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DNA甲基化作为表观遗传修饰的重要形式,通过调控基因表达,在疾病发生发展中发挥重要作用。近年来,随着DNA甲基化研究的迅速开展、检测技术的不断提升,DNA甲基化修饰已成为探究疾病发病机制及探寻新的治疗方案的重要方法; 眼科不同亚专业疾病在DNA甲基化的基础研究方面也取得了很多突破,包括角膜上皮的修复、结膜上皮的细胞黏附与异常的基质重塑、眼组织纤维化与青光眼、氧化应激和炎症反应与细胞损伤、不同DNA甲基化水平与眼部肿瘤的关系等。本文旨在通过对不同眼科疾病DNA甲基化调控机制的相关研究进行概述,为眼病发病机制的研究、筛查、诊断及预防提供新思路。 相似文献
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许多眼科疾病的发生发展与遗传、环境两大因素密切相关,其中表观遗传修饰是连接遗传与环境因素的重要纽带,能够通过影响基因转录或翻译影响相关基因的表达水平,在眼病的发病进程中发挥作用。DNA甲基化修饰(DNA methylation)是表观遗传修饰的重要组成部分,通常由从头甲基化、维持甲基化和去甲基化三个过程调节,在调控基因表达方面具有重要意义。目前,研究人员发现DNA甲基化修饰在角膜内皮的损伤修复、线粒体动力学调控与糖尿病视网膜病变、氧化应激反应与白内障等眼科疾病中发挥重要作用,为相关眼病的治疗提供了新的思路。本文就DNA甲基化修饰在相关眼病发展进程中的作用研究进展进行简要综述,为眼病的筛查、诊断与治疗提供新的视角与方向。 相似文献
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Graves眼病发病机制研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Graves眼病(Graves’ophthalmopathy,GO)是一种与Graves病相关的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,其具体发病机制不清。我们从遗传、环境、免疫、病理等方面对GO发病机制的研究进展进行综述。 相似文献
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线粒体是普遍存在于真核细胞胞质中的一种动态细胞器.其通过氧化磷酸化提供了细胞代谢活动必须的ATP,而且调控细胞凋亡并产生大量的活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS),线粒体DNA突变可导致ATP产量减少而影响细胞的生物能量.然而.绝大部分维持线粒体结构和功能的蛋白质由核基因编码,因此,核基因的突变也可导致细胞能量代谢缺陷。线粒体功能缺陷可引起多种临床疾病,以视觉器官、神经系统及肌肉系统受累为主。视神经对能量缺乏的敏感性较高,因此在线粒体功能异常时最先受累。 相似文献
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甲状腺相关眼病(thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)通常发生于Graves病,两者有着相似的病理生理学特点。促甲状腺激素受体(thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor,TSHR)在Graves病以及TAO的病程中都扮演了重要的角色。在TAO中,TSHR表达于眼眶成纤维细胞的表面。多种因素,如细胞与体液免疫、促甲状腺免疫球蛋白(thyrotropin stimulating immunoglobulin,TSI)、促甲状腺激素(thyroid-stimulating hormon,TSH)、血小板衍生因子(platelet derived growth factor,PDGF)以及其他甲状腺抗体等,对眼眶成纤维细胞表面的TSHR产生影响从而共同激活疾病进程。激活的辅助性T细胞(helper T cell,Th cell)重新识别TSHR肽并通过促甲状腺激素受体抗体(thyrotrophin receptor antibody,TRAb)结合TSHR,促进眼眶成纤维细胞分泌炎症因子和趋化因子,增加透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)的生成与脂肪形成,最终导致眼眶连接组织的重塑,如眼外肌增粗及眼眶脂肪的增生。此外,TAO患者的眼眶成纤维细胞表达高水平的胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(insulin-like growth factors-1 receptor,IGF-1R),刺激性的自身抗体直接作用于IGF-1R导致了TAO中眼眶成纤维细胞激活,并分泌炎症介质促进眼眶炎症。 相似文献
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王勇 《中华实验眼科杂志》2017,(8):747-751
表观遗传学是指基因碱基序列在未发生改变的情况下调控基因表达的一门学科,其研究领域主要涉及DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA,其中DNA甲基化沉默基因的表达是表观遗传学重要的调控机制.DNA甲基化状态受环境因素的影响,而晶状体发育异常及白内障形成由多种致病因素决定,其中包括环境因素.因此,研究DNA甲基化在晶状体发育及白内障形成过程中的作用机制尤为重要.本文就近年来DNA甲基化在晶状体发育、年龄相关性白内障、并发性白内障、后发性白内障发病机制中的作用进行综述,通过对DNA甲基化在上述眼部疾病及晶状体发育过程中作用机制的认识及研究,有望在白内障临床治疗中开辟新的途径. 相似文献
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甲状腺相关性眼病的发病机制尚不十分明确.研究表明,此病发病过程中眼眶成纤维细胞既是自身免疫靶细胞,又是效应细胞,是其发病的关键因素.眼眶成纤维细胞自身抗体表达、氧化应激反应在甲状腺相关性眼病中起重要作用,通过对此方面的研究,探索对甲状腺相关性眼病有潜力的新的治疗方法. 相似文献
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行鱿性及遗传性眼病所致视力残疾患者的视觉康复 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 分析低视力门诊常见的3种先天及遗传性眼病患者配用助视器后的视功能改善及视觉康复情况。方法 对6-68a的113例(222眼)视力残疾患者,包括视网膜色素变性56例,先天性小眼球小角膜31例,白化病26例,其中盲37眼,低视力178眼,全部采用国产助视器为2.5倍的单筒或双筒望远镜助视器,近用为 6- 32契镜助视器。结果 配用远用助视器后的脱盲率为78.4%脱残率为70.2%,远视力≥0.5共51眼,占23.0%,8只眼为1.0;配用近用助视器后130眼视力≥0.5,占75.1%。结论 远用视功能,使视觉康复,从而提高工作学习能力,提高生活质量。 相似文献
