Lower Trabecular Bone Score is Associated With the Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors

Introduction: Trabecular bone score (TBS) provides indirect indices of trabecular microarchitecture and bone quality. Several studies have evaluated the influence of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on bone mass and geometric parameters, but no studies have evaluated the influence of PPIs on TBS. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 1505 women aged 40–89 yr who had bone mineral density (BMD) examinations as a part of the medical diagnosis and disease prevention program and who did not have osteoporotic fractures or conditions that could affect bone metabolism. Among these, we identified 223 women with exposure to PPIs and selected the same number of age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched control patients. We compared TBS and BMD between the PPI exposure group and the control group and performed multivariate regression analyses to determine whether TBS and BMDs are associated with age, BMI, and PPIs exposure. We also examined whether TBS and BMDs are associated with PPIs exposure timing (current, recent, and past). Results: TBS and BMDs were significantly lower in the PPI exposure group than in the control group. In a multivariable linear regression analysis, TBS was significantly associated with age (p < 0.001) and PPI exposure (p = 0.02). In addition, all BMDs were found to be significantly associated with age, BMI, and PPI exposure. Lower TBS was associated with current PPIs use (p = 0.005), but not with recent or past PPIs usage. However, the influence of PPI exposure timing on the BMDs was not consistent between BMD measurement sites. Conclusions: This study found that TBS is lower in subjects with PPIs exposure than in controls. The association of lower TBS with current PPIs use suggests that trabecular bone quality could be affected early by PPIs, and but the effect might be reversible.     

骨小梁评分在2型糖尿病患者中评价骨质量的应用

目的探讨骨小梁评分(trabecular bone score,TBS)在评价2型糖尿病患者骨质量中的应用。方法回顾性分析128例2型糖尿病患者和64例非糖尿病患者的腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)图像,通过骨小梁评分软件(TBS i Nsight software)计算得出骨小梁评分,分析两组患者的骨密度、骨小梁评分差异,并分析骨小梁评分和骨密度、年龄、体重的关系。结果和非糖尿病组相比,2型糖尿病患者组腰椎BMD升高(0.9103±0.1742 vs 0.8382±0.1422,P=0.005),TBS降低(1.2787±0.122 vs 1.3166±0.1016,P=0.033),在排除年龄、体重、骨密度的干扰后差异依然有统计学意义(P=0.008);相关性分析方面发现TBS和年龄呈负相关(r=-0.395,P0.001),和体质量指数呈负相关(r=-0.270,P0.001); TBS和腰椎BMD呈正相关,非糖尿病患者比糖尿病患者的相关性更强(r=0.563,P0.001 vs r=0.766,P0.001)。结论在2型糖尿病患者中骨小梁评分降低,这和2型糖尿病患者骨折风险增高的事实相符合,骨小梁评分可能成为评估2型糖尿病患者骨质量的指标。     

Fat Mass Does Not Increase the Precision Error of Trabecular Bone Score Measurements

Introduction: Trabecular bone score (TBS) is an indirect index of trabecular microarchitecture derived from lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Previous phantom study showed that an increase in soft tissue thickness does not affect TBS reproducibility. We investigated the effect of increasing body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference on TBS precision error on patients, compared to bone mineral density (BMD). Methodology: A population of postmenopausal Caucasian women was distributed in 3 different BMI (normal, overweight, and class I obesity), plus 2 further groups based on waist circumference diameter (≤88 cm and >88 cm, respectively). In vivo precision error was calculated on 30 consecutive subjects that were scanned 2 times, with patient repositioning, using the Hologic QDR-Discovery W densitometer. Coefficient of variation, percent least significant change, and reproducibility were calculated according to the International Society for Clinical Densitometry guidelines. Results: Ninety-five women aged 66 ± 10 (mean ± standard deviation) were included. No significant differences were found both for BMD and TBS precision errors, respectively, when comparing BMI groups and waist circumference groups. BMD reproducibility ranged from 95.9% (BMI > 30 kg/m²) to 97.5% (BMI < 25 kg/m²). TBS reproducibility ranged between 95.8% (BMI = 25–29.9 kg/m², waist circumference > 88 cm) and 96.6% (BMI < 25 kg/m²). With the exception of obese group, a significant difference was found between BMD and TBS reproducibility, being that of TBS slightly lower than BMD. A significant decrease of TBS values was found between normal and obese subjects, as well as between waist circumference groups. Conclusions: TBS precision error is not affected by BMI and waist circumference differences. TBS reproducibility showed to be slightly lower than that of BMD, but this difference was mitigated in obese patients. A negative association was found between the amount of fat mass and TBS mean values.     

