神经生长因子在哮喘患者诱导痰炎性细胞的表达

目的　通过观察神经生长因子 (NGF)在哮喘气道炎性细胞的表达 ,探讨NGF与哮喘气道炎症形成的关系。方法　取 11例哮喘急性发作期、19例哮喘非急性发作期患者及 11例健康对照者的诱导痰 ,其中 12例哮喘非急性发作期患者予丙酸氟替卡松 (ICS)治疗 2周后再取诱导痰。做诱导痰炎性细胞分类计数 ;SP法测诱导痰炎性细胞NGF表达 ;ELISA测其上清中白细胞介素 (IL) 5浓度。结果　 (1)诱导痰巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、粒细胞NGF表达阳性率哮喘组较健康对照组高 (P值均<0 0 1) ,且急性发作期较非急性发作期高 (P <0 0 1)。急性发作期IL 5水平较非急性发作期和健康对照组高 (P值均 <0 0 1)。 (2 ) 12例非急性发作期患者经ICS治疗后 ,诱导痰巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、粒细胞NGF表达阳性率及IL 5水平均较治疗前下降 (P值均 <0 0 1)。 (3)巨噬细胞、粒细胞NGF表达阳性率与淋巴细胞相对计数构成比、IL 5水平均呈正相关。结论　哮喘患者气道内巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞和粒细胞NGF表达增加 ,提示NGF可能与哮喘气道炎症的形成有关。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病和支气管哮喘患者诱导痰中白细胞介素-17水平及其意义

目的　通过检测白细胞介素 (IL) 17在慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)和支气管哮喘 (以下简称哮喘 )患者诱导痰中的水平 ,了解其与气道炎性细胞的关系。方法　对 30例COPD急性加重期患者、31例COPD稳定期患者、32例哮喘急性发作期患者以及 14例健康自愿者进行痰诱导 ,计数诱导痰中细胞总数并分类 ,ELISA测诱导痰中IL 17、IL 8、IL 6水平。结果　与健康对照组比较 ,COPD急性加重期与哮喘急性发作期患者诱导痰中IL 17水平增高 (P <0 0 0 1)。COPD急性加重期患者诱导痰中IL 17水平与IL 8、嗜中性粒细胞数呈正相关 (r =0 381,P =0 0 38;r=0 4 4 6 ,P =0 0 10 ) ;哮喘患者诱导痰中IL 17水平与嗜酸性粒细胞呈正相关 (r =0 4 77,P =0 0 0 6 )。结论　IL 17可能参与COPD、哮喘的炎症过程。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病不同分期全身炎症与气道炎症的变化及相互关系

目的　探讨COPD患者急性发作期及缓解期全身炎症和气道炎症的变化及二者的相关性。方法　对 45例COPD急性发作期患者治疗前及治疗 1 0～ 1 4d后分别行肺功能检查 ,测定FEV1 0占预计值百分数 (FEV1 0pre)、用ELISA法检测外周血浆和诱导痰液中白介素 8(IL 8)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)的水平。结果　COPD急性发作时外周血浆及诱导痰液中IL 8和TNF α均明显高于缓解期水平 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1 ) ,痰液IL 8和TNF α与血浆IL 8和TNF α水平无明显相关 (分别为r =0 491 5 ,P >0 0 5 ;r=0 41 2 7,P >0 0 5) ,外周血及痰液TNF α与FEV1 0pre无明显相关 (分别为r=0 351 2 ,P >0 0 5 ;r =0 4739,P >0 0 5) ,外周血IL 8与FEV1 0 pre有关 (r=- 0 62 71 ,P <0 0 5) ,痰液IL 8与FEV1 0 pre呈显著负相关 (r=- 0 852 7,P <0 0 1 )。结论　痰液IL 8与COPD气道阻塞密切相关 ,气道炎症与全身炎症无关。     

