经阴道超声监测孕妇宫颈形态预测早产的价值

目的评价经阴道超声监测宫颈形态变化对早产的预测价值。方法 223例孕妇分为足月分娩组134例和先兆早产组89例,分别于孕24、28、32及36周行经阴道超声检查,观察宫颈形态长度的变化,以及宫颈指数,并对其妊娠结局进行随访。结果足月分娩组中宫颈长度随孕周增大而缩短;先兆早产组孕妇的宫颈长度均较相应孕周的足月分娩组短,其中24、28及36周组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。先兆早产组各孕周的宫颈指数均较足月分娩组大,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。89例先兆早产组中71例保胎成功,18例发生早产。先兆早产组中21例有宫颈漏斗形成,18例早产者均有宫颈漏斗形成。漏斗形成预测早产的敏感性为100%、特异性为96.6%;以足月分娩孕妇28周时的宫颈长度2.61cm为临界值,其预测早产的敏感性为83.3%、特异性为100%。结论经阴道超声实时监测宫颈形态结构变化对预测早产的发生有一定的临床价值。     

经阴道超声联合胎儿纤维连接蛋白预测自发性早产的临床价值

目的  分析经阴道超声测量子宫宫颈前角（ACA）、宫颈长度（CL）联合胎儿纤维连接蛋白（fFN）预测自发性早产（SPB）的临床价值。方法  选取2019年6月~2022年6月我院收治的98例先兆早产孕妇为研究对象,根据是否发生SPB将其分为SPB组（n=33）和足月组（n=65）。采用单因素及Logistic多因素回归分析先兆早产孕妇发生SPB的风险因素。通过绘制ROC曲线评估ACA、CL及fFN对SPB的预测效能。结果  经单因素分析,两组孕前BMI、胎膜早破、宫内感染、羊水过多、妊娠期糖尿病情况及ACA、CL、fFN水平的差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。经Logistic多因素回归分析,胎膜早破、ACA、fFN是先兆早产孕妇发生SPB的风险因素（OR>1,P < 0.05）,孕前BMI、CL是先兆早产孕妇发生SPB的保护因素（OR < 1,P < 0.05）。ROC曲线显示,当ACA≥ 116.500°时,预测先兆早产孕妇发生SPB的AUC为0.630,敏感度为48.5%,特异性为69.2%。当CL≤25.000 mm时,AUC为0.667,敏感度为54.5%,特异性为73.8%。当fFN≥96.155 μg/L时,AUC为0.652,敏感度为60.6%,特异性为69.2%。三者联合预测的AUC为0.740,敏感度为72.7%,特异性为75.4%。结论  经阴道超声测量ACA、CL及fFN水平均对预测先兆早产孕妇发生SPB具有一定预测价值,且三者联合预测效能更佳。     

Three-dimensional transvaginal sonography of interstitial pregnancy

We describe the case of a 33-year-old pregnant woman, gravida 1 para 0, who was referred to us with a presumptive diagnosis of an interstitial pregnancy. The patient had had amenorrhea for 7 weeks and had previously undergone myomectomy. Two-dimensional sonographic examination revealed a gestational sac located outside the uterine cavity but could not define its exact anatomic position. Using transvaginal 3-dimensional sonography, we were able to correctly depict the sac, which was located where the fallopian tube crossed the uterine horn. We performed a cornual resection, during which the diagnosis of interstitial pregnancy was confirmed. The use of 3-dimensional sonography in this patient's case thus led to appropriate early treatment and avoidance of possible subsequent morbidity.     