Trabecular Bone Score at the Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury

Rapid declines in bone mineral density (BMD) at the knee after spinal cord injury (SCI) are associated with an increased risk of fracture. Evaluation of bone quality using the trabecular bone score (TBS) may provide a complimentary measure to BMD assessment to examine bone health and fracture risk after SCI. The purpose of this study was to assess bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) at the knee in individuals with and without SCI. Nine individuals with complete SCI (mean time since SCI 2.9?±?3.8?yr) and 9 non-SCI controls received dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of the right knee using the lumbar spine protocol. BMD and TBS were quantified at epiphyseal, metaphyseal, diaphyseal, and total bone regions of the distal femur and proximal tibia. Individuals with SCI illustrated significantly lower total BMD at the distal femur (23%; p?=?0.029) and proximal tibia (19%; p?=?0.02) when compared with non-SCI controls. Despite these marked differences in BMD from both locations, significant differences in total TBS were observed at the distal femur only (6%; p?=?0.023). The observed differences in total BMD and TBS could be attributed to reductions in epiphyseal rather than metaphyseal or diaphysis measurements. The relationship between TBS and duration of SCI was well explained by a logarithmic trend at the distal femoral epiphysis (r²?=?0.54, p?=?0.025). The logarithmic trend would predict that after 3?yr of SCI, TBS would be approximately 6% lower than the non-SCI controls. Further evaluation is needed to determine if TBS measures at the knee provide important information about bone quality that is not captured by traditional BMD.     

Lumbar Spine Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) Reflects Diminished Bone Quality in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Glucocorticoid Therapy

Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a texture parameter that measures the grayscale variation within dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images, and has been shown to significantly correlate with the 3-dimensional bone microarchitecture. The objective of this study was to determine whether TBS is a better clinical tool than traditionally used bone mineral density (BMD) to detect the skeletal deterioration seen in patients with diabetes (DM), patients undergoing oral glucocorticoid (GC) therapy, and patients who are both diabetic and taking steroids (GC?+?DM). We performed retrospective, cross-sectional study using DXA images of patients who visited UTHealth Department of Internal Medicine DXA clinic in Houston, TX, from May 30, 2014 to May 30, 2016. A total of 477 men and women, who were 55 years or older, were included in the study. Lumbar spine (LS) BMD and TBS were collected. Electronic medical records were reviewed to collect clinical information for each patient. When both men and women were analyzed as a single group, LS-BMD was significantly higher in the diabetic group than in the control group (1.14 vs 1.10, p?=?0.038), whereas mean TBS of L1–L4 was significantly lower in the diabetic group (1.21 vs 1.26, p?=?0.004). LS-TBS was also significantly lower in diabetic women than in nondiabetic women (1.20 vs 1.26, p?=?0.002). Receiver operating characteristic curves and areas under the curve indicated that LS-TBS provided better ability than LS-BMD to discriminate between control subjects and those in the DM, GC, or GC?+?DM groups (areas under the curve between 0.645 and 0.697, p?<?0.010 for all). LS-TBS is a BMD-independent parameter that is capable of capturing a larger portion of bone quality deterioration undetected by BMD alone in patients with DM and undergoing oral GC therapy.     

