HGF及G-CSF诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为肝样细胞

目的 探讨肝细胞生长因子(HGF)以及粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)可否诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BM-MSCs)分化为肝样细胞.方法 以贴壁法分离、培养大鼠BM-MSCs,流式细胞术鉴定表面标志.实验分为:对照组(10％ FBS),0.1μmol/L G-CSF干预组,20 ng/mL HGF干预组,HGF联合G-CSF共同干预组(0.1μmol/LG-CSF+ 20 ng/mL HGF),诱导后第7天、14天和21天提取细胞总RNA以及总蛋白后进行RT-PCR和Western blot检测白蛋白(ALB)和甲胎蛋白(AFP)基因mRNA转录和蛋白水平.结果 20 ng/mL HGF干预组和HGF联合G-CSF共同干预组P3代BM-MSCs诱导后细胞形态似肝样细胞.BM-MSCs表面标志物:CD34-PE 0.3％,CD45-FITC0.1％,CD90-FITC 99.6％,CD105-PE 99.8％.20 ng/mL HGF干预组和HGF联合G-CSF共同干预组检测到白蛋白(ALB)和甲胎蛋白(AFP)基因mRNA转录水平及蛋白水平表达.在第7、14、21天,随时间增加ALB表达量递增、而AFP表达量递减,且同一时间两组表达量均有差异(P＜0.05).结论 HGF能诱导大鼠BM-MSCs分化为肝样细胞,G-CSF对HGF诱导大鼠BM-MSCs分化为肝样细胞有协同作用.     

人血管内皮生长因子165基因真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的：构建人血管内皮生长因子165（hVEGF165)的真核表达载体，并在大鼠骨髓基质细胞中进行表达。方法：利用基因克隆技术，将原核克隆载体pSP73中的目的基因VEGF165用BamHI和XhoI双酶切后，再克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1中，构建重组质粒pcDNA3.1-VEGF165。对重组质粒进行酶切分析和测序鉴定。通过脂质体介导，用重组质粒转染SD大鼠骨髓基质细胞，然后以G418筛选阳性克隆。用免疫细胞化学鉴定。结果：经酶切鉴定及基因测序证实，重组体中已插入目的基因片段VEGF165，免疫细胞化学证实，重组质粒转染的骨髓基质细胞中有VEGF165基因的表达。结论：成功地构建真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-VEGF165。并在骨髓基质细胞中得到表达，为将表达VEGF基因的骨髓基质细胞作为骨组织工程的种子细胞的可能性提供了实验依据。     

Chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in breast cancer as a potential predictive marker of isolated tumor cells in bone marrow

Interactions between the CXCR4 chemokine receptor in breast cancer cells and the ligand CXCL12/SDF-1α are thought to play an important role in breast cancer metastases. In this pilot study, CXCR4 expression along with other biomarkers including HER2-neu and EGFR, were measured in primary tumor samples of patients with operable breast cancer to test whether any of these biomarkers alone and in combination could indicate breast cancer with high likelihood of metastasizing to bone marrow. Cytokeratin (CK) positive cells in bone marrow were identified by flow-cytometry following enrichment with CK 7/8 antibody-coupled magnetic beads. Primary tumors (n = 18) were stained with specific antibodies for CXCR4, HER2-neu, EGFR, and PCNA using an indirect avidin–biotin horseradish peroxidase method. The majority of the patients had T2/T3 tumors (72%), or lymph node involvement (67%) as pathologic characteristics that were more indicative of high-risk breast cancer. High CXCR4 cytoplasmic expression was found in 7 of 18 patients (39%), whereas 6 of 18 patients (33%) were found to have CK positivity in bone marrow. The median number of CK⁺ cells was 236 (range, 20–847) per 5 × 10⁴ enriched BM cells. The presence of CK⁺ cells in bone marrow was found to be associated with increased expression of CXCR4 alone or in addition to EGFR and/or HER2-neu expression (P = 0.013, P = 0.005, and P = 0.025, respectively) in primary tumors. Furthermore, three patients with high CK positivity (>236 CK⁺ per 5 × 10⁴ enriched bone marrow cells) in bone marrow exclusively expressed high levels of CXCR4 with EGFR/HER2-neu (P = 0.001). Our data suggest that high CXCR4 expression in breast cancer may be a potential marker in predicting isolated tumor cells in bone marrow. CXCR4 coexpression with EGFR/HER2-neu might further predict a particular subset of patients with high CK positivity in bone marrow.     