支气管哮喘患者诱导痰白细胞介素13的检测及其临床意义

目的　检测支气管哮喘患者诱导痰中白细胞介素 13(IL 13)质量浓度并探讨其临床意义。方法　对 2 0 0 2 - 0 110期间山西医科大学第一医院门诊及住院 39例支气管哮喘患者用 3%高渗盐水超声雾化吸入进行痰液诱导 ,用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)检测IL 13的质量浓度。观察哮喘患者治疗前后不同时间诱导痰中炎性细胞及IL 13质量浓度的变化。结果　 (1)治疗前支气管哮喘组痰中嗜酸细胞占炎性细胞总数百分比为 (39 2 8± 7 85 ) % ,与慢性支气管炎组 (2 70± 1 4 3) %和对照组 (1 80± 0 86 ) %比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )治疗前支气管哮喘组痰IL 13质量浓度明显高于慢性支气管炎组和对照组 ,且痰IL 13质量浓度明显高于血清IL 13质量浓度 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。 (3)治疗 4周支气管哮喘组诱导痰中嗜酸细胞比例明显下降 ,而IL 13质量浓度在治疗 12周才下降 ,与治疗前比较差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　检测痰中IL 13质量浓度可反映气道的炎症状态 ,短期吸入表面激素可抑制痰液炎性细胞渗出 ,但不完全抑制细胞因子的分泌。     

诱导痰气道炎症指标与支气管哮喘病情关系的探讨

目的 探讨气道炎症指标对支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)患者病情监测及治疗的意义.方法 收集2004年1月至2006年1月在北京大学第三医院呼吸科门诊就诊的近半年来未使用口服或吸入激素治疗的哮喘患者87例.进行哮喘症状评分、肺功能检查、诱导痰上清液检测白介素-8(IL-8)浓度及嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)浓度,对所有患者病情分级状况和气道炎症指标进行分析,探讨病情严重程度与气道炎症之间的关系;分析急性发作与气道炎症之间的关系.结果 (1)重度哮喘患者中性粒细胞、IL-8水平较轻中度患者明显增高;(2)急性发作期患者嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)、ECP较缓解期明显增高;(3)中性粒细胞与第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)呈负相关(r=-0.522,P＜0.05);中性粒细胞与IL-8呈正相关(r=0.832,P＜0.05);(4)ECP、EOS与FEV1、症状评分均无相关性(r=-0.209,r=-0.189,P均＞0.05;r=-0.289,r=-0.229,P均＞0.05);ECP与EOS呈正相关(r=0.852,P＜0.01);(5)中性粒细胞对重度哮喘的阳性预测值为91%,EOS对哮喘急性发作的阳性预测值为92.5%,ECP对哮喘急性发作的阳性预测值98.5%.结论 (1)中性粒细胞、IL-8与病情严重程度有关,重度哮喘患者中性粒细胞、IL-8明显增高;(2)ECP、EOS与哮喘的急性发作有关,急性发作期哮喘患者ECP、EOS明显增高;(3)气道炎症指标可用于监测哮喘病情和调整哮喘治疗.     

动态监测哮喘患者诱导痰嗜酸性粒细胞的临床意义

目的　探讨利用诱导痰中嗜酸性粒细胞 (EOS)评价哮喘患者气道炎症变化的方法 ,为如何相对准确监测哮喘患者气道炎症的改变提供临床实验资料。方法　分别对 2 8例哮喘患者(哮喘组 ,其中轻度组 15例、中度组 13例 )、16例回访者 (哮喘回访组 )和 14例健康自愿者 (对照组 )进行痰的诱导 ,所有检查者通过超声雾化吸入浓度为 4%～ 5 %的高渗盐水 3 0min ,选取诱导出的痰栓 ,用 0 .1%的二硫苏糖醇处理 ,单盲法计数EOS。结果　哮喘组诱导痰EOS数占炎性细胞百分比高于对照组 ,哮喘轻度组与中度组EOS数占炎性细胞百分比比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,哮喘回访组缓解前后EOS比较差异有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　单纯一次EOS计数值不能说明患者病情的轻重 ,但对同一患者动态监测其发病过程中诱导痰EOS的变化可以在一定程度上反映其病情改变     

