首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
人工角膜的进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
人工角膜的研制在近年来有了较大的进步 ,传统的非组织工程化人工角膜在材料处理和设计方式上有所创新 ,同时有活性的工程化人工角膜的出现为人工角膜的研制开辟了一条新途径。  相似文献   

2.
人工角膜植入术的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对伴有严重干眼病及角膜新生血管的角膜混浊性失明,用常规角膜移植手术治疗通常是失败的,用透明材料制作的人工角膜是治疗这类疾病的唯一有效的途径,但由于晚期严重并发症发生率高,影响了该手术的疗效,如何通过对人工角膜的材料,设计手术技巧以及术后处理进行改进,提高手术的成功率,是目前在这一领域的研究热门课题,本文对人工角膜手术的研究历史,现状及临床应用进行综述。  相似文献   

3.
AlphaCor人工角膜移植治疗兔角膜碱烧伤   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
肖荣华  吕岚 《眼科研究》2010,28(6):486-490
目的评价AlphaCor人工角膜移植对兔角膜碱烧伤的治疗效果。方法用1mol/LNaOH烧伤兔左眼建立角膜碱烧伤模型,选择角膜白斑、角膜缘新生血管〉2个象限的5只兔眼行人工角膜移植术。AlphaCor人工角膜移植手术分2期进行:Ⅰ期手术,将AlphaCor人工角膜植入角膜板层间;Ⅱ期手术,暴露人工角膜光学区。术后观察人工角膜、受体角膜及眼前节情况。结果碱烧伤后2~6周形成带新生血管的角膜白斑。Ⅰ期术后5例人工角膜均在位,2例人工角膜出现白色沉积物,其中1例并发角膜浅层基质溶解,另3例无并发症发生。Ⅱ期手术中麻醉死亡1例,其余术后人工角膜均在位,1例术后6周发生角膜感染、穿孔,另3例术后4~6周发生人工角膜前膜增生,未见其他并发症发生。结论 AlphaCor人工角膜移植治疗兔角膜碱烧伤具有良好的生物相容性,效果较好。  相似文献   

4.
王荣光  王绍莉 《眼科》1996,5(2):99-101
对5例外伤性角膜白斑合并玻璃体混浊,其中3例伴有球内非磁性异物患者,及1次大泡性角膜病变合并陈旧性全视网膜斗状脱离患者在临时人工角膜下进行闭合式晶体玻璃体切除。球内异物取出,联合穿透性角膜移植,将复杂的前后节病变的治疗一次完成,结果:经过平均80天的随访,全部6例角膜移植片清亮,脱离的视网膜复位。5例外伤性角膜白斑患者术后均获得有用视力。临时人工角膜的应用为同时治疗角膜病变混浊合并球内异物和/或下  相似文献   

5.
活性人工角膜的研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
具有生物活性,与人体角膜特性相近的人工角膜移植是人们努力探求的目标.近年来随着组织工程的发展,活性人工角膜取得了迅速的发展.  相似文献   

6.
新型人工角膜的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 对于已不能行角膜移植或行角膜移植术预后不良及多次移植失败的角膜盲患者,人工角膜移植术已成为复明的最后希望。标准人工角膜是用异质成形材料取代浑浊角膜组织而制成的一种特殊屈光装置。人工角膜与角膜组织之间的长期密贴、透明及生物相容性是影响人工角膜植入术成败的关键因素,因此研制与应用符合这种要求的人工角膜材料以避免植片溶解、脱落、继发青光眼及人工角膜后膜等严重并发症的发生,是人工角膜移植术后长期复明的关键问题。  相似文献   

7.
Melanie  H.  Erb  Mehran  Taban  Charles  A.  Barsam  Paula  M.  Sweet  Roy  S.  Chuck  许珂 《美国医学会眼科杂志(中文版)》2005,17(3):F0003-F0003
目的:建立一种实验室模型来研究角膜内人工角膜植入术。方法:用一种联合角膜微切刀和人工前房的系统在13例成人角膜中开发一种带蒂角膜板层切除术。掀开角膜瓣后.对角膜后基质层行2.5或3mm的环钻。一个模型人工角膜定位于植床。角膜瓣用缝线闭合。增加前房内压,伤口漏水时的压力被记录。对前部角膜板层行3或3.5mm的环钻用于暴露人工角膜。漏水时的压力再次确定。  相似文献   

