Hypolipidaemic effect of fenugreek seeds. A clinical study

The hypolipidaemic effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) was evaluated in ten hyperlipidaemic subjects. Isocaloric diets with and without fenugreek were each given for 20 days. Ingestion of experimental diets, containing 100 g of debitterized fenugreek powder, resulted in a significant reduction in the serum total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. HDL cholesterol levels were not altered but the ratio with total cholesterol and LDL and VLDL cholesterol were significantly increased. These results indicate the beneficial effect of fenugreek seeds in hyperlipidaemic patients.     

Hypolipidaemic Activity in Rats of Bergenin,the Major Constituent of Flueggea microcarpa

Oral administration of bergenin, isolated from the leaves of Flueggea microcarpa, to hyperlipidaemic rats for 14 days significantly decreased serum total lipid without much change in serum cholesterol and triglycerides. However, after 21 days of administration, the serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)—and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)—cholesterol levels were significantly reduced while the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level was elevated. Bergenin-treated animals also showed a significant decrease in atherogenic index.     

Chrysin and Luteolin Attenuate Diabetes‐Induced Impairment in Endothelial‐Dependent Relaxation: Effect on Lipid Profile,AGEs and NO Generation

Chrysin and luteolin are two important plant flavonoids. In the present study, we hypothesized that they protect against deleterious vascular effects of diabetes. Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) injection, while chrysin and luteolin were administered two weeks after STZ administration for 6 weeks. Then, blood pressure (BP) and serum levels of glucose, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein–cholesterol (LDL‐C) were determined. Concentration response curves for KCl, phenylephrine (PE), acetylcholine (ACh) and ACh‐induced NO generation were obtained in isolated aorta. Compared with control, diabetes increased diastolic and systolic BP, while chrysin and luteolin attenuated diastolic BP elevation without affecting the developed hyperglycemia. Diabetes increased contractile response of aorta to KCl, PE, decreased relaxation response to ACh, while chrysin and luteolin prevented the impaired response to ACh. In addition, diabetes was accompanied by elevated levels of TGs, total and LDL cholesterol, while both chrysin and luteolin prevented this dyslipidemia. Furthermore, chrysin decreased the elevated AGEs level in serum of diabetic animals, while luteolin abrogated the impaired NO generation in diabetic aorta. Collectively, chrysin and luteolin attenuate diabetes‐evoked impairment in endothelial‐dependent relaxation possibly via ameliorating detrimental changes in lipid profile, AGEs and NO generation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hypolipidaemic Effect of Fenugreek Seeds: a Chronic Study in Non-insulin Dependent Diabetic Patients

The lipid lowering activity of fenugreek seeds ( Trigonella foenum graecum L.) was studied in 60 non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects. Isocaloric diets without and with fenugreek were given for 7 days and 24 weeks respectively. Ingestion of an experimental diet containing 25 g fenugreek seed powder resulted in a significant reduction of total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. These results indicate the beneficial effect of fenugreek seeds in diabetic subjects.     

Inhibitory effects of water extracts from fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps sinensis on raised serum lipid peroxide levels and aortic cholesterol deposition in atherosclerotic mice

We investigated the effects of the water extracts of the fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps sinensis (WECS) on lipid metabolism in mice fed an atherogenic diet. WECS was orally administered at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks. WECS showed no toxic effects on the growth rate, liver or kidney weights of the mice. Mice fed the atherogenic diet showed marked increases in serum lipid and lipid peroxide levels and also aortic cholesterol levels, particularly cholesteryl ester level, a major lipid constituent in atherosclerotic lesions. WECS significantly suppressed the increased serum lipid peroxide level but not other lipid levels in a dose-dependent manner. WECS also suppressed the increased aortic cholesteryl ester level in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that WECS prevents cholesterol deposition in the aorta by inhibition of LDL oxidation mediated by free radicals rather than by reduction in serum lipid level. WECS may exert beneficial effects on the formation of the atherosclerotic lesion induced by oxidative stress with few side effects.     

黄花蒿种子生产优化措施探讨

目的:研究黄花蒿栽培因子对黄花蒿种子产量的影响,为黄花蒿的规范化种植提供依据.方法:采用4因素2次回归旋转组合设计,探讨栽植密度、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥对黄花蒿种子产量的影响.结果:试验各因素对黄花蒿种子产量的影响作用依次为密度>氮肥>磷肥>钾肥.在本试验条件下,密度13 000～15 000株/hm~2;同时施用尿素186～242 kg·hm~(-2),过磷酸钙874～1 023 kg·hm~(-2),氯化钾135～165 kg·hm~(-2),黄花蒿种子可获得570～600 kg·hm~(-2).结论:合理的种植密度和肥料用量可以提高黄花蒿种子产量.     

Hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effect of Enicostemma littorale Blume aqueous extract in cholesterol fed rats

Enicostemma littorale aqueous extract (1.5 g/100 g body weight/day, p.o.) was administered to rats along with hypercholesterolaemic diet for 6 weeks and the hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effect was evaluated. Feeding cholesterol increased serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and decreased HDL levels as compared to normal diet fed rats. Enicostemma littorale treatment increased HDL levels and decreased serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, LDL/HDL ratio. In addition, treatment with the extract showed a decrease in activities of erythrocyte catalase, superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidation levels, with an increase in reduced glutathione levels as compared to cholesterol fed untreated rats. Liver and kidney cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels were also decreased in Enicostemma littorale treated rats. Hepatic HMG CoA reductase activity was significantly reduced in the extract treated hypercholesterolemic rats. Lovastatin was used as a reference drug. The hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effect of Enicostemma littorale aqueous extract in cholesterol fed rats is being reported for the first time.     

益气化痰活血方对动脉粥样硬化小鼠主动脉p-NF-κB(p65)、p-IκB表达的影响

目的 探讨益气化痰活血方调脂通脉颗粒对载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,ApoE)基因敲除小鼠血脂、主动脉弓粥样硬化斑块、主动脉弓磷酸化核因子 κB(phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B,p-NF-κB)及腹主动脉p-NF-κB、磷酸化κB抑制蛋白(phosphoryl...     

Effect of fenugreek consumption on serum lipid profile: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Various studies have shown that Trigonella foenum‐graecum (fenugreek) supplementation has lipid‐lowering activity. This meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of fenugreek supplementation on human serum lipid profile. Data sources were PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Coherence library which were searched systematically from January 2000 up to December 2019. Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trial (RCT) study design, at least one of lipid profile components (triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels measured before fenugreek use and one of the lipid components level reported as result. The pooled weighted mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and pooled using a random‐effect model. Only articles published in English were considered. Fifteen RCTs involving 281 cases consumed fenugreek and 255 control cases in controlled group (11 articles) and 136 cases in uncontrolled group (4 articles) were analyzed in our study. Pooled data of indicated a significant impact of fenugreek supplementation on lowering TC (?1.13 [?1.88, ?0.37]; p = .003), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) (?1.26 [?2.09, ?0.43]; p = .003), and TG (?1.07 [?1.82, ?0.33]; p = 0.005) and increasing the high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) level (0.70 [0.07, 1.34]; p = .03) compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in TC, TG, and LDL between pre‐ and post‐fenugreek studies in the noncontrolled studies however, the result of combination of four studies without control group showed a significant increase in mean HDL (0.81 [0.33,1.29]; p‐value = .001). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the fenugreek reduced the TG and LDL and increases HDL levels in diabetic subjects more effectively. Fenugreek supplementation significantly improved lipid profile (LDL, TG, TC, and HDL). It could be considered as an effective lipid‐lowering medicinal plant. Further high‐quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plant.     

Effect of mangiferin on hyperglycemia and atherogenicity in streptozotocin diabetic rats

In the present study, the effect of mangiferin (a xanthone glucoside, isolated from the leaves of Mangifera indica) on the atherogenic potential of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes was investigated. In addition, the effect of mangiferin on oral glucose tolerance in glucose-loaded normal rats was also determined. The chronic intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of mangiferin (10 and 20 mg/kg) once daily (o.d.) for 28 days exhibited antidiabetic activity by significantly lowering fasting plasma glucose level at different time intervals in STZ-diabetic rats. Further, mangiferin (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) showed significant antihyperlipidemic and antiatherogenic activities as evidenced by significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels coupled together with elevation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level and diminution of atherogenic index in diabetic rats. In addition, the chronic administration of mangiferin (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days significantly as well as markedly improved oral glucose tolerance in glucose-loaded normal rats suggesting its potent antihyperglycemic activity. The accumulating evidences suggest that both pancreatic and extrapancreatic mechanisms might be involved in its antidiabetic or antihyperglycemic action. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that mangiferin possesses significant antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antiatherogenic properties thus suggesting its beneficial effect in the treatment of diabetes mellitus associated with hyperlipidemia and related cardiovascular complications.     