联合IL-4突变体及IL-5可溶性受体α对支气管哮喘小鼠气道炎症的影响

目的观察联合应用IL4突变体（IL-4MT）及IL-5可溶性受体d（sIL-5Rα）对支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）小鼠气道炎症水平的干预。方法50只雌性BALB／c小鼠随机分为正常对照组、哮喘组、IL-4MT治疗组、sIL-5Rα治疗组、联合IL-4MT及sIL-5Rd治疗组（简称联合治疗组）。哮喘组和治疗组分别给予卵蛋白（OVA）致敏和激发。其中,IL-4MT治疗组、sIL-5Rα治疗组、联合治疗组分别于激发前30min腹腔注射IL-4MT100μg、sIL-5Rα100μg及IL-4MT、sIL-5Rα各100μg进行干预,正常对照组和哮喘组给予生理盐水代替。末次激发后收集BALF计数白细胞和嗜酸粒细胞（EOS）比例;HE染色观察肺组织病理变化;ELISA法测定各组BALF中IL4、IL5、嗜酸粒细胞趋化因子（Eotaxin）水平变化;末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的d-UTP切口末端标记（TUNEL）法检测肺组织EOS凋亡情况。结果与正常对照组比较,哮喘组小鼠肺组织出现典型病理损害,EOS比例（t=-50．48,P〈0．001）、IL-4（t=-12．98,P〈0．001）、IL-5（t=-20．51,P〈0．001）、Eotaxin（t=-17．56,P〈0．001）水平均显著升高,EOS凋亡率（t=5．35,P〈0．001）显著下降;与哮喘组比较,各治疗组小鼠肺组织病理损害明显减轻,EOS比例（II,4MT治疗组t=27．4,P〈0．001;sIL-5Rα治疗组t=29．41,P〈0．001;联合治疗组t=37．25,P〈0．001）明显下降;Eotaxin（IL-4MT治疗组t=6．92,P〈0．001;sIL-5Rα治疗组t-4．96,P〈0．001;联合治疗组t=9．95,P〈0．001）水平明显下降;EOS凋亡率（IL-4MT治疗组t=-4．26,P〈0．001;sIL-5Rα治疗组t=-5．81,P〈O．001;联合治疗组t=-7．28,P〈0．001）明显增高;与单独治疗组相比,联合治疗组对炎症的缓解效果更为明显。结论联合IL-4MT及sIL-5Rα可明显降低哮喘小鼠IL-5、Eotaxin水平,减少肺部EOS的浸润和增加其凋亡,可以明显缓解哮喘气道炎症。     

急性发作期老年晚发哮喘患者气道炎症特征分析

目的检测急性发作期老年晚发哮喘(LOA)诱导痰细胞学、嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)和白介素-5(IL-5)、白介素-8(IL-8)水平,观察LOA气道炎症特征。方法检测86例急性发作期LOA患者诱导痰中细胞学分类计数、ECP和IL-5、IL-8水平;选择30例健康老年人作为对照。结果以诱导痰中EOS数量≥3%作为临界值,86例急性发作期LOA患者中,79例(81%)诱导痰中嗜酸细胞(EOS)数量增高,为痰EOS增高组;17例(19%)痰中性细胞数量增高,为痰非EOS增高组。痰非EOS增高组诱导痰中性细胞和IL-8水平显著高于痰EOS增高组和健康老年组(P0.01);而痰中EOS数量、ECP和IL-5水平显著低于痰EOS增高组(P0.01),但与健康老年组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性发作期LOA患者存在气道嗜酸细胞和中性细胞两种炎症类型,测定患者气道炎症类型有助于指导治疗。     