8.
人工角膜的临床应用暨南大学医学院眼科(510630)孙康①综述徐锦堂审校角膜疾患是眼科的常见病和多发病,也是当今世界的主要致盲原因之一〔1〕,在我国某些地区,角膜盲居各类盲目之首〔2—4〕。虽然角膜移植术是角膜盲复明的主要措施,然而,对于角膜遭受严重...  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨壳聚糖纳米生物一体化人工角膜的生物相容性及植入小型猪角膜的治疗效果.方法 10只小型猪(藏香猪)均以左眼作为实验眼,建立角膜碱烧伤模型.人工角膜植入手术分两期进行:Ⅰ期手术将人工角膜植入碱烧伤猪角膜板层囊袋内;3个月后行Ⅱ期手术(角膜前板层开窗术),钻切中央角膜前板层组织,暴露人工角膜光学区.术后观察6个月,行眼前段OCT检查、病理及免疫组化检测.结果 10只小型猪中1例在Ⅰ期术后2个月出现术眼感染性角膜溃疡,前板层溶解,最终导致人工角膜脱出.9例完成人工角膜Ⅱ期开窗手术,术后3例发生人工角膜前增生膜,4例出现后增生膜(其中2例前、后兼有),余4例角膜中央光学区维持透明,荧光素染色无渗漏.组织学检查发现人工角膜裙边材料孔隙中有纤维组织长入;眼前段OCT显示猪眼前段解剖构基本正常;免疫组化分析发现前、后增生膜样本中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)呈现高表达.结论 壳聚糖纳米生物一体化人工角膜的组织生物相容性良好,其裙边材料有利于角膜纤维组织及新生血管长入,该人工角膜的小型猪植入实验获有相对稳定的移植治疗效果.  相似文献   

10.
11.
目的 评估两种软性聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(PHEMA)一体式人工角膜(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型)植入碱烧伤角膜后的临床结果.方法 实验研究.将12枚两种人工角膜植入(各6枚)碱烧伤后的兔角膜,进行裂隙灯、眼底照相、B超及超声生物显微镜(UBM)检查.结果 所有植入物均稳定存留于角膜内,实验观察最长达72周.所有的人工角膜位置无移位,无结膜瓣裂开,无漏水,无感染,指测眼压正常,B超显示后节情况正常,UBM显示大部分动物出现虹膜粘连(10只眼),眼底照相无视网膜脱离.Ⅰ型有3只眼发生后增殖物;Ⅱ型无后增殖物发生.每一例人工角膜表面可见增生的结膜覆盖光学区域.结论 新型的PHEMA一体式人工角膜没有界面问题,手术一次植入,其中Ⅰ型无需摘除晶体和玻璃体切除,Ⅱ型光学区后突出部分可能会降低后增殖膜的发生,并且采用的软性水凝胶材料使眼压测量成为可能,其长期效果需要进一步观察.  相似文献   

12.
目的探讨自制的PMMA-硅胶夹持型人工角膜植入碱烧伤兔眼角膜的手术方法和疗效。方法建立兔眼碱烧伤模型:将PMMA-硅胶夹持型人工角膜植入碱烧伤后形成白斑的兔眼角膜,观察6个月。结果人工角膜手术操作顺利,术后1只实验兔眼出现了眼内炎,人工角膜脱出,另1只兔术后7周死亡,余3只兔眼在观察期内未见角膜组织溶解、房水渗漏、青光眼、感染或人工角膜前后膜增生等并发症,人工角膜稳定在位并保持透明。结论本实验自制的PMMA-硅胶夹持型人工角膜,手术操作简单,术中及术后并发症较小,似有实际临床应用价值。  相似文献   

13.

Purpose

To systematically review the published literature on outcomes of Boston keratoprosthesis type 1 for the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency secondary to severe chemical corneal injury.

Methods

Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register. The main outcome measures assessed were the proportion of eyes with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)?≥?20/200 and the proportion retaining their original keratoprosthesis, both at the last recorded visit.

Results

We identified 9 reports in which outcomes of Boston keratoprosthesis type I implantation after severe chemical injury could be determined, encompassing a total of 106 eyes of 100 patients. There were no randomized controlled studies. The median pre-operative BCVA was hand motion. Vision improved to ≥20/200 in 99/106 (93.4%) eyes after implantation. With a mean follow-up of 24.99?±?14 months, 68/106 (64.1%) eyes retained BCVA?≥?20/200?at the last examination. Therefore, 68/99 (68.7%) of those who improved to?>?20/200 maintained at least this acuity. The originally implanted device was retained in 88/99 (88.9%) recipients for whom retention was reported. The mean time to failure was 22.36?±?17.2 months. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy was the most common cause for BCVA <20/200 in eyes that retained the keratoprosthesis (18/27, 66.7%)..