The Association Between Trabecular Bone Score and Lumbar Spine Volumetric BMD Is Attenuated Among Older Men With High Body Mass Index

Trabecular bone score (TBS) has been proposed as a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) derived measure of underlying quality of trabecular bone; however, TBS is not considered valid for those with body mass index (BMI) >37 kg/m². Our objective was to determine the association between TBS and lumbar spine (trabecular) volumetric BMD (LS‐VBMD) and to examine whether the association varied by BMI and body composition among older men below this clinical threshold. We used regression models to study 3479 men age ≥65 years enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study who had TBS from spine DXA scans, LS‐VBMD from central quantitative computed tomography, measures of trunk fat and lean mass from DXA, and BMI <37 kg/m². TBS was categorized as normal (n = 925), partially degraded (n = 1747), and degraded (n = 807). TBS was inversely related to BMI, trunk fat mass, and trunk lean mass (all p < 0.001). The relationship between TBS and LS‐VBMD was nonlinear with magnitude of effect (slope of regression line using standardized variables) ranging from 0.07 (95% CI, –0.02 to 0.15) among those with degraded TBS up to 0.71 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.89) among those with normal TBS. The relationship was still nonlinear after adjusting for age, clinical site, and either BMI, trunk lean mass, or trunk fat mass. The magnitude of effect relating TBS and LS‐VBMD also decreased with increasing BMI (interaction, p = 0.090) and increasing trunk lean mass (interaction, p = 0.001), but not with increasing trunk fat mass (interaction, p = 0.224). In summary, the strength of the association between TBS and LS‐VBMD among older men was variable and dependent on BMI and body composition, particularly trunk lean mass. The clinical utility of TBS among older men may be somewhat limited among men with high BMI or high trunk lean mass. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Trabecular bone score in patients with liver transplants after 1 year of risedronate treatment

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of risedronate on Trabecular Bone Score in liver transplant patients with low bone mass, during 1‐year follow‐up. In this retrospective cohort study, trabecular bone score (TBS) was calculated from dual X‐ray absorptiometry images of the lumbar spine (LS), collected from a prospective randomized open‐label 1‐year trial performed in liver recipient patients. A total of 89 patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis were randomized to receive RIS plus calcium and vitamin D3 or calcium and vitamin D3. TBS was low in both groups at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Baseline TBS at the LS showed degraded microarchitecture in 22.8% of patients, partially degraded in 40.3%, and normal values in 36.8% of the patients. After 1 year of treatment, no difference in TBS was observed between both groups. No correlations were found between bone mineral density (BMD) and TBS values at any follow‐up time point. No relationship was found between BMD, TBS or immunosuppressive drugs with incidental fracture. No significant effect in TBS was observed in liver transplant patients treated with RIS or calcium and vitamin D3 after 1 year of follow‐up. In these patients, the clinical usefulness of this new tool should be established.     

骨量减少或骨质疏松症合并2型糖尿病患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4水平与骨密度的联系

目的探讨50岁以上2型糖尿病患者伴有骨量减少或骨质疏松症血清视黄醇结合蛋白4 (retinol binding protein 4,RBP4)、骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)与其他相关骨代谢指标之间的关系。方法 2016年4月至2017年8月在我院就诊的2型糖尿病患者(n=204例)入选本研究。采用双能X线骨密度仪测量BMD,分为正常骨密度组(110例)、骨量减少组(69例)和骨质疏松组(25例)。同时确定血清RBP4和其他生物标志物。结果与正常骨密度组相比,骨量减少和骨质疏松组患者血清RBP4、体重、钙和体质量指数(bone mass index,BMI)均与BMD呈正相关。相比之下,年龄、糖尿病病程和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)与所有测试部位的BMD呈负相关。在未调整的分析中,年龄、性别、糖尿病持续时间、ALP与股骨颈、髋部和腰椎BMD呈负相关,而体重、BMI和RBP4与所有部位的BMD呈正相关。在多元回归分析中,根据年龄、体重、BMI和其他骨骼相关因素进行校正,结果显示,在所有部位,血清RBP4与BMD之间呈逐级递增关系。结论与2型糖尿病患者的正常骨密度组相比,调整其他因素后,在骨量减少和骨质疏松症组中患者血清RBP4与所有部位的骨密度均呈正相关。     