骨形态发生蛋白9体外调节乳腺癌细胞与骨髓间充质干细胞的相互作用

 目的 观察骨形态发生蛋白9（BMP9）在共培养条件下对HS-5成骨分化及MDA-MB-231转移相关因子表达的影响。方法 采用Transwell小室间接共培养MDA-MB-231细胞与HS-5细胞,加入BMP9条件培养基,使用化学发光法、细胞化学染色法及茜素红S染色法分别检测HS-5细胞碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性、ALP表达及细胞钙盐沉积的变化;应用RT-PCR及Western blot观察HS-5细胞骨钙素（OCN）、MDA-MB-231细胞甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白（PTH-rP）及白细胞介素6(IL-6)mRNA和蛋白表达的变化。结果 HS-5的ALP活性升高,并呈时间依赖性,第9天达最高,随后降低;ALP细胞化学染色结果进一步证实这一点;HS-5细胞钙盐沉积增多、OCN mRNA和蛋白的表达升高（P<0.05）;MDA-MB-231转移相关的PTH-rP及IL-6 mRNA和蛋白的表达下降（P<0.05）。结论 BMP9能够调节乳腺癌细胞与骨髓间充质干细胞的相互作用。     

A murine model of bone marrow micrometastasis in breast cancer

Bone marrow (BM) is one of the most common sites and often the first clinical indication of metastatic progression of breast cancer. Multivariate analyses have shown that the presence of cytokeratin positive tumor cells in the marrow of women with newly diagnosed stage I, II or III breast cancer is an independent predictor of survival. The objective of this study was to develop an orthotopic model of spontaneous BM metastasis to facilitate studies of this process. A murine mammary adenocarcinoma cell line, Clone 66, was transduced with the neomycin resistance gene (Cl66^neo) and injected orthotopically into female Balb/c mice. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the neo gene performed on BM cells harvested from tumor bearing mice demonstrated as few as 10² injected tumor cells produced BM micrometastases at 4 weeks post-injection. Small foci of tumor cells were identified in the mammary fatpad (mfp) without gross evidence of primary tumors. Higher doses of tumor cells produced BM micrometastases, detectable by PCR, at one week post-injection. Constructs containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the neomycin resistance gene (neo) were also transduced into Clone 66 cells (Cl66-GFP^neo) and injected into the mfp. GFP transduced tumor cells were identified in multiple tissues in addition to BM by flow cytometric analysis (FACS) but less 13% of the animals developed gross metastases. This model is a clinically relevant tool for the analysis of organ specificity of metastasis. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向胆管上皮样细胞分化

背景：肝外胆管和胆囊上皮细胞的分离、纯化相对比较容易,但是胆管上皮细胞在体外易失去增殖能力,难以提供基础研究所需的细胞量,限制了胆管修复等基础研究的进程。虽然骨髓间充质干细胞可以转化为肝细胞,但是尚无体外培养骨髓间充质干细胞分化为胆管上皮细胞的报道。 目的：探讨体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为胆管上皮细胞的可行性。 方法：采取全骨髓贴壁筛选法体外分离并纯化大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞后,在第3代骨髓间充质干细胞培养基中加入肝细胞生长因子和表皮生长因子,倒置显微镜下观察骨髓间充质干细胞的形态学变化,免疫荧光检测不同时间CK19的表达情况。 结果与结论：在肝细胞生长因子和表皮生长因子的诱导下,骨髓间充质干细胞由梭形逐渐变为多边形、三角形;免疫荧光检查显示诱导第4周细胞膜开始表达CK19,诱导第6周CK19表达率明显提高。结果表明在两种细胞因子联合诱导下骨髓间充质干细胞能够转化为胆管上皮样细胞,从而为骨髓间充质干细胞修复损伤胆管提供了一个新思路。     