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甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)是最常见的眼眶疾病,公认是一种自身免疫性疾病,其发病机制至今尚未完全阐明。TAO可影响患者的外貌及视功能,严重者可导致失明。脂肪组织增殖导致眼眶组织体积增加是TAO的关键病理特征之一。眼眶脂肪组织的增多能够直接导致眶压增高,眼球突出。此外,脂肪组织可作为一种新的内分泌器官,分泌多种脂肪细胞因子、生长因子及蛋白分子等,其中部分因子可能参与了TAO的发病过程。本文旨在从脂肪分化关键蛋白的表达、自噬、眼眶压力、缺氧等方面,综述脂肪组织异常增殖分化在TAO发病过程中的作用。 相似文献
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Abhishek Nag MSc Christopher J Hammond FRCOphth 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》2014,42(1):84-93
Eye diseases represent a significant source of health impairment in humans. Twin studies offer an excellent model to dissect the genetic basis of human diseases. In this review, we discuss the potential advantages of using twin‐based studies in investigating the genetics of eye diseases – from heritability estimation to identifying underlying genetic and epigenetic changes. We also discuss some of the notable findings of twin studies exploring the genetics of eye diseases. Finally, we suggest other novel approaches that can be utilized to tap the potential of twin studies to provide a more complete understanding of genetic factors underlying ocular diseases. 相似文献
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Kalaivarny Ganesalingam Salim Ismail Trevor Sherwin Jennifer P Craig 《Clinical & experimental optometry》2019,102(5):446-454
Ocular surface inflammation is propagated by a complex series of molecular processes and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease (DED), either as a causal or a downstream effect of ocular surface disease. A state of hyperosmolarity elicits an acute immune response in DED, leading to subsequent activation of the adaptive immune response. This cascade incites dysregulation of the immune system, triggering a vicious cycle of events that causes damage to the ocular surface. Symptoms associated with these events include burning, irritation, redness, photophobia and blurred vision. The chronic nature of the disease process can cause permanent alterations to the ocular surface and adnexa. An increasing investment in treatment options, and positive outcomes with novel therapies that have received subsequent regulatory approval, lends further support to the role of inflammation in DED. This review highlights the nature and function of a range of fundamental inflammatory molecules in DED to provide the clinician with an appreciation for the ways in which these factors might be manipulated in DED management. 相似文献
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整合素是由细胞分泌,存在于细胞表面的一种跨膜蛋白.其主要功能是参与细胞与细胞、细胞与细胞外基质的黏附和信号转导.在晶状体的发育与晶状体疾病、青光眼、角膜病、近视、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变中,整合素参与细胞的识别、活化和信号转导,参与细胞的增生、分化以及细胞的伸展和迁移,从而改变了细胞与细胞外基质的微环境,引起一系列生理病理变化. 相似文献
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Xuhua Tan Yihe Chen William Foulsham Afsaneh Amouzegar Takenori Inomata Yizhi Liu Sunil K. Chauhan Reza Dana 《The ocular surface》2018,16(4):470-477
Purpose
In this study, we examine the expression of corneal epithelium-derived thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and its immunomodulatory functions in a validated murine model of dry eye disease (DED).Methods