Usefulness of Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) to Identify Bone Fragility in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Background: Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism usually show decreased bone strength that are often not well diagnosed by conventional Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) is a new technique for assessing bone microarchitecture indirectly. This cross-sectional study evaluates the usefulness of TBS in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in clinical practice. Methodology: Bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA and TBS values by TBS InSight® software were determined in 72 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism to analyze its relationship with fragility fractures. A receiver operating curve was performed to evaluate the usefulness of TBS as predictor of fragility fractures. FRAX index with and without adjustment by TBS was calculated. Additionally, longitudinal data of a subgroup of patients according to the therapeutic management were also evaluated. Results: A total of 51.4% of the patients showed degraded microarchitecture while only 37.5% of them were diagnosed of osteoporosis by DXA. No significant correlation was found between TBS values and BMD parameters. However, TBS values were lower in osteoporotic patients compared to those classified as normal by BMD (1.16 ± 0.12vs 1.26 ± 0.17; p?=?0.043) and in patients with fragility fractures compared to nonfractured patients (1.19 ± 0.03vs 1.24 ± 0.02, p < 0.001). The area under the curve for TBS performed better than the combination of femoral, hip and spine-BMD for prevalent fractures (0.714vs 0.679). TBS-adjusted FRAX was higher than nonadjusted model for both major osteoporotic and hip fracture (4.5% vs 3%; 0.9% vs 0.7%; p < 0.001). At follow-up, an improvement in TBS values was observed in treated patients (medical or surgical) vs nontreated close to significance (1.27 ± 0.10vs 1.24 ± 0.11, p?=?0.074). Conclusions: TBS could be a useful tool to identify increased fracture risk in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism underdiagnosed by BMD. Moreover, FRAX adjusted by TBS could be a more robust tool for predicting the risk of osteoporotic fracture to help in therapeutic decisions in this population.     

Utility of fragility fracture prediction tools in a group of postmenopausal women

ObjectivesFractures are a common complication of osteoporosis. The main aim of our study was to assess the relation between fractures identified as low energy fractures (fragility), bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS), and handgrip in a group of postmenopausal women. An additional aim was to determine the relation between fragility fractures and age, height loss, and falls (reported in the last 12 months and 5 years).Material and methodsThe study was conducted in a group of 120 (mean age 69 years; 59–81, SD 5.3) postmenopausal patients who were referred to the Medical Centre for an osteoporosis screening appointment by their general practitioner. All patients were interviewed (with a questionnaire containing questions on fracture risk factors and highest height), had their anthropometric measures taken (current height and weight) as well as TBS analysis following their DXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) scan and handgrip measure.ResultsSixty patients from the study group had a history of fractures (with a total of 92 fractures), of whom 39 women (76 fractures) were identified as those with a low-energy fracture. Fragility fractures were more likely to be reported in older patients (Me 71 vs. 68 years, p < 0.05). Differences observed between TBS, handgrip and BMD in reference to fragility fractures were not statistically significant. Analysis showed significant correlations between BMD (neck and L1–L4) and TBS fracture risk categories. Falls reported in the last 5 years and height loss were factors which correlated with fragility fractures (p < 0.05).ConclusionsRisk of fragility fractures increases with age. Bone mineral density is insufficient as a fracture risk assessment tool. Information on falls and height loss may provide additional data on fracture risk assessment.     

Trabecular Bone Score Is a Valuable Addition to Bone Mineral Density for Bone Quality Assessment in Older Mexican American Women With Type 2 Diabetes

Altered bone quality due to the underlying metabolic changes of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been hypothesized to affect bone strength, leading to increased fracture risk in patients with T2D. Lumbar spine trabecular bone score (LS-TBS), an indirect measure of trabecular microarchitecture, provides information on bone quality and has been associated with T2D. However, trabecular bone score (TBS) is also affected by demographic patterns and body size, and is expected to be different in people from various ethnic or racial backgrounds. Therefore, it is important to understand associations between T2D and TBS for each ethnic or racial group separately. Although the relationship between TBS and age has been reported to be similar between non-Hispanic Caucasians and Mexican Americans (MAs), data on associations of LS-TBS with T2D in older MAs are lacking. Here, we report associations between TBS and T2D in 149 older MA men and women. Participants are part of a cohort known as the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort in Texas who have high prevalence of obesity and poor glycemic control. Bone mineral density was not altered for MA women with T2D, but was significantly higher in MA men with T2D compared with MA men without diabetes. Low LS-TBS was associated with T2D in women in our study. Although low TBS was associated with older age in men, TBS did not show any significant association with T2D for men. These results are similar to those found in other studies of non-Hispanic whites with diabetes. LS-TBS may add value in diagnosing poor bone quality in older MA women with T2D regardless of bone mineral density scoring.     