Effects of fenugreek seeds and its extracts on plasma lipid profile: a study on rabbits

In this study the effect of varying levels of fenugreek were examined on the plasma lipids of animals pretreated with either a control diet or a high-fat diet for 9 weeks. Although the plasma cholesterol was significantly reduced in both groups, triglyceride levels were only reduced in animals pretreated with the high-fat diet. HDL-cholesterol levels were not significantly altered in and case. In addition, the effect of fenugreek seed powder and some of its extracts were investigated for the determination of the active fraction. Fenugreek seed powder and its extracts at 30% of the animals' diet were observed to greatly affect the plasma lipids when added to animals pretreated with a high-fat. Fenugreek and its extracts reduced the levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol with no effect on the HDL-cholesterol. This selective reduction in LDL-cholesterol results in the improvement of the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to LDL-cholesterol which is beneficial in the prevention of atherosclerosis. In addition, the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol was reduced. This hypolipidaemic effect of fenugreek was associated with the defatted fraction of the seed powder, and among the extracts analysed, the crude saponin extract was the most effective fraction with respect to the fenugreek seeds. The improvement of the plasma lipid profile by fenugreek treatment further supports the use of fenugreek seeds as a hypolipidaemic agent in the improvement of lipid disorders. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

额尔敦-乌日勒在家兔动脉粥样硬化斑块消退中的作用及其对炎症因子的影响

目的:观察额尔敦-乌日勒对动脉粥样硬化消退的影响,并检测相关炎症因子,探讨其作用机制.方法:用高胆固醇喂养方法复制家兔动脉粥样硬化模型,并予额尔敦-乌日勒干预治疗12w.于实验结束时检测血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇( HLD-C)和血清中炎性标志物高敏C...     

Hypolipidemic effect of Glycine tomentella root extract in hamsters

The influence of the aqueous crude extract of Glycine tomentella root (Leguminosae) on lipid metabolism was investigated in hyperlipidemic hamsters. It was found that the administration of the G. tomentella extract (GTE) leads to a decrease of high serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels induced by high-fat diet. The GTE also increased serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and decreased serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The reduction of serum triglyceride levels was accompanied by a significant decrease in the hepatic triglyceride content, while the cholesterol content was not changed. The results indicate that GTE is definitely an anti-hyperlipidemic agent, at least, in animals.     

消淤片对粥样硬化兔血清LDL电泳迁移速度及含TC和TG含量的影响

 目的探讨消淤片减少动脉粥样斑块中脂质沉积的作用机制。方法采用高脂饮食加腹主动脉内膜剥脱术制成兔腹主动脉粥样硬化模型,通过一次性密度梯度离心分离血清LDL,测定口服消淤片0.16～0.32g·kg·d-116周后血清LDL电泳迁移速率及含’rc和TG含量的改变。结果 服用消淤片后,兔血清LDL电泳迁移速率减慢,其所含的TC和TG含量减少。结论消淤片不仅有抗LDL氧化作用,而且也能降低LDL中的TC和TC含量,这可能是减少动脉粥样硬化斑块中泡沫细胞及胆固醇积聚的重要机制之一。     

“心俞”-“厥阴俞”穴位贴敷对实验性动脉粥样硬化及高血脂症疗效的观察

目的 :观察“心俞” “厥阴俞”贴敷强心卡帖对实验性动脉粥样硬化家兔血管结构、高血脂和高胆固醇血症的影响。方法 :大耳白家兔共 48只 ,随机分为正常对照组 (n =6) ,模型组 (n =13 ) ,2 .5月实验组 (n =19)和 3 .5月实验组 (n =10 )。动脉粥样硬化模型用高脂、高胆固醇饲料喂养 2～ 3个月造成。测量股动脉平均血压 (MAP) ,显微镜下测量主动脉、腹主动脉及心肌血管中外膜及内膜的厚度 ;观察心脏大、中小冠脉血管分支堵塞情况 ;生化用酶法测定血清甘油三脂 (TG)、总胆固醇 (TCh)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)的含量。喂养上述特化饲料前两周 ,开始将强心帖贴敷于“心俞” “厥阴俞”、心前区 ,共贴敷 2 .5～ 3 .5个月。结果 :①对照组、模型组、实验组 (3 .5月 )MAP值相比组间虽无显著差异 ,但实验组的值低于模型组的趋势还是比较明确的 ;②贴敷强心帖 2 .5个月时 ,实验组主动脉、腹主动脉内膜的厚度低于模型组 ;实验组血清LDL C含量略低于模型组 ;③贴敷 3 .5个月时 ,实验组腹主动脉和心肌冠脉血管内膜均低于模型组 ,对照组心肌冠脉血管分支的结构绝大多数为正常 ,模型组半数或半数以上发生血管严重堵塞 ,而实验组半数以上为轻度堵塞 ;④贴敷 3 .5个月时 ,实验组血清TG、     