DED was induced in female C57BL/6 using a controlled environment chamber (CEC) for 14 days. mRNA and protein expression of TSP-1 by corneal epithelial cells was quantified using real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Corneal epithelial cells from either naïve or DED mice were cultured with bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in the presence of IFNγ for 48?h, and BMDC expression of MHC-II and CD86 was determined using flow cytometry. Next, either recombinant TSP-1 or anti-TSP-1 antibody was added to the co-culture, and BMDC expression of above activation markers was evaluated. Finally, either DED mice were topically treated with either recombinant TSP-1 or human serum albumin (HSA), and maturation of corneal DCs, expression of inflammatory cytokines, and DED severity were investigated.Results
mRNA expression of TSP-1 by the corneal epithelium was upregulated in DED. Corneal epithelial cells derived from mice with DED demonstrated an enhanced capacity in suppressing BMDC expression of MHC-II and CD86 relative to wild type mice, and this effect was abrogated by TSP-1 blockade and potentiated by recombinant TSP-1. Finally, topical application of recombinant TSP-1 significantly suppressed corneal DC maturation and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ameliorated disease severity in mice with DED.Conclusions
Our study elucidates the function of epithelium-derived TSP-1 in inhibiting DC maturation and shows its translational potential to limit corneal epitheliopathy in DED. 相似文献16.
Xiu-Feng Huang Zhi-Qin Huang Xiao-Long Fang Zhen-Ji Chen Wan Cheng 《Ophthalmic genetics》2018,39(2):175-179
Background: Although great efforts have been paid on identification of genetic predisposition in the inherited retinal disease (IRD), genetic causes of a large proportion of patients remain a mystery. This dilemma makes us attempt to speculate that genetic components other than coding genes might be an additional pool predisposing IRD. In this study, we aim to perform a mutational screening in a large cohort of IRD patients with a particular focus on retina-specific or abundant microRNAs (miRs).Material and methods: A total of 324 unrelated patients with IRD were recruited. Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) was performed to survey genetic mutations in 32 known miRs highly expressed in the retina, followed by validation with Sanger sequencing, co-segregation analysis in each family, and computational assessments.Results: Novel genotype-phenotype associations have been uncovered. In total, six different variants in the miRs were identified, including four rare ones, miR-216a (n.56C>A), miR-216b (n.43_44insG), miR-7–2 (n.107C>T), and miR-7–3 (n.95G>A). The other two variants, miR-182 (n.106G>A) and miR-216a (n.105T>A), were considered as polymorphic.Conclusions: We for the first time screened candidate retinal miRs in patients with IRD. Although there is no convincing evidence that these variants are responsible for the IRD, the results enhance the current knowledge of the associations between IRD and miRNAs variants. 相似文献