晚发型重度难治性哮喘气道炎症表型与激素疗效的临床研究

目的探讨成人晚发型重度难治性哮喘患者的气道炎症类型及对激素治疗的反应,以期阐明该型哮喘的发病机制和治疗策略。方法连续收集正常对照者(A组)、确诊的成人晚发型轻中度(B组)、重度哮喘患者(C组),分别采集哮喘患者治疗前以及激素治疗后的诱导痰液,进行炎性细胞分类计数,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测痰中IL-17、IL-8、IL-6、IL-5浓度及中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶水平,并记录患者治疗前后的肺功能、哮喘控制评分等基线情况。比较三组患者间的不同以及治疗前后的差别,并采用相关分析及多元直线回归方程筛选与气道炎症和哮喘控制评分相关的指标。结果在全部146例哮喘患者中,重度哮喘所占比例将近1/3。与轻中度哮喘相比,重度哮喘患者有着较低的特应质比例、FEV1值和哮喘控制评分,但年龄及体质指数均较高。诱导痰细胞检查显示,治疗前的重度哮喘诱导痰嗜酸细胞比例低于轻中度哮喘(4.59%vs.7.74%,P0.01),而中性粒细胞比例则明显增加(63.22%vs.22.8%,P0.01)。轻中度哮喘的气道炎症类型以嗜酸性粒细胞型为主,重度哮喘则以中性粒细胞型为最多(P0.01)。与正常对照和轻中度哮喘相比,重度哮喘患者诱导痰中的炎症介质IL-17、IL-8、IL-6及中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶浓度亦显著升高(P0.01)。相关分析显示,哮喘患者痰中性粒细胞比例与IL-17浓度正相关(r=0.545,P0.01)。而直线回归分析提示,哮喘控制评分与IL-17和体质指数呈负回归关系(P0.01)。激素治疗可明显降低轻中度哮喘诱导痰内嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞比例及炎症介质浓度,提高哮喘控制评分和FEV1(P0.01),而重度哮喘仅有诱导痰嗜酸细胞计数及IL-5浓度的降低,余炎性介质浓度、中性粒细胞比例及哮喘控制评分无改善(P0.05)。结论成人晚发型重度哮喘是不同于轻中度哮喘的一种特殊亚型,其气道炎症成分复杂,以中性粒细胞为主,激素治疗仅可改善以嗜酸性粒细胞为主的炎症成分,但对中性粒细胞性炎症则无作用。对该型哮喘应探索新的治疗途径。     

重组鼠IL-5可溶性受体α蛋白对哮喘小鼠肺组织嗜酸性粒细胞凋亡及Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨应用IL-5可溶性受体仅对哮喘小鼠气道炎症、嗜酸性粒细胞凋亡以及Bax蛋白表达的干预。方法36只雌性BALB／c小鼠随机分为正常对照组、哮喘组、sIL-5Rα治疗组。哮喘组和slL-5Rα治疗组分别给予卵蛋白（OVA）致敏和激发。其中,sIL-5Rα治疗组于激发前30min腹腔注射sIL-5Rα100μg进行干预,每日一次,连续7d;正常对照组和哮喘组给予生理盐水代替。末次激发后收集支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）计数白细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）比例;HE染色观察肺组织病理变化;ELISA法测定各组BALF中IL-5、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子（Eotaxin）水平变化;末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的d-UTP切口末端标记（TUNEL）法检测肺组织EOS凋亡情况;免疫组化法检测肺组织Bax蛋白的表达。结果与正常对照组比较,哮喘组EOS比例、IL-5、Eotaxin水平显著升高（P〈0．01）,EOS凋亡率及Bax蛋白表达量显著下降（P〈0．01）;与哮喘组比较,sIL-SR治疗组EOS比例、Eotaxin水平明显下降（P〈0．01）,EOS凋亡率及Bax蛋白表达量明显增高（P〈0．01）。结论IL-5可溶性受体α可明显降低哮喘小鼠IL-5、Eotaxin水平,上调肺组织Bax蛋白表达,减少肺部EOS的浸润和增加其凋亡,可以明显缓解哮喘气道炎症。     

Inhaled fluticasone propionate is effective as well as oral prednisone in reducing sputum eosinophilia during exacerbations of asthma which do not require hospitalization

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether fluticasone propionate (FP) is effective as well as prednisone (P) in reducing sputum eosinophilia and in improving airway obstruction due to asthma exacerbations not requiring hospitalization. We measured, in a parallel-group, double-blind double-dummy, randomized study, sputum and blood inflammatory cell counts and soluble mediators in 37 asthmatic subjects during a spontaneous exacerbation of asthma (Visit 1) and after a 2 week (Visit 2) treatment with inhaled FP (1000microg bid) (Group A, n=18) or a reducing course of oral P (Group B, n=19). Asthma exacerbation was accompanied by sputum eosinophilia (eosinophils >2%) in almost all patients (95%). FP improved FEV(1) (from 53.9%+/-16.8 at Visit 1 to 76.4%+/-21.2 at Visit 2, p=0.0001) and reduced the percentage of sputum eosinophils (from 38%[0-78] to 3%[1-31, p=0.0008) as well as oral P (FEV(1): from 51.5%+/-14.4 to 83.6%+/-21.1, p=0.0001; sputum eosinophils: from 52%[1-96] to 11%[0-64], p=0.0003). At Visit 2, sputum eosinophils were significantly lower in Group A than in Group B. P but not FP induced significant decrease in blood and sputum ECP. Oxygen saturation, PEF variability, symptom score and use of rescue medication similarly improved in both groups. We conclude that FP is effective at least as well as P in reducing sputum eosinophilia and in improving airway obstruction due to asthma exacerbation. However, the cost/effectiveness ratio of this option should be further evaluated.     