Effect of fruits of Moringa oleifera on the lipid profile of normal and hypercholesterolaemic rabbits

Rabbits were fed Moringa oleifera (200mg/kg/day, p.o.) or lovastatin (6mg/kg/day, p.o.) in banana pulp along with standard laboratory diet and hypercholesterolaemic diet for 120 days. Moringa oleifera and lovastatin were found to lower the serum cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride, VLDL, LDL, cholesterol to phospholipid ratio and atherogenic index, but were found to increase the HDL ratio (HDL/HDL-total cholesterol) as compared to the corresponding control groups. Treatment with M. oleifera or lovastatin in normal rabbits decreased the HDL levels. However, HDL levels were significantly increased or decreased in M. oleifera- or lovastatin-treated hypercholesterolaemic rabbits, respectively. Lovastatin- or M. oleifera-treated hypercholesterolaemic rabbits showed decrease in lipid profile of liver, heart and aorta while similar treatment of normal animals did not produce significant reduction in heart. Moringa oleifera was found to increase the excretion of faecal cholesterol. Thus, the study demonstrates that M. oleifera possesses a hypolipidaemic effect.     

A study on the toxicology of Acacia nilotica

The potential toxicity of Acacia nilotica was investigated in rats maintained on 2% and 8% acacia diet for 2 and 4 weeks. A significant reduction in body weight in all acacia-fed groups and a significant decrease in the levels of hemoglobin, serum total protein and total cholesterol in animals fed 8% acacia diet for up to 4 weeks were observed. These effects were, however, reversed one week after treatment termination. No significant changes in serum parameters of hepatic and renal functions, fasting glucose and triglycerides were observed. Further, no deaths among treated animals and no significant histopathological changes in liver sections were noted. It is concluded that A. nilotica, at 2% and 8% levels, has a low toxicity potential.     

健骨二仙丸对去势大鼠骨量和血脂的影响

目的：观察健骨二仙丸和倍美力对去势大鼠骨量和血脂等指标的影响。方法：12月龄雌性SD大鼠随机为空白对照组（OVX）、雌激素对照组（OVX E）、健骨二仙丸1、2组（OVX J1、J2）、卵巢切除后7天开始给药,4月后第二次检测骨量,6月处死大量检测血脂、ALP、Ga和P。结果：空白对照组实验后骨量显著减少,雌激素对照（倍美力）组和健骨二仙丸组的骨量显著高于空白对照组;雌激素对照组和健骨二仙丸2组血浆总胆固醇（TC）显著低于空白对照组;雌激素对照组甘油三脂（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-h）较空白对照组显著升高,健骨二仙丸1组TC、TG及HDL与空白对照比较无显著性差异;雌激素对照组和健骨二仙丸2组TC和低密度脂蛋白（LDL-c）较空白对照组显著降低。结论：健骨二仙丸可有效防止卵巢切除大鼠骨量的丢失而不会导致血脂的升高,可有效防治骨质疏松。     

Lipids and cholesterol esterifying enzyme changes by Anna Pavala Sindhooram therapy in experimental rat hyperlipaemia

The effect of Anna Pavala Sindhooram (APS), an indigenous drug showing lipid lowering action was tested in experimental rat atherosclerosis induced by feeding an atherogenic diet. APS was found to decrease the levels of serum cholesterol and phospholipids while triglycerides remained unaffected in atherogenic diet fed rats. Lipid levels in the aorta, liver and intestine were also increased by atherogenic diet feeding, and APS administration with diet restriction reversed this trend. Cholesterol ester was lowered. Both cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH) and synthetase (CES) activities in the tissues were elevated while the CEH/CES ratio was lowered in atherosclerosis. APS administration led to a decrease in enzyme activities and an increase in the CEH/CES ratio. APS in vitro inhibited both enzyme activities. NMR spectroscopic studies showed that the soluble components of APS bind or modify cholesterol. Iron, copper, magnesium and calcium present in APS may play a role in the removal of cholesterol ester from the aorta and its disposal.     

知母皂苷的降脂及抗动脉粥样硬化作用

目的探讨知母皂苷对实验性高脂血症鹌鹑的降脂及抗动脉粥样硬化作用。方法采用高脂饲料喂养鹌鹑建立高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化模型。知母皂苷连续灌胃给药2周,测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量,计算HDL/TC比值;取主动脉,观察动脉斑块面积并进行病理学检查。结果知母皂苷可明显降低血清TC、TG、LDL、HDL含量,提高HDL/TC比值,缩小斑块面积,减轻动脉粥样硬化程度。结论知母皂苷对鹌鹑实验性高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化具有明显的抑制作用。