Conclusions

Implantation of a Boston keratoprosthesis type I in eyes with corneal blindness after severe chemical ocular injury leads to functional vision in the majority of recipients. Evidence was limited by variability in outcome reporting and an absence of controlled studies..  相似文献   

14.
目的评价复杂性角膜混浊患者使用自体角膜做载体的BostonI型人工角膜植入的临床效果。方法回顾性病例研究。10例角膜盲患者(10眼),术眼病变严重,经至少2名以上国内著名角膜病专家会诊。无法通过角膜移植复明。其中严重碱烧伤7眼,爆炸伤1眼,角膜内皮失代偿多次角膜移植失败1眼.双眼病毒性角膜炎角膜严重血管化1眼。其中9例为双眼盲。术前视力光感或手动。所有病例均一期完成手术,术中使用8.0mm或8.5mm环钻钻取患者角膜,用患者混浊病变的角膜为载体。安装Boston人工角膜。形成患者角膜.人工角膜复合体,复合体作为植片如传统角膜移植实行角膜植床和植片缝合固定,术中常规行晶状体摘除术。结果术后观察1-12个月,平均(5.7±3.8)个月,除1眼视力光感外,其余裸眼视力为0.1~0.8。手术并发症包括角膜植床出血人玻璃体腔2例,继发性青光眼2例,人工角膜后膜4例。所有术眼均无术后漏水并发症发生。结论人工角膜特别适合于穿透性角膜移植难于成功的角膜盲患者,而且是目前对严重角膜瘢痕血管化、眼睑或泪液功能不良患者有效的复明手段。我国角膜供体严重匮乏,用自体角膜为载体可作为部分BostonI型人工角膜植入手术的可行方案。  相似文献   

15.
人工角膜植入术的临床研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
评价复杂性角膜混浊患者行人工角膜植入术的临床效果和并发症等。方法选择15例双眼盲目患者的单侧眼15只,术前视力均为光感,角膜混浊病变无法用常规角膜移植手术达到复明目的。其中严重碱烧伤6只眼,严重酸烧伤3只眼,铝水烧伤2只眼,爆炸伤1只眼,严重实质性眼干燥症1只眼,多次穿透性角膜移植失败角膜严重血管化2只眼。人工角膜(MICOF)由俄罗斯费德洛夫眼外科中心制造。手术分两期:一期手术将人工角膜支架植入角膜层问,选择病例行角膜表面或层问加固性手术。约3个月后行二期手术,植入带螺纹的人工角膜光学部。常规行晶状体、部分虹膜及前部玻璃体切除术,将外1/3上、下睑缘做永久性缝合。对完全睑球粘连者,用上、下睑皮肤覆盖角膜表面,仅暴露人工角膜光学部。结果二期术后观察4~26个月,平均9.5个月,除1只眼视力光感外,其余眼裸眼视力0.12~1.0。手术并发症包括分离角膜板层时穿入前房,晶状体皮质残留,柱镜前表面结膜上皮遮盖,柱镜前表面纤维增生组织遮盖,柱镜后壁沉着物,角膜溶解。结论人工角膜特别适合于穿透性角膜移植难于成功的双眼盲目者,而且是对目前严重角膜瘢痕血管化、严重眼睑或泪液功能不良患者有效的复明手段。该术式结合自体结膜遮盖、骨膜层问移植及睑裂部分缝合等,有利于人工角膜的长期存留。  相似文献   

16.
目的 评价多孔纳米羟基磷灰石-聚乙烯醇水凝胶(NHA-PAH)人工角膜在兔角膜内的生物学反应。方法 将NAH-PAHKPro加工成直径10.0mm,周边支架为2.5mm.中央光学部与裙袢连接部呈阶梯状,植入10只新西兰白兔角膜板层囊袋内。术后眼前段裂隙灯照相并分别于1月、2月、3月、4月、6月行术眼角膜组织病理学检查。结果 术后1个月大部分新生血管长入角膜中央,3月时新生血管生长达到高峰,术后6个月角膜中央存留大量变细的新生血管,未见人工角膜排出、基质融解、房水渗漏和感染。HE染色见术后1个月时成纤维细胞、新生血管及少量炎细胞长入裙袢孔隙内,伴有少量胶原形成。术后3个月所有孔隙均被胶原细胞和新生血管组织充填,成纤维细胞在孔隙内沿纵行方向一致性生长,胞头丰富,胞核小。中央光学部透明。结论 NHA-PAHKPro组织相容性好,具有临床应用的前景。  相似文献   

