直接旋磨和球囊预扩旋磨治疗冠状动脉钙化病变的对比研究

目的:评价直接旋磨处理冠状动脉钙化病变的效果。方法:回顾性分析2010-04至2014-09我院行冠状动脉旋磨治疗的冠心病患者137例,其缺血相关病变均为钙化病变。根据旋磨前是否进行球囊扩张,分为直接旋磨组81例和预扩旋磨组56例。比较两组术中操作特征,术中即刻并发症,及患者院内和术后1年累积主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)发生率。结果:与预扩旋磨组比,直接旋磨组支架前使用球囊数量低(P=0.000)、最大后扩压力高(P=0.004)。直接旋磨组术中并发症显著低于预扩旋磨组(14.8%vs 32.1%,P=0.016);且术后即刻管腔获得率显著高于预扩旋磨组[(128.52±75.77)%vs(77.12±27.01)%,P=0.004]。与预扩旋磨组相比,直接旋磨组有较低的1年MACCE事件发生率(7.3%vs 23.6%,P=0.006)。Cox回归分析:冠状动脉旋磨处理钙化病变1年MACCE事件的主要相关因素为旋磨前球囊扩张[风险比(HR)=8.166,95%可信区间(CI):1.872~35.614,P=0.005]、左主干病变(HR=13.649,95%CI:2.983~62.440,P=0.001)、术后最小管腔面积(HR=0.583,95%CI:0.378~0.879,P=0.010)、后扩(HR=0.066,95%CI:0.013~0.332,P=0.001)、射血分数大于40%(HR=0.019,95%CI:0.002~0.158,P=0.000)。结论:直接旋磨有较低的1年MACCE事件发生率。这一获益可能与直接旋磨可以进行有效球囊扩张、减少术中并发症、并获得足够的管腔面积有关。     

冠状动脉旋磨术联合药物涂层球囊治疗冠状动脉严重钙化病变的疗效

目的:探索冠状动脉(冠脉)旋磨术(RA)联合药物涂层球囊(DCB)治疗严重冠脉钙化病变的疗效。方法:连续入选2018年5月—2021年7月就诊于郑州大学第一附属医院因冠脉严重钙化行RA的患者318例，根据不同治疗方案分为RA/DCB组(57例)和RA/药物洗脱支架(DES)组(261例)。比较两组一般临床资料、冠脉病变特征、术中并发症、院内不良事件、随访期间主要心脑血管不良事件(MACCE)发生率。结果:两组基线临床资料、术中并发症、院内不良事件均差异无统计学意义。RA/DES组较多合并左主干病变、分叉病变、弥漫性病变等复杂解剖类型(均P<0.05)。随访期间RA/DES组MACCE(18.77%vs.12.28%)及靶病变血运重建(13.79%vs.7.02%)发生率较RA/DCB组升高，但差异无统计学意义。多因素Cox回归分析显示，分叉病变(HR=2.284,95%CI:1.063～4.908,P=0.034)、植入物总长度(HR=1.023,95%CI:1.005～1.047,P=0.014)、SNYTAX评分(HR:1.047,95%CI:1.013～1.082,P=0....     

旋磨与球囊预扩张治疗冠状动脉重度钙化病变的疗效分析

目的研究旋磨与球囊预扩张后植入药物支架对治疗冠状动脉钙化病变的疗效。方法选取接受PCI治疗的冠状动脉重度钙化患者,按随机数字表法分为行旋磨术后支架植入(旋磨组,32例)和球囊预扩张支架植入(对照组,40例),对其进行前瞻性随机对照研究,比较两组治疗特征、围手术期并发症,分析6个月内主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)的危险因素。结果旋磨组平均支架直径显著大于对照组[3.25(3.00,3.50)mm比3.00(2.81,3.25)mm,P=0.002]。旋磨组球囊预扩张次数、预扩张最大压力、球囊后扩张次数和后扩张最大压力均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。旋磨组术后管腔直径大于对照组[(3.34±0.28)mm比(3.15±0.27)mm,P=0.005]。旋磨组手术即刻成功率(96.9%)大于对照组(92.5%),总MACCE发生率(9.4%)低于对照组(22.5%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PCI手术史[危险比(RR)为1.155(95%CI 0.030~0.691,P=0.015)]及球囊预扩张最大压力[危险比(RR)为2.326(95%CI 0.721~0.988,P=0.035)]是6个月内MACCE发生的独立危险因素。结论SYNTAX评分为23~32分的冠状动脉重度钙化病变,旋磨术有提高手术即刻成功率、降低短期不良事件的趋势,PCI手术史、球囊预扩张最大压力是6个月内MACCE发生的独立危险因素。     

