帕金森病睡眠障碍与非运动症状的相关性研究

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)患者睡眠障碍与非运动症状的相关性。方法 535例PD患者先用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评测,并分为睡眠障碍组249例和非睡眠障碍组286例。分别用一般情况调查表、统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)、Hoehn-Yahr分级、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HMDS)、疲劳严重度量表和简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)等对患者进行评分。结果睡眠障碍组较非睡眠障碍组更易出现便秘(67.5%vs 48.3%)、疲劳(79.1%vs 44.4%)、嗅觉减退(35.7%vs 23.8%)、排尿障碍(50.6%vs 11.5%)、头晕(45.4%vs 26.9%)等症状(P<0.01);睡眠障碍组各量表评分高于非睡眠障碍组[HMDS评分(16.96±10.57)分vs(9.77±7.55)分、UPDRS-Ⅰ(2.59±2.05)分vs(1.56±1.47)分、UPDRS-Ⅱ(11.27±5.81)分vs(8.63±4.51)分、UPDRS-Ⅲ(23.30±12.87)分vs(19.02±11.37)分、UPDRS总分(42.35±20.80)分vs(32.83±17.33)分,P<0.01]。2组患者Hoehn-Yahr分级、MMSE评分比较无显著差异,且其他非运动症状比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。多元logistic回归分析显示,便秘、疲劳、抑郁、排尿障碍、头晕、UPDRS-Ⅲ是PD患者伴发睡眠障碍的危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论睡眠障碍是PD患者常见的非运动症状,其与便秘、疲劳、抑郁、排尿障碍、头晕等非运动症状显著相关。     

普拉克索治疗帕金森病合并不宁腿综合征的疗效

目的 观察普拉克索治疗帕金森病(PD)合并不宁腿综合征(RLS)的临床疗效及安全性.方法 将61例PD合并RLS患者随机分为两组,治疗组31例予普拉克索治疗12w,对照组30例予氯硝西泮治疗12w,中重度RLS患者在两组均有23例.观察两组治疗前后RLS严重程度评定量表(RLSRS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)的变化,治疗后行临床总体印象改善量表(CGI-I)评价;治疗期间观察不良反应发生情况.结果 普拉克索组在减轻症状方面[RLSRS:7.16 ±3.03 vs.17.25±5.02,CGI-I评估:显著进步15例vs.5例,进步11例vs.6例,疗效显著者(显著进步+进步)83.9％ vs.36.7％]较对照组有显著性差异(P＜0.01);改善睡眠较对照组更有效(PSQI:9.62±1.13 vs.10.98±2.46),不良反应率低(12.9％vs.43.3％),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 普拉克索能有效控制PD合并RLS的症状,且无明显不良反应.     

帕金森病患者睡眠障碍相关因素的分析

目的探讨帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)患者睡眠障碍的相关因素。方法对96例PD患者(PD组)和98例年龄、性别相匹配对照者(对照组)进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PQSI)、爱泼沃斯思睡量表的问卷调查。结果有63.54%的PD患者总体睡眠质量差,睡眠质量差者病程长、Hoehn和Yahr(H&Y)分期高、统一PD评定量表-运动检查(UPDRS-Ⅲ)指数高、左旋多巴的应用和剂量大以及抑郁发生率高;多因素logistic回归显示睡眠质量与H&Y分期、UPDRS-Ⅲ评分、左旋多巴的应用和剂量显著相关。有梦魇的PD患者H&Y分期高、UPDRS-Ⅲ评分高以及服用苯海索剂量大。PD患者有日间过度思睡者年龄大、病程长、H&Y分期高、UPDRS-Ⅲ指数高、PQSI分值高以及左旋多巴的剂量大;多因素logistic回归显示日间过度思睡与H&Y分期、UPDRS-Ⅲ评分以及PQSI分值显著相关。结论PD患者的睡眠状况与年龄、疾病的严重程度以及抗PD药物的使用和剂量相关。     

帕金森病患者疲劳与睡眠障碍的相关性研究

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)患者疲劳是否与睡眠障碍有相关性。方法应用疲劳严重度量表(FSS)测评120例PD患者的疲劳症状,并将其分为疲劳组(57例)和非疲劳组(63例)。使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评价患者睡眠情况。比较疲劳组与非疲劳组患者睡眠障碍及各亚型间疲劳和睡眠的差异。结果 47.5%的患者存在疲劳。疲劳组与非疲劳组比较,年龄、性别、起病年龄、病程、简易智能状态检查量表评分均无显著差异(P>0.05)。PQSI评分疲劳组高于非疲劳组[(7.26±3.79)分vs(4.71±3.21)分],差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。2组入睡时间及夜间睡眠障碍评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。疲劳组昼间思睡评分显著高于非疲劳组[(2.87±1.30)分vs(1.49±1.00)分],差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。Spearman相关分析显示2组患者FSS和PSQI评分具有相关性(r=0.401,P<0.05)。PD患者各亚型间疲劳发生率及睡眠障碍等比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论疲劳和睡眠障碍均是PD患者的独立非运动症状。PD疲劳与睡眠障碍具有相关性。     