17.
PurposeTo evaluate long-term anatomical and functional outcomes of the MICOF keratoprosthesis to treat end-stage corneal blindness.DesignRetrospective review of consecutive clinical case series.ParticipantsBetween October 2000 and October 2015, at the Department of Ophthalmology of Chinese PLA General Hospital (PLAGH), a total of 132 eyes of 131 patients had undergone a MICOF keratoprosthesis implantation. Of those, 91 eyes of 90 patients were included in this study.MethodsPreoperative information, surgical procedures, and postoperative data were collected for each included eye.Main outcome measuresBest-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), keratoprosthesis retention, and significant postoperative complications were reported.ResultsThe most common indications for surgery were chemical or thermal burns (68.1%, 62 of 91 eyes) and explosive injury (12.1%, 11 of 91 eyes), followed by Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (10.0%, 9 of 91 eyes), Sjögren's syndrome (4.4%, 4 of 91 eyes), mucous membrane pemphigoid (3.3%, 3 of 91 eyes) and multi-penetrating keratoplasty failure (2.2%, 2 of 91 eyes). The mean follow-up duration was 8.38 ± 3.22 years (range: 5–17.25 years, median: 7.67 years).All patbients had a preoperative visual acuity of hand motions or worse. A MICOF keratoprosthesis significantly improved patients' visual function with bilateral end-stage corneal blindness. Postoperative visual acuity improved to 20/200 or better in 41 eyes (45.1%, of 91 eyes) and to 20/100 or better in 32 eyes (35.2% of 91 eyes) at the last follow-up visit. Preexisting glaucoma was present in 17 (18.7% of 91 eyes). The most common postoperative complications were overgrowth of the surface mucosa (31.9%, 29 of 91 eyes), glaucoma (25.3%, 23 of 91 eyes), retro-prosthetic membrane (15.4%, 14 of 91 eyes), keratoprosthesis device extrusion (15.4%, 14 of 91 eyes), superficial tissue thinning (14.3%, 13 of 91 eyes), endophthalmitis (13.2%, 12 of 91 eyes), titanium frame exposure (13.2%, 12 of 91 eyes), optical cylinder ante-displacement (13.2%, 12 of 91 eyes), cornea melting (7.7%, 7 of 91 eyes), retinal detachment (6.6%, 6 of 91 eyes) and aqueous humour leakage (2.2%, 2 of 91 eyes). 84.6% (77 of 91 eyes) of the eyes retained their initial keratoprosthesis at the latest follow-up.ConclusionsA MICOF keratoprosthesis is a reliable approach to rescue vision in end-stage corneal blinded patients and has better retention than a Boston Kpro TypeⅡ.  相似文献   