冠状动脉腔内旋磨术联合药物洗脱支架治疗极度严重钙化病变的短中期疗效

目的: 评价冠状动脉腔内旋磨术联合药物洗脱支架术治疗极度严重钙化病变的短中期疗效。方法: 对12例极度严重钙化病变常规经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)失败或预期不能实施的冠心病患者实施冠脉内旋磨并植入药物洗脱支架,观察其治疗的即刻疗效及6个月的随访结果。结果: 冠脉内旋磨术的12例患者,其中8例常规PCI治疗失败:2例球囊无法通过病变,3例球囊不能扩张,3例球囊扩张后支架无法通过;4例极度严重钙化预期不能实施常规PCI治疗,12例患者均成功实施冠脉内旋磨术,3例新发生夹层形成,3例出现慢血流,旋磨后11例以低压［小于6 atm(1 atm=101.325 kPa)］充分扩张病变,仅1例需高压（28 atm）扩张病变, 1例在术中发生心原性休克,植入主动脉内球囊反博(IABP)后完成手术;无1例发生冠脉穿孔、死亡、急性心肌梗死及急诊冠脉旁路移植术(CABG),所有病例支架均顺利通过病变并 实施扩张术。对12例患者进行了术后6个月的冠脉造影随访,有1例发生支架内再狭窄。结论: 对常规介入治疗失败或预期难以实施常规介入治疗的极度严重钙化病变,冠脉内旋磨预处理后均能完成支架植入术,旋磨后植入药物洗脱支架短中期疗效良好。     

直接旋磨及补救旋磨治疗重度钙化冠状动脉病变的对比研究

目的对比研究直接旋磨及补救旋磨治疗重度冠状动脉钙化病变的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析自2012年5月至2015年7月在上海市胸科医院及聊城市人民医院行冠状动脉旋磨术联合药物洗脱支架置入术58例患者,包括直接旋磨组27例、补救旋磨组31例。比较两组患者术前一般临床资料、病变及手术特征,术中并发症,住院期间及1年随访期主要不良心脑血管事件(main adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events,MACCE)发生情况。结果两组患者一般基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);但直接旋磨组患者既往PCI比例显著大于补救旋磨组(33.3%比12.9%,P=0.039),差异有统计学意义。两组患者病变特点及手术特征比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);但直接旋磨组球囊使用数[2(1,2)枚比3(1,5)枚,P0.001]、术后肌钙蛋白峰值[0.5(0.1,2.3)μg/L比1.1(0.3,3.0)μg/L,P=0.032]均小于补救旋磨组,差异均有统计学意义。两组患者PCI成功率、术中并发症发生率、死亡率、住院期间MACCE发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);1年随访期MACCE发生率比较,差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论本研究表明在接受旋磨术联合药物洗脱支架置入术的重度冠状动脉钙化病变患者中,补救旋磨与直接旋磨的安全性及有效性相当。     

旋磨术联合切割球囊成形术治疗冠状动脉重度钙化病变

目的血管内超声评价旋磨术联合切割球囊成形术治疗冠状动脉重度钙化病变的安全性及有效性。方法收集冠状动脉造影及血管内超声检查确认至少1处病变为高度钙化,并行旋磨术处理的冠心病患者80例,根据是否使用切割球囊分为单纯旋磨组34例和旋磨联合切割组46例。患者在支架置入前及置入后均行血管内超声检查,评价支架置入效果。结果单纯旋磨组与旋磨联合切割组最大钙化弧度分别为(215.88±21.81)°vs(226.55±21.59)°,钙化长度比为(0.72±0.06)vs(0.78±0.05),支架置入前最小管腔面积为(2.52±0.07)mm2 vs(2.46±0.09)mm2,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。支架置入后,旋磨联合切割组最小支架面积(6.12±0.37)mm2和即刻管腔获得面积(3.66±0.34)mm2,单纯旋磨组分别为(5.42±0.24)mm2和(2.90±0.24)mm2,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.016)。2组术中并发症的发生比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在冠状动脉重度钙化病变中,使用旋磨术联合切割球囊成形术可以获得更好的支架置入后效果。     

冠状动脉旋磨术联合药物洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉严重钙化病变的临床研究

目的:评价冠状动脉旋磨术(rotational atherectomy,ROTA)联合药物洗脱支架(drug eluting stent,DES)治疗冠状动脉严重钙化病变的疗效及中期随访结果。方法:对2009-01至2011-02连续的24例冠心病患者严重钙化病变行ROTA加DES治疗,其中经股动脉路径14例,经桡动脉路径10例,观察其旋磨特点、即刻造影成功率、临床成功率、院内事件发生率和平均随访12个月(6～24个月)的结果。结果:行ROTA的患者均为美国心脏病学会/美国心脏病协会(AHA/ACC)B2/C型严重钙化病变。旋磨头均成功通过狭窄病变,并完成DES置入术,91.7%(22/24)的病例最后使用≤1.5 mm旋磨头通过钙化病变,总成功率为100%,术中仅1例发生慢血流和心动过缓,院内无非Q波心肌梗死发生,无冠状动脉穿孔、急诊冠脉旁路移植术及死亡发生。随访期间无主要心脏不良事件(MACE)。结论:选用直径较小的旋磨头改变钙化病变的血管的顺应性后,可以顺利完成DES植入术,中期效果满意。     