Association Among Age, Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index with Discordant Regional Bone Mineral Density

Patients with osteoporosis have a body mass index (BMI) that is significantly lower than patients with normal bone mineral density (BMD). This study was conducted to examine the associations among age, height, weight, and BMI in patients with discordant regional BMD. For the purpose of this study, discordant regional BMD was defined as having a BMD result that is in the osteoporotic range at one site while being normal at the other sites. Data from 7513 qualifying bone densitometry scans from a suburban Detroit osteoporosis testing center were analyzed. A patient was classified as having generalized osteoporosis if the T-score was < 2.5 at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and distal radius and normal if the T-score was > 1 at the same three sites. Patients were determined to have discordant low BMD when the T-score was < 2.5 at one site while the T-score was > 1 at the other two sites. Patients with generalized osteoporosis were older (mean age: 72.2 vs 54.7 yr; p < 0.001), shorter (height: 153.1 vs 161.7 cm; p < 0.001) and had lower BMI (23.7 vs 28.5 kg/m(2); p < 0.001) compared with patients with normal BMD. The distal radius was the site where discordant osteoporosis was most prevalent (70 patients, 0.9%). Patients with isolated low distal radius BMD were similar in age (mean age: 70.4 vs 72.2. yr; p = NS), but were taller (height: 158.6 vs 153.1 cm; p < 0.001) and had BMI values that were significantly higher (BMI: 28.7 vs 23.7 kg/m(2); p < 0.001) than patients with generalized osteoporosis. Patients with discordant BMD at the distal radius had anthropometric characteristics that were significantly different from patients with generalized osteoporosis. These differences may represent differences in the etiology of osteoporosis and differential effects on cortical vs trabecular bone.     

2型糖尿病患者合并骨量减少及骨质疏松症相关影响因素分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者合并骨量减少及骨质疏松症(osteoporsis,OP)相关影响因素。方法采用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)测定617例住院T2DM患者股骨颈(N)及腰椎1~4(L1-4)的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),按BMD分为骨量正常、骨量减少及骨质疏松组,采用SPSS软件比较各组之间年龄、性别、病程及生化指标之间的差异性,分析T2DM骨密度相关影响因素。结果 OP组及骨量减少组女性比例、年龄均高于骨量正常组(P0.05),BMI低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。OP组T2DM病程大于骨量减少组及骨量正常组(P0.05),FPG、2h PG、糖化血红蛋白低于骨量正常组(P0.05),空腹C肽水平低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。血钙低于骨量减少组及骨量正常组(P0.05),骨量减少组空腹胰岛素水平低于骨量正常组(P0.05)。将上述结果进行Logistic回归分析结果显示:高龄、低FC-P水平、低Hb A1C、低BMI与T2DM合并骨量减少及OP有相关关系(P0.05)。结论老龄、低空腹C肽水平、低BMI的2型糖尿病患者易出现骨量减少及骨质疏松症。     

