探讨防治方法。方法 从1992年1月－1999年12月上海市杨浦区人群进行视力残疾鉴定,对1229例确诊者作盲与低视力流行病学分析。结果 高度进行性近视致残共892例,为主要致残盲眼病。结论 高度进行性近视产生的不可避免的并发症导致对视功能的危害,故有效防治与控制其发展尤为重要。     

社区中老年人群致盲与低视力眼病调查

目的 了解社区中老年人群盲与低视力的情况.方法 根据北京市西长安街社区居委会人口登记,采用逐户上门登记的方法确认被调查者的资格.对待检者2 833人应用问卷调查法询问被调查者的一般状况和生活习惯.对目标受检者进行裸眼视力、小孔视力、非接触眼压测量、裂隙灯检查、检眼镜检查、自动验光仪验光等.采用WHO推荐标准对受检人群盲及低视力结果进行评估,对目标受检人群致盲和低视力的原因进行分析.结果 登记50岁以上人口数2 833人,实际调查人数为2 410人,受检率为85.07%.该社区50岁及以上人群盲的患病率为0.79 %,低视力的患病率为5.64%.导致盲的首要病因是白内障,其次是青光眼和视网膜病变.导致低视力的首要病因是白内障,其次是屈光不正和糖尿病视网膜病变(DR).结论 北京市西城区西长安街社区≥50岁人群防盲及改善低视力工作的重点是白内障、青光眼、DR及屈光不正的早期诊断和治疗.     

Childhood blindness at a school for the blind in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

PURPOSE: To determine the major causes of eye diseases leading to visual loss and blindness among children attending a school for the blind in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A total of 217 school children with visual disabilities attending a school for the blind in Riyadh were included. All children were brought to The Eye Center, Riyadh, and had complete ophthalmologic examinations including visual acuity testing, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, tonometry and laboratory investigations. In addition, some patients were subjected to electroretinography (ERG), electrooculography (EOG), measurement of visual evoked potentials (VEP), and laboratory work-up for congenital disorders. RESULTS: There were 117 male students with an age range of 6-19 years and a mean age of 16 years. In addition, there were 100 females with an age range of 6-18 years and a mean age of 12 years. Of the 217 children, 194 (89%) were blind from genetically determined diseases or congenital disorders and 23 (11%) were blind from acquired diseases. The major causes of bilateral blindness in children were retinal degeneration, congenital glaucoma, and optic atrophy. The most common acquired causes of childhood blindness were infections and trauma. CONCLUSION: The etiological pattern of childhood blindness in Saudi Arabia has changed from microbial keratitis to genetically determined diseases of the retina and optic nerve. Currently, the most common causes of childhood blindness are genetically determined causes. Consanguineous marriages may account for the autosomal recessive disorders. Public education programs should include information for the prevention of trauma and genetic counseling. Eye examinations for preschool and school children are mandatory for the prevention and cure of blinding disorders.     

156例老年低视力病因分析

目的分析我院低视力门诊中老年低视力的主要致病原因,为老年低视力患者的视觉康复及预防奠定基础。方法采用WHO1996的低视力标准,随机序列选取低视力门诊156例(310眼)老年低视力患者,对其进行常规的眼科检查,记录最佳矫正视力和所患眼病,统计分析所患眼病的种类和分布情况。结果引起老年低视力的主要眼病有高度近视眼病71例(占45.51%),黄斑病变29例(占18.59%),糖尿病性视网膜病变和青光眼各17例(占10.90%),视网膜脱离16例(占10.26%)等。结论高度近视眼病、黄斑病变应成为老年低视力的防治重点,农村老年低视力患者是重点防治对象。     

Prevalence of blindness and low vision in an Italian population: a comparison with other European studies

AIM: The scientific literature contains recent data on the prevalence of blindness and low vision for a few European countries, but most of these studies have been focused exclusively on the elderly sector of the populations. The purpose of the present study was to provide age-specific estimates of the prevalence and causes of visual loss in an Italian population aged 40 years and over. METHODS: In total, 847 of the 1,200 citizens >40 years of age (70.6%) in the island community of Ponza underwent complete standardized ophthalmological examinations. Visual acuity (VA) was measured using a standard logarithmic chart. World health organization (WHO) definitions of blindness and low vision were adopted (respectively, VA>1.3 logMAR or a visual field <10 degrees around central fixation, and VA >0.5 to 1.3 logMAR or a visual field <20 degrees around central fixation). Prevalence rates based on presenting VAs were also calculated. RESULTS: The overall best-corrected prevalence rates were 0.6% (presenting, 0.8%) for better eye blindness, 2.1% (presenting, 6.7%) for better eye low vision, 1.8% (presenting, 2.6%) for monocular blindness, 5.0% (presenting, 11.2%) for monocular low vision. Cataract, glaucoma, degenerative myopia, and AMD were the main causes of better eye visual loss. CONCLUSION: Age-specific prevalence rates in Ponza are fairly consistent with those for other European countries with similar socio-economic conditions and public healthcare systems. A substantial percentage of visual losses remains uncorrected despite the availability of potentially curative therapy. Greater emphasis needs to be placed on educating the public regarding the importance of good vision.