普拉克索与氟西汀治疗帕金森病合并抑郁症的随机平行对照研究

目的 评价普拉克索对帕金森病患者抑郁症状的疗效及安全性. 方法 对门诊50例帕金森病合并抑郁症患者随机接受普拉克索或氟两汀治疗12周,不同时间点进行疗效和安全性评估. 结果 普拉克索组和氟西汀组患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分均呈下降趋势;12周末HAMD总评分较基线下降50%的患者比例普拉克索组为56.0%,氟西汀组为48.0%,(χ~2=0.321,P>O.05);12周末HAMD总评分低于或等于8分(治愈标准)的患者比例普拉克索组为52.0%,氟西汀组为32.0%,组间差异均无统计学意义(χ~2=2.053,P>0.05).普拉克索组患者12周末统一帕金森评定量表(UPDRS)第Ⅱ部分与第Ⅲ部分评分分别较基线下降了(2.9±3.7)分(t=2.366,P<0.05)分和(7.2±5.1)分(t=2.654,P<0.05);Spearman相关分析提示,12周末HAMD评分变化值与UPDRS-Ⅱ和UPDRS-Ⅲ的评分变化值之间无相关性.符合方案人群分析结果与以上一致,但12周末达治愈标准的患者比例普拉克索组明显高于氟西汀组(χ~2=5.021,P<0.05).普拉克索组与氟西汀组患者不良反应主要为轻度头晕和消化道症状,不良反应发生频率组间差异无统计学意义.结论普拉克索用于帕金森病合并抑郁症的治疗是安全而有效的.     

快步走改善阿尔茨海默病患者睡眠障碍的疗效观察

目的探讨快步走对阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者睡眠障碍的治疗效果。方法入选2015年12月至2016年12月北京老年医院精神心理二科收治的72例轻、中度AD患者,随机分为对照组(常规治疗)和运动组(常规治疗+快步走),每组各36例,对照组维持原有的生活习惯,采用常规药物进行治疗;运动组在常规治疗的基础上,进行每日≥60 min、≥3次/周的快步走。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)对睡眠障碍严重程度进行评估,以PSQI减分率评定疗效。采用SPSS 13.0统计软件对数据进行分析,根据数据类型,组间比较采用配对样本t检验、独立样本t检验或χ2检验。结果治疗12周后,运动组PQSI总分及睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、日间功能障碍得分较治疗前均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且与对照组相比亦显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组仅PQSI总分较治疗前下降[(15.53±3.33)vs(14.94±3.53)分],差异有统计学意义(P0.05),余各因子得分变化不明显。运动组总有效率高于对照组[55.6%(20/36)vs 19.4%(7/36);P0.05]。结论快步走辅助常规治疗可有效改善AD患者的睡眠障碍。     

维生素D联合右佐匹克隆治疗老年慢阻肺合并睡眠障碍疗效及对认知功能的保护作用研究

目的 探讨维生素D联合右佐匹克隆治疗老年慢阻肺合并睡眠障碍疗效及对认知功能的保护作用。方法 收集140例老年慢阻肺合并睡眠障碍患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组70例。对照组给予右佐匹克隆治疗,研究组给予维生素D联合右佐匹克隆治疗。采用匹茨堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评估睡眠质量。采用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估认知功能。比较两组睡眠障碍临床疗效、睡眠监测指标、PSQI评分、认知功能和神经营养因子水平。结果 研究组睡眠障碍治疗总有效率高于对照组(92.8%vs 80.0%,P<0.05)。睡眠监测指标显示,研究组治疗后总睡眠时间长于对照组[(371.77±27.22)min vs(334.71±28.80 min)],觉醒时间和觉醒次数少于对照组[(32.51±3.89) min vs(46.88±7.32) min,(1.36±0.51)次vs(3.11±0.77)次,P<0.05)]。治疗前、治疗后1月和治疗后3月时,不同时间点PSQI评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组与对照组PSQI评分变化趋势差异有统计...     