骨髓间充质干细胞向肝细胞转化的研究进展

骨髓间充质干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的特性,在体内特定的微环境中可向肝前体细胞及成熟肝细胞转化,明显改善肝功能;在体外通过肝细胞生长因子等诱导作用可转化为肝细胞样细胞,有望成为肝细胞移植或生物人工肝支持系统的新型种子细胞。就骨髓间充质干细胞向肝细胞的转化研究进行了阐述。     

基因转染骨髓间充质干细胞复合同种异体骨修复绵羊极限骨缺损

背景：多项体内外实验表明外源性植入碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能明显促进骨形成过程,但外源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在体内易降解,影响疗效。 目的：利用分子生物学技术将碱性成纤维细胞生长因子转染至骨髓间充质干细胞中,观察同种异体骨复合基因转染骨髓间充质干细胞修复绵羊极限骨缺损的效果。 方法：将同种异体骨复合碱性成纤维细胞生长因子转染骨髓间充质干细胞组织工程骨、骨髓间充质干细胞复合同种异体支架骨材料、同种异体支架骨材料、β-磷酸三钙材料分别植入羊髂骨极限缺损处,植入后4,8,12周行组织学、免疫组织化学染色观察。 结果与结论：同种异体骨复合碱性成纤维细胞生长因子转染骨髓间充质干细胞组织工程骨植入后12周,手术结合区成软骨样结构较多,术区中央可见大量成骨样细胞,整个术区的支架材料降解较其他组多,支架材料孔洞内爬满纤维结缔组织,材料周围常见破骨样细胞;骨涎蛋白与Ⅰ型胶原呈强阳性表达。其他3组手术结合区虽有成软骨样结构及成骨样细胞出现,但中央区为死骨结构,且骨涎蛋白与Ⅰ型胶原呈弱表达。表明碱性成纤维细胞生长因子转染的骨髓间充质干细胞复合同种异体骨可基本修复绵羊极限骨缺损。     

Antitumor activity of normal bone marrow cells

After separation of normal murine bone marrow cells in a Percoll density gradient cellular fractions with densities of 1.076 and 1.060 g/ml are capable of suppressing thein vitro growth of leukemia cells. The cytostatic activity of these fractions, however, does not surpass the level of antitumor antiproliferative activity intrinsic to intact bone marrow cells. These cells were found to be capable of joining the splenocytes, thymocytes, and lymph node cells in effector cytostatic cooperation and thus enhance the final antitumor effect. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 181–183, August, 1995     

Histomorphological study of cellular interactions between stromal and haemopoietic stem cells in normal and leukaemic bone marrow

The interactions between haemopoietic and stromal elements are crucial for stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The bulk of this evidence is derived from experiments in rodents and in-vitro culture studies. We have studied the spatial relationships between the stromal and haemopoietic components and their cellular composition in histological sections of bone marrow (BM) from seven healthy fetuses, 10 normal adults and over 60 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) at different stages of the disease. During the early developmental stage (16–18 weeks) fetal BM showed focal haemopoiesis with a characteristic spatial localization of haemopoiesis near bony trabeculae and around small blood vessels. In AML following the treatment-induced hypoplasia, large uniform unilocular fat cells arranged in groups designated ‘structured fat’ developed from scattered multilocular precursor fat cells. Early foci of haemopoietic regeneration were present almost exclusively in areas of structured fat. In the marrow of patients with CGL in blast transformation (BT) treated by intensive therapy and autografting with cryopreserved haemopoietic stem cells, the haemopoiesis was focal. Clusters of regenerating erythroid precursors or of megakaryocytes were seen in intimate contact with marrow sinusoids and granulopoietic precursors in intimate association with small blood vessels and also in close contact with the endosteal surface of bony trabeculae. We conclude that the endosteal cells, fat cells and the vascular endothedial cells comprise the critical non-haemopoietic stromal elements of human BM. The close associations observed between the regenerating haemopoietic cells and the stromal cells provide strong evidence in support of the existence of a permissive haemopoietic micro-environment in man and emphasize the structural and functional interrelationships that exists between bone, fat, the microvascular system and haemopoiesis in human bone marrow.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞来源HGF对肝星状细胞DR5及Caspase-8表达的影响*