单用丙酸氟替卡松和并用沙美特罗对哮喘气道炎症的作用比较

目的比较单用吸入激素(ICS)和并用长效β2激动剂(LABA)对哮喘患者气道炎症的作用;观察哮喘控制水平是否与患者气道炎症控制水平一致。方法研究设计为随机、双盲的对照研究,共入组27例哮喘患者,其中单用丙酸氟替卡松(FP)治疗(FP组)14例,并用沙美特罗治疗(联合治疗组)13例,并在治疗前、治疗12周和治疗24周通过瑞氏染色和ELISA法分别对诱导痰炎性细胞计数、IL-4和IL-5进行检测。结果 (1)同基线相比,第一阶段治疗后,两组患者诱导痰中炎性细胞计数、IL-4和IL-5表达无明显变化(P0.05);第二阶段治疗后,两组患者诱导痰中嗜酸性细胞数(EOS)、IL-4和IL-5表达显著降低(P0.05),两组间比较无显著差别(P0.05);(2)第二阶段治疗结束后,获得良好控制和完全控制患者诱导痰中IL-5、IL-4水平较基线均得到显著降低(P0.05),而未获得哮喘控制患者上述细胞因子水平较基线无显著变化(P0.05)。结论联合应用ICS和LABA能提高哮喘的控制水平,这种控制水平的提高得益于LABA的支气管扩张作用而不是增强的抗炎活性。     

Effect of inhaled steroids on increased collagen synthesis in asthma

BACKGROUND: We previously reported that sputum levels of procollagen type I C-terminal peptide (PICP), a marker of ongoing collagen type I deposition, are increased in proportion to airway inflammation in asthma patients. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we examined the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on increased collagen synthesis in step 2-4 asthmatics. Methods: We compared the sputum PICP concentrations of 25 steroid-naive asthmatics, 25 normal volunteers, and 10 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Asthma subjects were also instructed to start fluticasone propionate treatment, and the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s, sputum eosinophil counts, sputum PICP concentrations, and sputum transforming growth factor-beta-positive cell counts before treatment were compared with those 1 month after treatment. RESULTS: Sputum PICP concentrations were detected in the following order: asthma group >or= chronic obstructive pulmonary disease group > control group. Asthma patients showing high sputum PICP belonged to step 4, although there was no correlation between sputum PICP and asthma severity. Treatment with fluticasone propionate not only significantly improved the mean percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (from 66.7 to 87.2%), but also decreased the mean sputum eosinophil counts (from 13.4 to 5.8%), the mean sputum PICP concentrations (from 30.8 to 10.2 ng/ml), and the mean sputum tumor growth factor-beta-positive cells (from 11.3 to 2.8%). Nevertheless, a significant difference in sputum PICP concentrations was still observed between the control group and the steroid-treated asthma group. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that inhaled corticosteroid treatment might reduce sputum indexes of collagen metabolism and eosinophilic inflammation in asthma patients.     

Lung function and sputum characteristics of patients with severe asthma during an induced exacerbation by double-blind steroid withdrawal.

