额肌悬吊术和提上睑肌-额肌吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂

目的 比较额肌瓣悬吊术和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效.方法 分析分别采用用额肌瓣悬吊术、提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂98例133只眼,比较两组手术的疗效.结果 额肌瓣悬吊术组和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术组矫正上睑下垂的疗效差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).但前者术后有5例睑缘弧度不自然(6.9%),后者术后睑缘弧度均较自然.结论 额肌瓣悬吊术和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术都能有效治疗重度先天性上睑下垂,但后者较符合眼睑生理解剖,术后睑缘弧度更自然.     

额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌额肌吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征术式探讨

目的 比较额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征的疗效.方法 回顾性分析采用额肌瓣悬吊术、上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征20例20只眼.比较两组手术的疗效.结果 额肌瓣悬吊术组和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术组均能有效治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征.但前者术后有2例睑缘弧度不自然(25%),3例半年后仍眼睑闭合不全.后者术后睑缘弧度均较自然,半年后无眼睑闭合不全.结论 额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术均能有效治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征,但后者更符合眼睑生理解剖,术后睑缘弧度更自然.     

超常量提上睑肌缩短及额肌瓣悬吊治疗重度先天性上睑下垂效果比较

目的：比较提上睑肌缩短术与额肌瓣悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效与并发症。

方法：对40例58眼重度先天性上睑下垂患者进行手术治疗,其中,20例28眼行额肌腱膜瓣悬吊术,20例30眼行改良的提上睑肌缩短术,术后随访6mo,观察两种手术方式治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的治疗效果及术后并发症的发生情况。

结果：术后随访6mo,提上睑肌缩短术组及额肌瓣悬吊术组治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的正矫率分别为：83%、82%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术后并发症的发生,如倒睫、闭合不全、暴露性角膜炎、结膜脱垂等,提上睑肌缩短术组少于额肌瓣悬吊术组,且有更好的外观。提上睑肌缩短术后6mo复诊时,眼睑闭合不全15眼,暴露性角膜炎共1眼,结膜脱垂2眼; 额肌瓣悬吊术后6mo随诊,眼睑闭合不全23眼,暴露性角膜炎2眼,上睑倒睫3眼。

结论：提上睑肌缩短术及额肌瓣悬吊术均能有效矫正重度先天性上睑下垂,但前者并发症少,术后外观好。     

重度先天性上睑下垂不同术式的比较

目的 分析异体阔筋膜悬吊术,超常量提上睑肌缩短术和改良的额肌瓣腱膜悬吊术治疗矫正重度先天性上睑下垂的效果.方法 对189例(189只眼)重度先天性上睑下垂住院病例进行手术治疗,其中改良的额肌瓣腱膜悬吊术80例,异体阔筋膜悬吊术39例,超常量提上睑肌缩短术70例.结果 三种手术方法均获得很好的治疗效果异体阔筋膜悬吊术,双重睑形成好,但复发率高,取材困难;超常量提上睑肌缩短术,手术合乎生理要求,但术后易发生睑裂闭合不全及结膜脱垂;改良的额肌瓣腱膜悬吊术,取材方便,复发率低,但双重睑形成差.结论 异体阔筋膜悬吊术,超常量提上睑肌缩短术和改良的额肌瓣腱膜悬吊术均能有效治疗重度先天性上睑下垂,临床上可根据患者的条件及意愿综合评估,灵活选择相应术式.     

额肌腱膜悬吊术治疗重度上睑下垂8例

目的：探讨额肌腱膜悬吊术矫正重度上睑下垂的有效性。方法：8例(10眼)重度上睑下垂采用额肌腱膜悬吊术,利用额肌力量提起上睑。结果：术后上睑缘位于角膜上缘下1mm8眼,2mm2眼,无复发。结论：额肌腱膜悬吊术矫正重度上睑下垂效果确切。     

额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术矫正重度上睑下垂的临床观察

目的 探讨额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术矫正重度上睑下垂的临床疗效.方法 采用额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术矫治重度上睑下垂45例（60只眼）.结果 矫正良好者39例（占86.67%）,基本矫正者6例（占13.33%）,无矫正不足患者.术后早期眼睑闭合不全现象1个月后逐渐消失.随访3个月～2年,效果稳定.无明显并发症发生.结论 额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术矫正上睑下垂睑缘弧度美观、自然,效果持久、稳定,且取材方便、无额外切口,是一种矫正重度上睑下垂的理想方法.     