Transvaginal color Doppler sonography for predicting response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical carcinoma

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential role of transvaginal color Doppler sonography (TVCD) in predicting response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Tumor vascularity was assessed using TVCD before the start of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in 21 patients (median age, 47 years; range, 31-75 years) with histologically proven locally advanced cervical cancer. The lowest resistance index (RI), lowest pulsatility index (PI), and highest peak systolic velocity (PSV) from central vessels within the tumor were recorded and used for analysis. All patients were clinically evaluated by physical examination and CT scanning after completing the chemoradiotherapy protocol. Complete clinical response (CR) was determined when no residual tumor was found. Partial clinical response (PR) was determined when the tumor volume had decreased more than 50%. RESULTS: CR was achieved in 11 patients (52%), whereas 10 (48%) had PR. The initial median tumor volume was not statistically different between those with CR (26 cm3) and those with PR (28 cm3) (p = 0.71). RI was higher in those tumors with CR (median, 0.47) than in those with PR (median, 0.29) (p < 0.01). Likewise, PI was higher in tumors with CR (median, 0.81) than in those with PR (median, 0.41) (p < 0.01). No differences were found in PSV. The likelihood ratio for CR for tumors with a lowest RI of 0.35 or more was 2.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.8-3.6) and the likelihood ratio for CR for tumors with a lowest PI of 0.45 or more was 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.1-4.5). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that TVCD may be useful in predicting clinical response to concurrent chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.     

Cervical length screening for predicting preterm birth: A comparative review of guidelines

A cervical length (CL) assessment may predict preterm birth (PTB). This study aimed to analyze and compare the recommendations of guidelines on the role of CL in the prediction of PTB. There is no consensus regarding universal screening of asymptomatic women without a history of prior spontaneous PTB (sPTB), using CL. On the other hand, CL assessment is recommended in cases with a history of sPTB due to the high recurrence rate. Finally, there is discrepancy regarding CL assessment in asymptomatic women with multiple pregnancy. Although far from perfect, CL measurement remains the best available method to predict PTB.     

经阴道超声诊断宫颈机能不全探讨

目的探讨经阴道超声检查对宫颈机能不全患者的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析30例宫颈不全患者(宫颈机能不全组),分析于非孕期经阴道超声测量宫颈总长度、宫颈阴道段长度、宫颈内口宽度,并随访分析孕16周的经阴道超声检查结果,并与30名健康体检者(健康对照组)进行对照。结果宫颈机能不全组患者非孕期宫颈总长度为(34.10±4.42)mm,宫颈阴道段长度为(16.33±2.34)mm,健康对照组的分别为(43.19±2.48)mm和(24.33±3.12)mm,两者比较差异有统计学意义(t=6.78、6.24,P均<0.01),孕16周经阴道超声测量宫颈总长度为(32.46±4.25)mm,宫颈阴道段长度为(15.38±3.62)mm,与健康对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=8.36、7.88,P均<0.05)。宫颈阴道段与宫颈总长度的比值与晚期自然流产次数存在显著相关性(r=0.55,P<0.05)。以宫颈阴道段长度≤19mm为最佳临界点,经阴道超声诊断宫颈机能不全的敏感度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比及正确指数分别为90.00%、90.00%、9.00、0.11、80.00。结论经阴道超声检测宫颈对判断非孕期宫颈机能不全患者具有一定价值。     

以第二产程中经会阴超声所测进展角预测分娩方式:Meta分析

目的 采用meta分析观察以经会阴超声于第二产程所测进展角(AOP)预测分娩方式的价值。方法 检索数据库中2018年1月1日—2023年8月31日收录的有关第二产程超声测量AOP以预测分娩方式的中英文相关文献,由2名研究者根据纳入、排除标准筛选文献并提取资料,评估以经会阴超声于第二产程所测AOP预测分娩方式的价值;以诊断试验质量评价工具-2(QUADAS-2)评价纳入文献的质量。结果 最终纳入11篇研究、2 315名产妇。meta分析显示,在第二产程中以经会阴超声所测AOP预测分娩方式的合并敏感度(Sen)、合并特异度(Spe)、合并阳性似然比(+LR)、合并阴性似然比(-LR)及合并诊断比值比(DOR)分别为0.80[95% CI(0.76,0.83)]、0.83[95% CI(0.78,0.88)], 4.8[95% CI(3.5,6.6)], 0.24[95% CI(0.20,0.29)]及 20[95% CI(13,30)];其汇总受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.88。结论 在第二产程中以经会阴超声所测AOP预测分娩方式的效能较好,可作为能否自然分娩成功的预测指标。     