Some patients with severe asthma are difficult to control and suffer from frequent exacerbations, whereas others remain stable with anti-inflammatory therapy. To investigate mechanisms of exacerbations, we compared 13 patients 20 to 51 yr of age (11 female, two male) with difficult-to-control asthma (two or more exacerbations during the previous year) and 15 patients 20 to 47 yr of age (13 female, two male) with severe but stable asthma (no exacerbations) after matching for sex, age, atopy, lung function, airway responsiveness, and medication. Exacerbations were induced by double-blind, controlled tapering of inhaled corticosteroids (fluticasone propionate) at weekly intervals. FEV1, airway responsiveness for methacholine (PC20MCh) and hypertonic saline (HYP slope), eosinophils and soluble markers (ECP, albumin, IL-6, IL-8) in induced sputum were assessed at baseline and during exacerbation (peak flow < 60% of personal best), or after 5 wk if no exacerbation occurred. Steroid tapering caused a decrease (mean +/- SEM) in FEV1 (12.1 +/- 3.1% pred; p = 0.045), PC20MCh (2.1 +/- 0.4 doubling dose; p = 0.004) and HYP slope (1.7 +/- 0.3 doubling dose; p = 0.001), and an increase in sputum eosinophils (10 +/- 3%; p = 0.008) and soluble markers for the two groups combined, without significant differences between the groups. Patients with difficult-to-control asthma had more exacerbations than did the stable asthmatics during both steroid tapering (7 versus 2; p = 0.022) and corticosteroid treatment (6 versus 0; p = 0.003). Exacerbations during steroid treatment in the patients with difficult-to-control asthma were associated with a decrease in FEV1 and PC20MCh, but not in HYP slope or increase in sputum eosinophils. We conclude that tapering of inhaled corticosteroids induces a rapid, reversible flare-up of eosinophilic airway inflammation. Patients with difficult-to-control asthma may develop exacerbations despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, which appear to have an eosinophil-independent mechanism. This implies that assessment of the nature of exacerbations may contribute to improved treatment for these patients.     

Interleukin-10 level in sputum is reduced in bronchial asthma, COPD and in smokers.

Interleukin (IL)-10 is a potent regulatory cytokine that decreases inflammatory responses. This study investigated whether IL-10 levels in the airway are decreased in chronic airway inflammation associated with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sputum was obtained from 12 healthy nonsmokers, 10 healthy smokers, 16 asthmatic patients and seven patients with COPD by means of the sputum-induction method. The IL-10 level was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunocytochemical analysis. The IL-10 level in sputum was significantly lower in asthma and COPD patients and healthy smokers compared with that in healthy nonsmokers (nonsmokers, 68.0+/-11.3; smokers, 45.3+/-7.8; asthma, 26.7+/-4.0; COPD, 18.0+/-2.3 pg x mL(-1); p<0.05 for nonsmokers versus the other groups). The percentage of IL-10-positive cells in the sputum was also significantly lower in asthma and COPD and in smokers (nonsmokers, 13.2+/-1.7; smokers, 6.4+/-1.8; asthma, 5.4+/-3.5; COPD, 3.5+/-1.6%; p<0.05 for nonsmokers versus the other groups). The IL-10-positive cell appeared morphologically to be the macrophage. These data suggest that the reduced level of interleukin-10 within the airways plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic airway inflammation in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.     

中性粒细胞与白细胞介素8在哮喘发病中的作用

目的探讨中性粒细胞与白细胞介素8（IL-8）在支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)发病中的作用。方法对轻度哮喘患者行气道激发试验,对哮喘患者中性粒细胞超氧阴离子（O(*)/(2)）产生、血浆及诱导痰IL-8、丙二醛(MDA)水平进行测定分析。结果中、重度哮喘患者每106个周围血中性粒细胞O(*)/(2)产生水平为［（20.9±5.1）nmol/L］,与轻度哮喘患者［(15.2±4.2)nmol/L］比较,差异有显著性（P<0.01）,轻度哮喘组与正常人［(11.3±2.4)nmol/L］比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05);周围血中性粒细胞O(*)/(2)产生与气道反应性指标一秒钟用力呼气容积下降20%时所需的累积量(PD20FEV1)呈显著负相关(r=-0.693,P<0.05);急性发作期哮喘患者血浆及诱导痰IL-8水平［(585±75)ng/L、(791±103)ng/L］、MDA水平［(6.3±1.6)mmol/L、(21.8±6.3)mmol/L］,与缓解期哮喘患者血浆及诱导痰IL-8水平［(227±54)ng/L］、［(322±95)ng/L］、MDA水平［(5.4±1.0)mmol/L］、［(15.1±5.6)mmol/L］比较,差异有显著性（P<0.01）;缓解期哮喘患者与正常人血浆及诱导痰IL-8水平［(188±46)ng/L］、［(224±51)ng/L］及MDA水平［(4.1±0.4)mmol/L］、［(9.5±4.2)mmol/L］比较,差异有显著性（P<0.05）,诱导痰MDA水平与PD20FEV1呈显著负相关(r=-0.708,P<0.01);诱导痰IL-8水平与诱导痰中性粒细胞百分数呈显著正相关（r=0.838,P<0.01）。结论中性粒细胞产生的氧自由基可能参与哮喘气道炎症及气道高反应的形成。     