 目的:观察大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)来源的肝细胞生长因子（HGF）对原代肝星状细胞(HSCs)死亡受体-5(DR5)及Caspase-8的影响,初步探讨BMSCs来源HGF在促进HSCs凋亡中的部分作用机制。方法:贴壁法培养及纯化SD大鼠BMSCs,使用第3-4代细胞进行实验;复苏大鼠原代HSCs及传代,应用6孔培养板,每孔使用(Transwell insert)半透膜建立双层细胞共培养体系,常规培养24h、48h、72h。实验分为4组:A组:空白对照组; B组:BMSCs+HSCs共培养组; C组: TNF-a预处理组及D组:HGF-ShRNA干扰组。酶联免疫吸附法（Elisa）检测各组上清液中HGF及TRAIL的浓度;用流式细胞仪Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡;分别使用荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)、Western blot检测各组HSCs内DR5、Caspase-8mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果：1. Elisa法检测结果示:TNF-a预处理组的HGF浓度明显高于BMSCs组及空白对照组（P<0.01）;BMSCs组中TRAIL的浓度明显高于空白对照组及TNF-a预处理组（P<0.01）;2. Annexin-V-FITC/PI双染法检测凋亡结果示：TNF-a预处理组HSCs的凋亡率明显高于其它3组（P<0.01）且呈时间依赖性;HGF-ShRNA干扰组中HSCs的凋亡率低于共培养组,较空白对照组高二者比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）。3. FQ-PCR、Western blotting结果示共培养组及TNF-a预处理组HSCs的DR5、Caspase-8mRNA及蛋白表达量明显高于空白对照组及HGF-ShRNA干扰组（P<0.01）。 结论： BMSCs与HSCs共培养后促进HSCs的凋亡,其可能与BMSCs来源HGF能上调HSCs的DR5及Caspase-8的表达有关。     

Hypoxia increases VEGF-A production by prostate cancer and bone marrow stromal cells and initiates paracrine activation of bone marrow endothelial cells

Hypoxia develops at sites of rapid cancer growth near sites of poorly organized vasculature. Heparin binding growth factors (HBGFs) support neoangiogenesis of tumors. We examined the effect of culturing bone-targeted, metastatic C4-2B prostate cancer cells and bone stromal derived HS27a cells under hypoxic conditions on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members. A sealed chamber infused with 1% (hypoxic) or 20% (normoxic) O(2) was used. Both cell lines produced VEGF-A in normoxia, but little or no HB-EGF, another HBGF. HS27a cells produced low levels of FGF-2 and HGF, but little or none was secreted by C4-2B cells. Levels of VEGF-A in conditioned medium (CM) from both cell lines doubled when cultured in hypoxia. Similar changes in VEGF-A mRNA levels were seen. Receptor expression was unchanged by hypoxia. Changes in VEGF-A expression during hypoxia were preceded by nuclear accumulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). Bone marrow endothelial (BME) cells express high levels of VEGFR2/flk-1, and are targets of VEGF-A induced neovascularization. BME cells proliferated in response to treatment with HS27a CM, but not C4-2B CM. BME cells formed tube-like angiogenic structures on growth factor reduced Matrigel in response to CM from HS27a or C4-2B cells. This response was greater when CM was produced under hypoxia, and was reduced by VEGF-A or FGF-2 neutralizing antibodies. We conclude that hypoxia triggers a physiologically relevant increase in VEGF-A by prostate cancer and bone marrow stromal cells which involves a paracrine loop that recruits and activates BME to support tumor neovascularization-related processes.     