Effect of transvaginal sonography on the use of invasive procedures for evaluating patients with a clinical diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to determine the effect of transvaginal sonography (TVS) on the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy (EP). Specifically, we wished to determine what effect TVS had on the use of invasive procedures. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of the medical records of 290 patients with a surgically documented diagnosis of EP. It included 147 consecutive patients from the era of use of suprapubic sonography (SPS) (1982-1987) and 143 consecutive patients from the era of use of TVS (1987-1995). We compared the percentages of patients who had undergone sonographic examinations, the rates of use of the invasive procedures dilatation and curettage (D&C) and diagnostic laparoscopy (DL), time from presentation to diagnosis, necessity for transfusion, status of EP at surgery, and various other characteristics of the patients (eg, demographics, serum level of beta human chorionic gonadotropin, and presenting symptoms). RESULTS: In the SPS era, 46.9% of the patients had undergone sonography, compared with 78.3% in the TVS era (p = 0.001). Sonographic sensitivity was 60.9% in the SPS era and 93.8% in the TVS era (p = 0.001). D&C was performed in 53.1% and DL in 76.2% of patients in the SPS era, compared with 14.0% and 30.8%, respectively, in the TVS era (p = 0.001). In the last full year of the study, only 9% of the patients had undergone D&C and 9%, DL. The overall time from presentation to diagnosis significantly decreased from 45.6 hours in the SPS era to 16.8 hours in the TVS era (p = 0.002). We found no significant difference between the 2 eras in the need for transfusion and the percentage of ruptured EPs at surgery (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of TVS has had an important effect on the evaluation of patients with EP by nearly eliminating the need for D&C and DL and permitting clinicians to take a more conservative approach to managing EP.     

Cervical length in the early second trimester for detection of triplet pregnancies at risk for preterm birth.

OBJECTIVE: Preterm triplet delivery is common and has a tremendous impact on neonatal mortality and morbidity. We aimed at assessing early second-trimester cervical length as a means of detecting triplet pregnancies at risk for preterm birth. METHODS: Cervical length was measured in triplet pregnancies during weeks 14 to 20. Cervical length of less than 25 mm was used as a cutoff to divide individuals into 2 groups. Perinatal outcome parameters were compared between the 2 groups and included gestational age at delivery, birth weights, and neonatal intensive care unit admission rates. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for cervical length as a screening method for preterm birth. RESULTS: We evaluated 36 triplets during weeks 14 to 20. Cervical length of less than 25 mm was measured in 14 (group I), 12 of which were delivered before 32 weeks (mean +/- SD, 28.4 +/- 3.1 weeks). Four of 22 women with cervical length of greater than 25 mm (group II) had delivery before 32 weeks (mean, 30.1 +/- 1.8 weeks). The mean gestational age at delivery for all parturients from group II was 33.1 +/- 2.1 weeks (P < .05). Group I neonates had lower birth weights (972 versus 1889 g; P < .001) and higher rates of low 5-minute Apgar scores and neonatal intensive care unit admissions compared with group II neonates. The sensitivity of a shorter cervix as a predictor of preterm labor was 75%, with specificity of 90%, a positive predictive value of 83%, and a negative predictive value of 81%. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical length of less than 25 mm at 14 to 20 weeks' gestation is associated with preterm delivery and adverse perinatal outcome in triplet pregnancies.     

经阴道超声子宫输卵管声诺维造影的应用价值

目的探讨经阴道超声子宫输卵管声诺维(SonoVue)造影对判断输卵管通畅程度的临床应用价值。方法对68例临床诊断为不孕症的妇女经阴道超声行子宫输卵管SonoVue造影,实时动态观察SonoVue造影剂通过输卵管的情况。结果根据SnoVue造影的超声图像特点,68例不孕症患者中,双侧输卵管通畅43例(63.2%),双侧输卵管阻塞6例(8.8%),双侧输卵管通而不畅11例(16.2%),单侧不全梗阻或完全梗阻8例(11.8%)。结论经阴道超声行子宫输卵管SonVue造影能准确诊断输卵管是否通畅,同时具有简单、安全和实用的特点,可作为评价输卵管通畅程度的有效检查方法。