哮喘患者痰液中炎症介质和细胞因子与气道重塑的关系研究

目的　以支气管粘膜网状基底膜厚度作为气道重塑的指标 ,探讨哮喘患者气道重塑与痰液中细胞因子和炎症介质的关系。方法　对 2 0例哮喘患者和 10名正常对照者经纤维支气管镜行(纤支镜 )支气管粘膜活检 ,测量支气管粘膜网状基底膜厚度 ,用荧光酶联免疫方法测定痰液中的嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白 (ECP) ,酶联免疫法测定白细胞介素 5 (IL 5 )、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)的水平 ;采用SPSS8 0统计软件作等级相关分析 ,探讨哮喘患者痰液中ECP、IL 5、TNF α水平与支气管粘膜厚度的关系。结果　缓解期哮喘患者支气管粘膜网状基底膜厚度为 (10 1± 2 6 ) μm ,与正常对照组 [(4 4± 1 2 )μm]比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 0 5 ) ;哮喘组痰液中ECP水平为 (14 4± 80 ) μg/L、IL 5为 (17± 4 ) μg/L、TNF α为 (14 6± 79) μg/L ,与正常对照组 [(81± 4 4 ) μg/L、(14± 4 ) μg/L、(5 3± 36 ) μg/L]比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 0 5 ) ;两组痰液中ECP、IL 5与支气管粘膜厚度呈明显正相关 (r =0 5 6 9、0 4 6 6 ,P均 <0 0 0 5 ) ;两组痰液中TNF α水平与粘膜厚度无明显相关 (r=0 2 5 4 ,P >0 0 5 )。结论　缓解期哮喘患者支气管粘膜网状基底膜厚度均存在不同程度增厚 ;而痰液ECP和IL 5水平与支气管粘膜厚度呈     

Effects of inhaled fluticasone propionate on CTLA-4-positive CD4+CD25+ cells in induced sputum in mild asthmatics

Background and objective: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) signalling of regulatory T cells regulates mucosal lymphocyte tolerance and differentiation, and may therefore have a beneficial effect in allergic diseases such as asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluticasone propionate (FP) on CD4+CD25+ T cell co-expression of CTLA-4 in the sputum of mild asthmatic subjects. Methods: Eleven mild, stable asthmatic subjects completed a double-blind, randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled study to compare the effects of 14 days 200 µg twice daily FP and placebo. Before and after treatment, airway hyperresponsiveness was measured, and sputum was induced for measurements of CTLA-4+CD4+CD25+ cells, eosinophils and levels of IL-10, IL-13 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β Results: FP treatment increased co-expression of CTLA-4 on sputum CD4+CD25+ cells from a mean (SEM) of 7.9% (1.8) to 12.7% (3.3) after 14 days treatment (P < 0.05) compared with placebo. FP treatment also significantly increased IL-10 levels, reduced per cent sputum eosinophils, and reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the change in airway hyperresponsiveness and per cent sputum eosinophils (P < 0.01), but no correlation with changes in CTLA-4+CD4+CD25+ cells (P > 0.05). There was no change in the levels of sputum IL-13 or TGF-β Conclusions: The percentage of airway CTLA-4+CD4+CD25+ cells increased after FP treatment, coincident with improvements in airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Whether improved asthma assessments are related to the increase in CTLA-4+CD4+CD25+ cells and thus improved regulation of T-cell tolerance and differentiation will require a larger sample size to determine. The normalization of CTLA-4+CD4+CD25+ cells in asthma may contribute to the management of this disease.