全麻下改良额肌瓣悬吊术治疗小儿重度先天性上睑下垂的临床观察

目的观察探讨全麻下改良额肌瓣悬吊术治疗小儿重度先天性上睑下垂的临床疗效及影响疗效的因素。方法依照术前所测得有关数据作手术标记线对31例36眼确诊为重度先天性上睑下垂的小儿实施全麻下改良额肌瓣悬吊术,记录并分析其临床资料,进行疗效评估。结果31例36眼中矫正满意者33眼（91.7%）,欠矫者2眼（5.6%）,过矫者1眼（2.8%）,回退者3眼（8.3%）。结论在手术标记线引导的全麻下改良额肌瓣悬吊术治疗小儿重度先天性上睑下垂疗效肯定,是目前治疗重度小儿先天性上睑下垂的主要方法之一。     

扇形额肌瓣悬吊术矫正重度上睑下垂临床分析

目的探讨重度上睑下垂的最佳手术方法。方法采用扇形额肌瓣悬吊术矫正重度上睑下垂126例（148眼）。术后随访3月～6年，观察其效果：结果我院采用扇形额肌瓣悬吊术矫正重度上睑下垂的148眼中，除3眼下垂复发外，均取得良好效果。结论扇形额肌瓣悬吊术矫正重度上睑下垂，保留额肌的神经支配和血液供应，代替上睑提肌的开睑作用，是目前符合生理功能的手术方法。     

提上睑肌离断额肌瓣悬吊术治疗中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征的临床研究

目的研究提上睑肌离断额肌瓣悬吊术治疗中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征的临床疗效。方法6例中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征患者采用提上睑肌离断额肌瓣悬吊手术治疗。结果随访6个月～5年,6例患者术后颌动瞬目症状消除,双侧睑裂对称,上睑缘无遮盖瞳孔,睑缘弧度自然美观,2例伴有轻度的上下睑闭合困难及上睑迟滞现象。结论提上睑肌离断额肌瓣悬吊术是治疗中重度Marcus-gunn综合征较理想的手术方法。     

中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征患者的临床特点及其手术治疗

目的分析中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征患者的临床特点,探讨和评价其手术治疗效果。方法对中山大学中山眼科中心1997年7月至2003年7月收治的33例中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征患者的病历资料进行临床特点分析。患者均行单侧提上睑肌节段切除联合同侧额肌肌瓣悬吊术治疗上睑下垂,评价其术后治疗效果。结果所有患者术前的上睑下垂及颌动瞬目量均大于2mm,无家族史,无明显性别差异（男：女=16：17）,左眼（22例）多于右眼（11例）。术后随访1—6年。随访期末进行的上睑下垂矫治效果评价中26／33例患者满意,3／33例较满意,1／33例不满意,另有3例失访。结论中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征患者伴有的上睑下垂需行手术矫正。单侧提上睑肌节段切除联合同侧额肌肌瓣悬吊术可以满意地矫正中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征患者的上睑下垂。     

Management of moderate-to-severe Marcus-Gunn jaw-winking ptosis.

OBJECTIVE: To report the results of levator excision and frontalis suspension for moderate-to-severe Marcus-Gunn jaw-winking ptosis. DESIGN: A retrospective noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-four patients with moderate-to-severe Marcus-Gunn jaw-winking ptosis (21 unilateral and 3 bilateral) were treated surgically between 1978 and 1997 by one surgeon. INTERVENTION: Levator excision either in the involved eyelid or in both eyelids, followed by bilateral frontalis suspension, was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative improvement of jaw-winking was determined. The surgical results of ptosis surgery were assessed as good, fair, or poor based on habitual upper eyelid heights and symmetry. RESULTS: Postoperative follow-up periods ranged from 6 months to 153 months, with an average of 36.9 months. After levator excision in a total of 27 eyelids exhibiting jaw-winking, 10 eyelids (37.0%) showed complete resolution of jaw-winking, and 13 eyelids (48.2%) showed mild winking (1 mm or less) on the lateral jaw movement only (functionally and cosmetically not a problem). In four eyelids (14.8%), these results were not recorded. In the group of five patients undergoing bilateral frontalis suspension and levator excision only on the involved side, final results were good in two patients (40%) and poor in three (60%). Of the 19 patients who underwent bilateral levator excision, final results were good in 13 (68.4%) and fair in 6 (31.6%). CONCLUSIONS: For moderate-to-severe jaw-winking ptosis, bilateral frontalis suspension after bilateral levator excision generally provided satisfactory correction of both jaw-winking and ptosis.     

Use of the levator muscle as a frontalis sling

PURPOSE: To investigate the use of the distal portion of levator aponeurosis as a flap for frontalis suspension in patients with severe congenital ptosis and poor levator function. METHODS: Eleven procedures were performed on 8 patients with severe congenital ptosis and poor levator muscle function. Three of the 8 patients had Marcus-Gunn jaw-winking phenomenon. Preoperative evaluation included measurements of the degree of ptosis, levator function, superior rectus action, Bell phenomenon, lagophthalmos, and (if present) synkinetic eyelid movement. Surgery involved fashioning a flap from the distal portion of the levator aponeurosis and anchoring it to the frontalis muscle. Postoperatively, patients were followed for at least 6 months to assess the level of the eyelid in the primary position at rest and when the brow is raised, the degree of eyelid margin excursion on brow elevation, persistence of synkinetic eye movement, presence of complications, lagophthalmos, corneal exposure, and symmetry. RESULTS: Synkinetic muscle movements were completely abolished. All cases had good primary eyelid position, no corneal complications, and effective frontalis action on eyelid elevation. CONCLUSIONS: The distal levator muscle flap is an effective frontalis suspension material to correct ptosis with poor levator function and to abolish synkinetic eyelid movement without compromising corneal protection.     