18.
目的 探讨去端肽猪皮I型胶原行板层角膜移植术后的角膜愈合情况,及其作为角膜移植替代物的可行性.方法 实验研究.选用中国白兔100只,其中80只兔根据角膜植片来源不同随机分为胶原材料实验组(A组)及同种异体对照组(B组),两组均行单眼前板层角膜移植术.各组根据不同处死时间,随机分为3 d、14 d、1个月、3个月和6个月亚组,每组8只.余20只兔(40只眼)作为B组角膜移植供体来源.术后行大体、裂隙灯观察角膜愈合情况并记录角膜透明度与角膜新生血管(CNV)评分情况,HE染色组织学观察以及上皮细胞标志蛋白K3的免疫组化检测.结果 采用Friedman秩和检验行组内比较,两两之间比较行Wilcoxon符号秩和检验.结果 两组术后角膜透明度逐渐升高(A组:x2=31.250,P=0.000;B组:x2=32.566,P=0.000),1、3及6个月两组角膜透明度评分(A组:2.50、1.94、1.94;B组:2.88、2.25、1.63)比较差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.414,0.000,-0.743;P=0.157,1.000,0.458).术后7 d两组均有CNV长入,A组CNV评分逐渐增高,14 d最高,术后1个月变化不明显,后逐渐减轻(x2=20.727,P=0.001);B组CNV评分逐渐增高,14 d达高峰,后逐渐减轻(x2=25.562,P=0.000);术后6个月两组CNV比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.070,P=0.038).组织学观察A组术后1个月胶原材料几乎完全降解,胶原排列趋于规则,术后6个月胶原排列基本规则,但两组局部均有不同程度胶原紊乱区.结论 去端肽猪皮I型胶原可促进角膜上皮细胞与基质细胞重建,但完全取代同种异体角膜植片还需进一步研究.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate corneal wound healing in rabbit after lamellar keratoplasty with porcine type I atelocollagen. Methods One hundred Chinese white rabbits, 80 rabbits were randomly divided into collagen materials group (group A) and allograft group (group B) , and group A and B were operated for the lamellar keratoplasty in one eye. Rest 20 rabbits'eyes (40 eyes) were used as the source of allograft for group B. After operation,the rabbits'eyes were observed by naked eyes and slit lamp, and recorded the score of the transparency and neovascularization of the cornea. The rabbits were sacrificed at 3rd, 14th day, the 1st, 3rd, and 6th month (each group eight eyes). The corneas were observed by histopathology, and the epithelial cells marker protein K3 were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results were analyzed by Rank sum test. Results The transparency of the cornea was increased gradually in A and B groups, and reached the peak on the 6th month(group A; x2 =31.250, P=0.000; group B: x2= 32.566, P = 0.000). The difference had not statistics significance in the comparison of the transparency from the 1st to 6th month(Z= -1.414, 0.000, -0.743;P=0. 157, 1.000, 0.458). The two groups had corneal neovascularization after 7 days, the intensity of corneal neovascularization in A group increased gradually, reached the peak on day 14, then decreased gradually (x2 = 20.727, P = 0.001); the intensity of corneal neovascularization in B group increased gradually, reached the peak on day 14, and then decreased gradually (x2 =25. 562, P =0. 000). The difference had statistics significance in the comparison of the neovascularzation of the cornea on the 6th month between A and B group(Z=-2.070,P=0.038).Histopathology showed the collagen material nearly disappeared after 1 month of surgery and arrangement of collagen tends to be regular.On the 6th month,arrayed collagen was regular in general,but disordered partly.Conclusions Porcine type I atelocollagen can promote corneal cells regeneration.But it needs more study to be a cornea substitute that can completely replace the corneal allogaft.  相似文献   

19.
熊洁  邓应平  王语诗  李玉宝  许凤兰 《眼科》2011,20(3):170-175
目的观察纳米HA/PVA多孔复合水凝胶人工角膜在兔角膜内的生物学反应,了解其组织相容性。设计动物实验研究对象三组人工角膜材料:材料1为大孔纳米HA/PVA多孔复合水凝胶人工角膜;材料2为小孔纳米HA/PVA多孔复合水凝胶人工角膜;材料3为单纯PVA水凝胶人工角膜。方法选用健康新西兰大白兔21只,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(每组7只,每只兔随机选一眼)分别板层植入材料1、2、3。于术后3、8、24周通过裂隙灯、组织切片HE染色观察人工角膜在兔角膜内的生物学反应。主要指标术眼炎性反应评分,角膜新生血管出现时间及其生长面积分级评分,术后人工角膜脱出率,组织切片HE染色观察。结果术后3周时Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组炎性反应评分分别为1.29±0.488、1.43±0.535和2.14±0.690(P=0.027);术后8周时Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组新生血管平均生长面积分级评分分别为2.67±0.516、2.33±0.816和1.57±0.535(P=0.018);三组术后角膜新生血管出现时间分别为(23.17±1.72)天、(24.50±1.05)天和(29.71±1.60)天(P=0.000);三组术后因角膜溶解引起的人工角膜脱出率分别为14.29%、28.57%和42.86%(χ2=1.449,P=0.485);组织切片观察8周后大量成纤维细胞长入材料1的人工角膜支架孔隙里。结论纳米HA/PVA多孔复合水凝胶人工角膜具有良好的组织相容性,在宿主兔的角膜内较稳定存在,是一种具有良好临床应用前景的新型人工角膜。  相似文献   

20.
By means of a new fixation technique keratoprostheses were fixed in the cornea of Hollander rabbits. The fixation is based on the use of corneo-sclerally orientated stainless steel-vanadium traction threads in corneal stroma and scleral tissue. Keratoprostheses placed according to this fixation technique have a follow-up of a maximum of two years.The liquid sealing capacity, the cell behaviour on the surface of the prosthesis and the anchoring of the stainless steel vanadium wire have been investigated in detail with the scanning electronmicroscope (SEM).  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号