旋磨联合支架治疗老年患者冠状动脉严重钙化的临床特点分析

目的评估冠状动脉旋磨联合药物洗脱支架的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析因冠状动脉严重钙化行旋磨介入治疗的患者18例,分析手术即刻成功率、住院期间及心血管事件随访情况。结果 18例经造影证实为冠状动脉严重钙化,旋磨靶血管中左主干+左前降支2例(11.1%),左前降支13例(72.2%),左回旋支2例(11.1%),右冠状动脉1例(5.6%)。术中需主动脉球囊保护1例(5.6%),冠状动脉夹层2例(11.1%),慢血流1例(5.6%)。8例患者在血管内超声指导下进行,手术前后管腔最小直径、最小直径狭窄率、管腔有效面积分别为[(2.06±0.38)mmvs(4.00±0.76)mm,(73.26±7.02)%vs(16.25±5.18)%,(4.53±1.50)mm2 vs(12.54±6.19)mm2,P=0.000]。随访期间无心绞痛再发、急性心肌梗死、心源性猝死、靶血管再次血运重建事件发生。结论旋磨联合药物洗脱支架治疗严重钙化病变可以去除或减轻钙化斑块、增大管腔,提高严重钙化病变介入治疗成功率。     

冠状动脉旋磨术在冠心病钙化病变介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨冠状动脉旋磨术治疗冠状动脉钙化病变的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析12例行冠状动脉旋磨术结合冠状动脉球囊成形术和支架植入术的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者的临床资料,着重分析手术方法、手术成功率、术后随访主要心血管事件(包括心源性死亡、心肌梗死、靶病变血运重建)的发生率。结果 12例患者共有16处钙化病变,有15处钙化病变行冠状动脉旋磨术,管腔狭窄由术前的87%±10%减少至42%±9%,结合冠状动脉球囊成形术,共植入18枚国产药物支架,手术成功率为93.75%(15/16)。1例因血管严重扭曲,球囊扩张后出现冠状动脉夹层,植入支架失败,建议行外科冠状动脉旁路移植术。术中均无主要并发症(包括心源性死亡、Q波心肌梗死、急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术)发生。所有患者随访(8.4±3.6)个月,有2例再发心绞痛,无主要心血管事件(包括心源性死亡、心肌梗死、靶病变血运重建)发生。5例患者复查冠状动脉造影,有1例出现支架内再狭窄30%。结论冠状动脉旋磨术联合球囊扩张和支架植入术治疗冠状动脉钙化病变可取得很高的手术成功率,是治疗钙化病变安全、有效的方法。     

斑块旋磨术联合药物洗脱支架置入术治疗冠状动脉弥漫性严重钙化病变的近期效果分析

目的探讨斑块旋磨术联合药物洗脱支架置入术治疗冠状动脉弥漫性严重钙化病变的手术安全性和近期效果。方法回顾性分析2011年1月1日至2016年5月31日在北京大学人民医院因冠状动脉严重钙化病变行斑块旋磨术联合药物洗脱支架置入术的109例冠心病患者,共114处病变,其中28例患者在术中行血管内超声检查。按钙化病变的长度分为弥漫性钙化病变组(钙化病变长度≥25 mm,68例、72处病变)和局限性钙化病变组(钙化病变长度25 mm,41例、42处病变)。分析两组患者病变及手术特点、手术成功率、并发症及住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE,包括心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死和支架内血栓形成)的发生情况。结果弥漫性钙化病变组钙化病变长度[(38.2±11.0)mm比(15.0±4.9)mm,P0.001]、旋磨次数[(6.17±1.61)次比(4.02±1.20)次,P0.001)]、置入支架数[(2.31±0.78)枚比(1.60±0.70)枚,P0.001]显著大于局限性钙化病变组,差异有统计学意义;与局限性钙化病变组相比,弥漫性钙化病变组手术即刻成功率(98.5%比100%,P=0.453)、并发症发生率(41.2%比34.1%,P=0.673)、住院期间MACE发生率(41.2%比31.7%,P=0.484)相当,差异均无统计学意义。结论注意手术操作的规范性、采取恰当的措施预防和处理术中并发症,可以安全地对冠状动脉弥漫性严重钙化病变进行斑块旋磨术并置入药物洗脱支架,手术即刻成功率及近期效果满意。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.