额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌额肌吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征术式探讨

目的 比较额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征的疗效.方法 回顾性分析采用额肌瓣悬吊术、上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征20例20只眼.比较两组手术的疗效.结果 额肌瓣悬吊术组和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术组均能有效治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征.但前者术后有2例睑缘弧度不自然(25%),3例半年后仍眼睑闭合不全.后者术后睑缘弧度均较自然,半年后无眼睑闭合不全.结论 额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术均能有效治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征,但后者更符合眼睑生理解剖,术后睑缘弧度更自然.     

Transconjunctival frontalis suspension: a clinical evaluation.

PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of transconjunctival frontalis suspension in patients with blepharoptosis and poor levator function (eyelid excursion less then 5 mm). METHODS: The medical records of 29 patients (50 ptotic eyelids) were reviewed. RESULTS: Four patients (eight eyelids) had blepharophimosis syndrome, ten patients (27 eyelids) had congenital ptosis, seven patients (14 eyelids) had myogenic ptosis, and one patient (one eyelid) had neurogenic ptosis. Surgical results were good and complications were minimal during follow-up intervals ranging from six months to seven years. CONCLUSIONS: Transconjunctival frontalis suspension is technically simpler than traditional external frontalis suspension and yields satisfactory functional and cosmetic results in patients with poor levator function.     

中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征患者的手术治疗

目的分析中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征患者的临床特点,评价其手术治疗效果。方法收集武汉大学人民医院2006年1月至2010年1月收住院治疗的12例中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征患者的病历资料,对其临床特点进行分析。患者均行患眼提上睑肌离断联合同侧额肌瓣悬吊术治疗颌动瞬目现象,术后随访6个月,依据静态时双眼睑弧度及对称情况、颌动瞬目现象根治情况评价其术后治疗效果。结果所有患者术前下颌运动时上睑至少开大到角膜上缘,男性多于女性(男8例,女4例),均为单眼发病,右眼7例,左眼5例。术前8眼伴随屈光不正,5眼伴有斜视。术后2眼出现角膜点样损害,药物治疗7d后恢复。随访期末进行颌动瞬目矫治效果评价中10眼效果良好,2眼效果满意。结论中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征患者伴有的颌动瞬目现象可通过手术治疗,患侧提上睑肌离断联合同侧额肌肌瓣悬吊术可以满意地矫正Marcus-Gunn综合征患者伴有的中重度颌动瞬目现象。     

复发性先天性上睑下垂的发病原因和疗效分析

目的:分析先天性上睑下垂复发的原因,指导再次手术方式的选择。方法:术前了解前次手术方式,分析失败原因,根据提上睑肌肌力结合病史确定再次手术方式。以提上睑肌肌力为依据,考虑前次手术的手术方式,对于提上睑肌肌力≤4mm者均采用额肌瓣悬吊术,对于提上睑肌肌力≥6mm者,均选择提上睑肌缩短术,对于提上睑肌肌力4～6mm之间者,若前次手术是利用额肌的手术,可行提上睑肌缩短术或额肌瓣悬吊术,我们采用了额肌瓣悬吊术。结果:患者26例30眼术眼睑缘弧度无畸形,双重睑自然,上睑缘位于上方角膜缘下1～2mm,或与健眼基本对称。结论:复发性先天性上睑下垂再次手术要根据提上睑肌肌力结合病史确定再次手术方式。     

Direct Frontalis Flap with and without Levator Pulley for Correction of Severe Ptosis with Poor Levator Function in the Same Patient

Purpose: To compare two techniques of frontalis muscle flap suspension in different eyelids of the same patient for correction of severe ptosis with minimal levator function.

Material and methods: A prospective study of four patients with severe bilateral ptosis and poor levator function, who underwent direct frontalis muscle flap on the right eyelid and frontalis muscle flap with levator pulley on the left eyelid was conducted. Eyelid studies measurements were taken at baseline, 2 months, one year and 5 years after surgery. The presence of complications, flap function and palpebral contour were evaluated.

Results: Despite the surgical technique performed, good results in terms of functionality, contour and aesthetics were observed. In the eyes that underwent frontalis muscle flap (FMF)-direct, there were 2 cases with moderate anteriorization of eyelid margin in extreme upgaze and all patients showed eyelash ptosis that persisted one year after surgery, but improved after 5 years. In the eyes that underwent FMF-pulley, no upgaze anteriorization of eyelid margin was observed and three patients had eyelash ptosis of lesser extent than the fellow eye, improving after 1 year follow-up. FMF-pulley showed more long-term stability in eyelid height, compared with FMF-direct.

Conclusions: Frontalis muscle flap with a pulley in the levator aponeurosis prevents some complications caused by the excessive vertical component of the direct frontalis muscle flap, especially in deep-set eye patients, with better stability of the eyelid height and contour over time.