上海地区老年痴呆患者睡眠障碍特点

目的探讨上海地区老年痴呆(AD)患者睡眠障碍的临床特征,并分析AD患者合并睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(SAS)的睡眠结构特点。方法 AD患者50例为AD组及同期健康体检的老年人50例作为对照组,两组分别进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PQSI)量表、爱泼沃斯思睡量表(ESS)、睡眠日志、多导睡眠检测等项目。结果 AD组与对照组PQSI量表及ESS评分均有统计学差异(P<0.05),两组睡眠障碍指标:入眠困难、尖叫、片段睡眠、夜间躁动、不宁腿综合征(RLS)、阻塞性SAS(OSAS)有统计学差异(P<0.05),而睡眠障碍指标梦靥两组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。AD组合并SAS与未合并SAS组相比,睡眠总时间(SPT)减少,S1占SPT百分比减少;对照组中合并SAS与未合并SAS组相比,S1及SPT百分比减少而S2则增加(P<0.05)。结论 SAS可能加重AD患者和正常老年人睡眠结构障碍,而AD患者加重更明显。     

帕金森病患者睡眠的特点及影响因素

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)相关睡眠障碍的临床特点和影响因素。方法选择PD患者133例(PD组),健康体检者51例(对照组),用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表(ESS)和多导睡眠图监测2组的睡眠情况。PD组又根据睡眠情况分为睡眠障碍组75例,无睡眠障碍组58例。PD组给予Hoehn-Yahr分期、左旋多巴等效剂量、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA-14),简易智能状态检查量表、帕金森病睡眠量表2(PDSS-2)、8项帕金森病生活质量问卷(PDQ-8)、慢性疼痛评估,以观察PD相关睡眠障碍的影响因素。结果与对照组比较,PD组PSQI、ESS、觉醒次数、N1睡眠期、周期性肢体运动指数明显增加,慢波睡眠明显减少[(8.87±8.68)%vs(15.10±8.57)%,P=0.003]。睡眠障碍组Hoehn-Yahr分期、PDSS-2、ESS、HAMD-17、HAMA-14、慢性疼痛、PDQ-8评分较无睡眠障碍组明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。Hoehn-Yahr分期、HAMD-17评分和疼痛是PD患者睡眠障碍的影响因素。结论伴有睡眠障碍的PD患者昼间思睡更严重,更容易出现抑郁、焦虑,更多的伴发疼痛且生活质量更低。     

多系统萎缩P型与帕金森病认知功能特点的临床研究

目的探讨多系统萎缩(MSA)-P型与帕金森病(PD)的临床特征和认知功能损害的异同。方法连续选择MSA-P型和PD患者共55例,根据诊断分为MSA-P组19例和PD组36例。详细收集年龄、病程、教育年限、统一PD评分量表第3部分(UPDRS-Ⅲ)及日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)评分等,用简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、韦氏智力及记忆力等进行神经心理评估,并进行比较分析。结果 MSA-P组的ADL及UPDRS-Ⅲ评分均显著高于PD组[(31.74±10.56)分vs(16.39±4.18)分;(43.79±16.99)分vs(28.72±15.14)分,P<0.05]。2组MMSE、MoCA总分比较,无统计学差异[(26.32±3.13)分vs(27.50±2.52)分;(20.42±5.00)分vs(22.56±4.80)分,P>0.05]。MSA-P组操作量表分及韦氏记忆量表分低于PD组[(30.32±9.91)分vs(37.28±9.09)分;(54.53±23.14)分vs(76.28±22.97)分,P<0.05];图形排列、积木测试和理解记忆评分低于PD组[(5.79±2.12)分vs(7.22±1.69)分;(6.16±3.06)分vs(8.17±2.78)分;(5.53±2.74)分vs(7.75±2.99),P<0.05]。结论 MSA-P型患者运动功能及日常生活能力恶化较PD快;其总体认知功能受损与PD类似,但执行功能、视空间和记忆力等的认知损害较PD严重。     

Mental disorders in patients with obesity in comparison with healthy probands

OBJECTIVE: Findings concerning the association of obesity and mental disorders are inconsistent. The present epidemiological study investigates adjusted 4-week, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence rates of mental disorders in obese individuals compared with physically healthy probands and overweight individuals. Correlates of the associations are examined. METHODS: Prevalence rates were calculated from two large epidemiological surveys from both the general population of Germany and inpatient centers. The surveys investigated subjects with obesity (n=910) and overweight (n=1550), as well as physically healthy probands (n=495). The prevalence rates were based on the Munich-composite international diagnostic interview, a standardized interview for the assessment of mental disorders. Correlates of mental disorders in obese individuals were assessed using self-report questionnaires and medical examinations. RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratios (OR) of obese inpatients and obese patients from the general population were significantly elevated in comparison with healthy probands for the 4-week (OR: 2.2; 2.3), 12-month (OR: 1.8; 2.7) and lifetime (OR: 1.4; 2.0) periods. Prevalence rates of overweight individuals were below those of obese individuals. Mood, anxiety and somatoform disorders were most frequent. In particular, sex, marital status and comorbid musculoskeletal diseases proved to be correlates of an increased risk for mental disorders in obese individuals. The presence of comorbid mental disorders was associated with significantly increased health care use and lower quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong relationship between obesity and mental disorders. A future task is to improve care of mental disorders in patients with obesity.     