Volumetric BMD by 3D-DXA and Trabecular Bone Score in Adults With Down Syndrome

Adults with Down syndrome (DS) have lower bone mineral density (BMD) than the general population. The objective of our study was to describe bone mineral status in DS population through volumetric BMD (vBMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS). Retrospective study of 297 subjects recruited from the Adult DS Outpatient Clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Spain, who underwent a bone densitometry for clinical purposes between January 2010 and June 2015. vBMD determination and TBS analysis on conventional DXA (Hologic QDR 4500) densitometer were performed in this cohort. The mean (±SD) age of our population was 34.3 (±10.9) years; 51% were women. Trabecular vBMD at total hip and femoral neck was lower in males than in females (191.7 ± 48.4 mg/cm³ vs 206.9 ± 46.7 mg/cm³, p = 0.007, and 250.5 ± 70.1 mg/cm³ vs 275.7 ± 66.2 mg/cm³, p = 0.002, respectively). Trabecular and cortical vBMD decreased with age, but age decline in trabecular vBMD was more pronounced in males. Likewise, lumbar TBS declined with age being normal in 63%, low in 29% and very low in 8% of subjects with DS, without differences between sexes. TBS showed a positive correlation (r = 0.37; p < 0.001, Kappa index= 0.275) with conventional DXA lumbar Z-score. vBMD at the hip showed lower values in DS subjects than in the general population, especially in males. Moreover, TBS was also lower at lumbar spine. Therefore, both assessments could be used as complementary tools to areal BMD (Z-score) to assess bone status in DS subjects.     

男性体检人群血尿酸水平对前臂骨密度的影响及其与体质量指数的交互作用

目的 探讨男性体检人群血清尿酸(serum uric acid, SUA)水平对前臂骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)的影响及SUA与体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)对BMD影响的交互作用。方法 选取2020年1～12月于河北省人民医院体检中心进行年度体检的50岁及以上的2270名男性。采用双能X线骨密度仪测定非优势侧前臂桡骨远端1/3处BMD值,计算T值,根据T值分为骨量正常组、骨量减少组和骨质疏松组。SUA水平在正常范围者按四分位分为Q1～Q4组,高于正常范围者为Q5组。探讨各组SUA变化及与BMD的关系,分析骨量异常的影响因素,建立相乘和相加效应模型分析影响因素间的交互作用。结果 骨质疏松组SUA水平低于骨量正常组和骨量减少组,Q1～Q5组BMD值、T值、骨量减少患病率、骨质疏松症患病率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。双变量相关性分析显示,BMD值、T值均与SUA呈正相关性(P<0.05)。有序多分类Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、收缩压(SBP)、患有高血压与骨量异常的风险呈正相关性,BMI、SUA与骨量异...     

Creation of an Age-Adjusted,Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry–Derived Trabecular Bone Score Curve for the Lumbar Spine in Non-Hispanic US White Women

The trabecular bone score (TBS, Med-Imaps, Pessac, France) is an index of bone microarchitecture texture extracted from anteroposterior dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images of the spine. Previous studies have documented the ability of TBS of the spine to differentiate between women with and without fractures among age- and areal bone mineral density (aBMD)-matched controls, as well as to predict future fractures. In this cross-sectional analysis of data collected from 3 geographically dispersed facilities in the United States, we investigated age-related changes in the microarchitecture of lumbar vertebrae as assessed by TBS in a cohort of non-Hispanic US white American women. All subjects were 30 yr of age and older and had an L1–L4aBMDZ-score within ±2 SD of the population mean. Individuals were excluded if they had fractures, were on any osteoporosis treatment, or had any illness that would be expected to impact bone metabolism. All data were extracted from Prodigy dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry devices (GE-Lunar, Madison, WI). Cross-calibrations between the 3 participating centers were performed for TBS and aBMD. aBMD and TBS were evaluated for spine L1–L4 but also for all other possible vertebral combinations. To validate the cohort, a comparison between the aBMD normative data of our cohort and US non-Hispanic white Lunar data provided by the manufacturer was performed. A database of 619 non-Hispanic US white women, ages 30–90 yr, was created. aBMD normative data obtained from this cohort were not statistically different from the non-Hispanic US white Lunar normative data provided by the manufacturer (p = 0.30). This outcome thereby indirectly validates our cohort. TBS values at L1–L4 were weakly inversely correlated with body mass index (r = −0.17) and weight (r = −0.16) and not correlated with height. TBS values for all lumbar vertebral combinations decreased significantly with age. There was a linear decrease of 16.0% (−2.47 T-score) in TBS at L1–L4 between 45 and 90 yr of age (vs. −2.34 for aBMD). Microarchitectural loss rate increased after age 65 by 50% (−0.004 to −0.006). Similar results were obtained for other combinations of lumbar vertebra. TBS, an index of bone microarchitectural texture, decreases with advancing age in non-Hispanic US white women. Little change in TBS is observed between ages 30 and 45. Thereafter, a progressive decrease is observed with advancing age. The changes we observed in these American women are similar to that previously reported for a French population of white women (r² > 0.99). This reference database will facilitate the use of TBS to assess bone microarchitectural deterioration in clinical practice.     