Amelogenin expression in long bone and cartilage cells and in bone marrow progenitor cells

The amelogenin protein is considered as the major molecular marker of developing ectodermal enamel. Recent data suggest other roles for amelogenin beyond structural regulation of enamel mineral crystal growth. Here we describe our novel discovery of amelogenin expression in long bone cells, in cartilage cells, in cells of the epiphyseal growth plate, and in bone marrow stromal cells. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Effect of platelet growth factors on proliferation of guinea pig bone marrow and splenic stromal precursor cells and proliferation of cultural descendants from bone marrow precursor cells

Elimination of platelets from guinea pig splenocyte suspension (laking megakaryocytes) with EDTA considerable reduces the efficiency cloning of splenic stromal precursor cells. It means that platelet-derived growth factors are necessary for stromal precursor cells from different organs (bone marrow, thymus, and spleen). The dependence on the platelet growth factors can vary within a wide range in descendants from cultured bone marrow precursor cells (passaged bone marrow fibroblasts at different stages of differentiation.     

联合应用血管内皮生长因子及血小板衍生生长因子BB干预骨髓间充质干细胞的血管化及增殖能力

背景：组织工程骨为修复极限骨缺损提供了新的选择,但只有先形成完善的功能性血管网,保证稳定的成骨和骨整合,才能取得良好的治疗效果。因此,血管化可以说是组织工程骨面临的最大挑战与难题。 目的：探讨体外联合应用血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和血小板衍生生长因子BB(platelet-derived growth factor-BB,PDGF-BB)对骨髓间充质干细胞增殖和成血管能力的影响。 方法：体外分离培养SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,分别用不同质量浓度VEGF(20,40,60,80,100,120 μg/L)、PDGF-BB(20,40,60,80,100,120 μg/L)联合干预以及100 μg/L VEGF单独干预、100 μg/L PDGF-BB单独干预,CCK-8实验检测2种细胞因子促进细胞增殖的最佳质量浓度,然后在第7天和第14天通过RT-PCR方法检测血管生成素1、缺氧诱导因子1α、肝细胞生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子等相关成血管基因的表达量。 结果与结论：①加入生长因子后,细胞增殖能力明显提高,联合作用效果更优,最佳组合为80 μg/L VEGF+   80 μg/L PDGF-BB;②VEGF、PDGF-BB都可以促进血管生成素1、缺氧诱导因子1α、肝细胞生长因子和胰岛素样生长因子的mRNA表达,联合应用时效果最佳;③缺氧诱导因子1α、肝细胞生长因子 mRNA表达随时间延长有所升高,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);而血管生成素1、胰岛素样生长因子 mRNA表达量随时间延长有所降低,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④体外实验结果证明,当VEGF和PDGF-BB质量浓度均为80 μg/L时,能够持续稳定促进整个血管形成过程,且促进作用优于单独一种生长因子。ORCID: 0000-0003-1918-579X(何惠宇) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

直肠癌短程放疗联合序贯化疗所致急性骨髓抑制的相关因素分析

目的：探究局晚期直肠癌患者短程放疗联合序贯化疗过程中临床及物理因素对急性骨髓抑制的影响。方法：回顾性分析2016年1月～2021年4月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院肿瘤科接受短程放疗联合序贯化疗的局晚期直肠癌患者45例。应用单、多因素分析方法探讨临床因素(患者性别、年龄、肿瘤临床分期、放疗技术)及物理因素(盆骨性结构及其子区域V₅、V₁₀、V₁₅、V₂₀、V₂₅、D_mean、D_max)对急性骨髓抑制的影响,使用岭回归法排除物理参数之间的多重共线性,使用受试者工作特征曲线界定阈值。结果：全组≥2级急性骨髓抑制发生率为40%(18/45)。单因素分析显示,全骨盆V₁₀、腰骶骨V₁₀、V₂₅均对≥2级急性骨髓抑制有显著影响(P<0.05),多因素分析发现腰骶骨V₁₀是≥2级急性骨髓抑制的独立高危因素(P<0.05),受试者工作特征曲线分析其阈值为...