Changes in coagulation parameters with exercise in patients with classic hemophilia

Vigorous exercise is known to increase VIII:C and VIIIR:Ag levels transiently in normal individuals. Although exercise programs are frequently advocated in the management of hemophilia, the effects of exercise on coagulation parameters in these patients have not been well studied. Eleven hemophiliacs were exercised on a bicycle ergometer to maximum voluntary effort as evidenced by an increase in pulse, blood pressure, and plasma catecholamine (norepinephrine and epinephrine) levels. The effects of this exercise on coagulation parameters, including functional and antigenic components of the factor VIII molecule, were determined. The entire group demonstrated a decrease in mean prothrombin time (11.7 to 11.2 sec). Four mild hemophiliacs demonstrated an increase in mean VIII:C (14.5% to 17.3%), and VIII:CAg (12% to 17.8%). Changes in VIII:C and VIII:CAg were not noted in the seven severe hemophiliacs. Both severe and mild patients demonstrated significant changes in fibrinogen, factor II, and factor VII after exercise. This study indicates that submaximal exercise modifies coagulation parameters in patients with hemophilia.     

Therapy with budesonide in patients with refractory sprue

INTRODUCTION: Refractory sprue (RS) is a rare malabsorption syndrome, which often requires long-term corticosteroid treatment. Locally acting budesonide could replace systemic corticosteroid therapy and reduce toxicity in patients with RS. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of budesonide in patients with RS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical and histological data from patients with RS who received budesonide were analyzed. RS was defined as villous atrophy and malabsorption in spite of a strict gluten-free diet persisting for >6 months or requiring earlier therapeutic intervention. RESULTS: We identified 9 patients (1 with autoimmune enteropathy, 4 with RS type I without and 3 with RS type II with signs of early T cell lymphoma and 1 with CD4-positive sprue-like intestinal T cell lymphoma), who received 9 mg/day of budesonide (range 6-12) for 24 months (1-60), and 7 of whom had an initial treatment with 40 mg/day of prednisolone (30-60) for 4 months (1-144). The initial body mass index was 18 (13.1-22.8) and increased similarly under prednisolone [21.5 (14.9-26.7), p < 0.05] and budesonide therapy [21 (18-27.2), p < 0.05]. The stool frequency per day also decreased similarly from 6 (2-8) to 2 (1-3) and 2 (1-5), each p < 0.05, under prednisolone and budesonide therapy, respectively. Two patients with RS type II did not respond and 7, including all 4 with RS type I, were clinically stable with budesonide therapy. Skin fragility in 1 patient was the only adverse effect of budesonide therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Budesonide may be an effective treatment option in patients with RS type I, which can stabilize the clinical condition similar to prednisolone.     

Gammagraphy with sucralfate labelled with technetium in esophagitis

In previous studies it has been reported that, after being labeled with technetium, sucralfate, an useful drug in peptic diseases, can be used to detect peptic lesions of the digestive tract. In this work we report our experience with this technique in the diagnosis of esophagitis. 25 studies (11 controls and 14 patients) were undertaken. Sucralfate scintigraphy was normal in the 11 control studies, and abnormal in 10 out of 14 patients. Scintigraphy was abnormal in peptic as well as caustic lesions.     

Polymyositis-like syndrome with rhabdomyolysis in association with brucellosis

Diffuse myositis with progression to rhabdomyolysis has been reported in association with wide range of viral infections. We report a case of polymyositis-like syndrome complicated by rhabdomyolysis secondary to brucellosis. This case report thus contributes yet another atypical presentation to a disease already infamous for its protean manifestations.     

Metabolic remission with octreotide in patients with insulinoma

Abstract. Objectives . The efficacy of octreotide was studied in a group of patients with biochemical evidence of insulinoma. Design . A phase-II study Setting . A university department of internal medicine. Subjects . Seven patients with biochemical evidence of insulinoma and without metastatic lesions. Intervention . Daily treatment with octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, mainly within the dosage of 100–300 μg day^-1. The treatment was continued in patients with biochemical evidence of response or until surgery was undertaken. Main outcome . Five patients avoided hypoglycaemic symptoms and had normalization of blood glucose values for a median of 15+ months (range 0.2–54 months). Two did not improve metabolically. The treatment was well tolerated and had no deleterious effects on blood glucose regulation. Conclusion . Octreotide seems to be a promising treatment for many of the patients with insulinoma who are not suitable for surgery.