血清神经肽Y水平与绝经后妇女骨密度相关性研究

目的探讨血清神经肽Y(NPY)水平与绝经后妇女骨密度(BMD)的相关性。方法纳入在我院门诊就诊的绝经后妇女。测量血清钙、磷、白蛋白、甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)、促甲状腺激素(thyrotropin,TSH)、25-OH维生素D和NPY浓度。根据骨密度检测结果将受试者分为3组,分别为BMD值:正常(n=66)、骨量减少(n=63)和骨质疏松症(n=63)。根据血清NPY水平,受试者也被分为3组:低NPY(n=30)、正常NPY(n=126)和高NPY(n=36)。结果骨密度正常、骨质疏松、骨质疏松症患者血清NPY、PTH和年龄水平差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.05)。对于不同的NPY水平,各组腰椎、股骨总、股骨颈、转子、股骨转子间和Ward’s三角BMD值有显著差异(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示血清NPY水平与患者年龄、BMI呈现显著正相关(P<0.05),与不同部位的BMD值之间均有显著负相关性(P<0.05)。结论血清NPY水平与患者年龄、体重指数或任何部位测量的BMD值之间有相关性。     

Factors Associated With Trabecular Bone Score and Bone Mineral Density; A Machine Learning Approach

Introduction: Bone indexes including trabecular bone score (TBS) and bone mineral density (BMD) have been shown to be associated with wide spectrum of variables including physical activity, vitamin D, liver enzymes, biochemical measurements, mental and sleep disorders, and quality of life. Here we aimed to determine the most important factors related to TBS and BMD in SUVINA dataset. Methods: Data were extracted from the Survey of Ultraviolet Intake by Nutritional Approach (SUVINA study) including all 306 subjects entered this survey. All the available parameters in the SUVINA database were included the analysis. XGBoost modeler software was used to define the most important features associated with bone indexes including TBS and BMD in various sites. Results: Applying XGBoost modeling for 4 bone indexes indicated that this algorithm could identify the most important variables in relation to bone indexes with an accuracy of 92%, 93%, 90% and 90% respectively for TBS T-score, lumbar Z-score, neck of femur Z-score and Radius Z-score. Serum vitamin D, pro-oxidant-oxidant balance (PAB) and physical activity level (PAL) were the most important factors related to bone indices in different sites of the body. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that XGBoost could identify the most important variables with an accuracy of >90% for TBS and BMD. The most important features associated with bone indexes were serum vitamin D, PAB and PAL.     

产后早期妇女骨质疏松相关因素分析

目的：了解产后早期妇女骨量丢失的影响因素,为防止妊娠有关的骨质疏松发生提供依据。方法纳入在我院分娩的产后10～14天妇女1125例,采用双能X线骨密度测定仪测定受试者L1-L4椎体及左侧股骨颈的骨密度（BMD）,根据骨密度分为骨质疏松组、骨量减少组、骨量正常组,比较各组间年龄、身高、体重指数（ BMI）、产次、钙摄入量等差异。结果在1125例调查者中,骨质疏松65例（5.8％）,骨量减少429例（38.1％）,骨量正常631例（56.1％）。牛奶摄入量每天＞200 ml的产妇,其骨质疏松发生率低于牛奶每天摄入＜200 ml的产妇（ P＜0.01）。孕期补钙的产妇骨质疏松发生率低于未补钙者（ P＜0.01）,有骨质疏松家庭史的产妇,其骨质疏松发生率高于无骨质疏松家庭的产妇（P＜0.01）。结论产后妇女骨质疏松及骨量减少的发生率较高,骨质疏松家族史、钙摄入不足、低BMI是产后骨量丢失的风险因素,产后常规测量骨密度有助于骨质疏松的早期诊断及治疗。