不同病理学类型的腹膜后脂肪肉瘤患者的预后分析及临床评价

背景与目的 腹膜后脂肪肉瘤是一种罕见的软组织肉瘤,其发病率低,预后差,治疗手段有限,不同病理学类型之间患者的预后差异较大,缺少针对该类患者的大样本临床研究证据,临床个体化治疗方案制定困难。本研究旨在探讨不同病理学类型腹膜后脂肪肉瘤患者预后的影响因素,并分别探讨手术、放射、化疗在他们中的应用价值。方法 从SEER数据库提取1975—2016年期间经病理学确诊且有完整随访记录的腹膜后脂肪肉瘤患者资料,根据纳入和排除标准严格筛选病例,依据ICD-O-3分为高分化脂肪肉瘤、去分化脂肪肉瘤、黏液样/圆细胞脂肪肉瘤、多形性脂肪肉瘤、混合脂肪肉瘤5类,比较不同病理学类型患者间肿瘤特异生存（CSS）和总生存（OS）的差异,并分析患者CSS与OS的影响因素。结果 共纳入2 296例腹膜后脂肪肉瘤患者,其中,高分化脂肪肉瘤917例,去分化脂肪肉瘤847例,黏液样/圆细胞脂肪肉瘤302例,多形性脂肪肉瘤135例,混合脂肪肉瘤95例。中位随访42个月（IQR：13~90个月）。估算的5年OS分别为高分化脂肪肉瘤74.99%（95% CI=71.65%~78.01%）、去分化脂肪肉瘤42.83%（95% CI=38.87%~46.73%）、黏液样/圆细胞脂肪肉瘤50.13%（95% CI=47.02%~58.86%）、多形性脂肪肉瘤34.69%（95% CI=26.39%~43.11%）、混合脂肪肉瘤57.67%（95% CI=46.43%~67.37%）,Log-rank检验显示,组间差异有统计学意义（χ²=211.54,P<0.000 1）。估算的5年CSS分别为高分化脂肪肉瘤87.98%（95% CI=85.23%~90.25%）、去分化脂肪肉瘤57.78%（95% CI=50.46%~61.85%）、黏液样/圆细胞脂肪肉瘤64.99%（95% CI=58.64%~70.62%）、多形性脂肪肉瘤46.02%（95% CI=36.22%~55.25%）、混合脂肪肉瘤67.33%（95% CI=55.71%~76.53%）,Log-rank检验显示,组间差异有统计学意义（χ²=227.92,P<0.000 1）。不同病理学类型Cox多因素分析显示,年龄是各病理学类型患者预后的独立影响因素（均P<0.05）。在高分化组脂肪肉瘤患者中,根治性和非根治性手术均能提高OS（根治性：HR=0.42,95% CI=0.19~0.92,P=0.031;非根治性：HR=0.40,95% CI=0.18~0.88,P=0.023）和CSS（根治性：HR=0.32,95% CI=0.16~0.63,P=0.001;非根治性：HR=0.23,95% CI=0.12~0.44,P=0.001）;化疗会降低患者的OS（HR=2.29,95% CI=1.54~3.40,P<0.001）和CSS（HR=3.55,95% CI=2.16~5.83,P<0.001）。在去分化脂肪肉瘤患者中,根治性和非根治性手术均能提高OS（根治性：HR=0.25,95% CI=0.18~0.35,P<0.001;非根治性：HR=0.34,95% CI=0.24~0.47,P<0.001）和CSS（根治性：HR=0.22,95% CI=0.15~0.33,P<0.001;非根治性：HR=0.31,95% CI=0.21~0.45,P<0.001）;放疗能提高CSS（HR=0.75,95% CI=0.57~0.99,P=0.043）;化疗会降低OS（HR=1.33,95% CI=1.05~1.69,P=0.018）和CSS（HR=1.64,95% CI=1.24~2.18,P=0.001）。放疗能提高黏液样/圆细胞脂肪肉瘤患者的OS（HR=0.66,95% CI=0.47~0.92,P=0.015）和CSS（HR=0.54,95% CI=0.34~0.84,P=0.007）。结论 年龄是影响不同病理学类型腹膜后脂肪肉瘤患者预后的独立危险因素。腹膜后脂肪肉瘤患者的治疗,应以病理学分类为导向制定个体化治疗方案。手术切除是高分化和去分化脂肪肉瘤最佳适应证。对于手术方式的选择,应综合评价患者全身情况。在高分化脂肪肉瘤患者中R₀切除不是必须的,R₁切除或者局部治疗（包括微波、射频等）也能达到提高患者OS和CSS的作用。而对于去分化脂肪肉瘤,则应争取达到R₀切除。放疗是黏液样/圆形细胞脂肪肉瘤的最佳适应证,同时也是去分化脂肪肉瘤患者治疗手段的重要补充。在高分化和去分化病理学类型中,化疗会增加患者的死亡风险。     

神经旁浸润阳性胃癌患者的临床特征与预后分析

背景与目的 神经旁浸润（PNI）是胃癌局部外侵转移的生物学特性之一,其临床价值尚未得到重视。本研究旨在探讨胃癌伴发PNI的临床病理特征以及PNI对胃癌患者预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2011年6月—2016年12月期间施行开腹根治性胃切除手术的543例胃癌患者的临床病理资料。根据癌组织PNI结果,胃癌患者分为PNI阳性组和PNI阴性组,比较两组在临床病理指标上的差异。应用倾向评分匹配法均衡两组与预后相关的基本资料变量,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,采用Cox风险回归模型分析与PNI阳性胃癌患者术后生存相关的危险因素。结果 全组胃癌患者中PNI阳性率21.18%（115/543）。匹配前两组的肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、细胞分化程度、肿瘤TNM分期、脉管侵犯、手术切除范围及术后辅助化疗等方面差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;匹配后,PNI阳性组56例,PNI阴性组98例,两组患者基线资料均衡（均P>0.05）。PNI阳性组的总生存时间（OS）明显短于PNI阴性组（中位OS：19个月vs. 49个月,P=0.002）;亚组分析显示,TNM I~II患者中,PNI阳性对OS无明显影响（P=0.432）,但明显缩短III期患者的OS（中位OS：18个月vs. 2个月,P<0.001）。在PNI阳性患者中,术后辅助化疗对I~II期患者的OS无明显影响（P=0.975）,但能明显延长III患者的OS（中位OS：18个月vs. 2个月,P<0.001）。单因素分析结果提示年龄（P=0.008）、TNM分期（P=0.034）和术后辅助化疗（P=0.006）与PNI阳性胃癌患者术后预后紧密相关;多因素分析发现TNM分期处于III期（HR=2.591,95% CI=1.291~5.198,P=0.007）、未进行术后辅助化疗（HR=0.345,95% CI=0.184~0.649,P=0.001）是影响PNI阳性胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素。结论 PNI阳性胃癌患者的预后明显差于PNI阴性胃癌患者,其对预后的影响在TNM III期患者中尤为明显。积极的术后辅助化疗有助于改善该类胃癌患者的预后。     

系统免疫炎症指数与胃癌患者预后关系的Meta分析

背景与目的 系统性免疫炎症指数（SII）一种新的炎症和预后标志物,但其与胃癌患者预后之间的关系仍有争议。因此,本研究通过系统评价和Meta分析评估SII与胃癌患者预后的关系,以为临床决策提供循证医学证据。方法 检索PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、Cochrane Library数据库,收集SII与胃癌患者预后关系的队列研究,检索时间均为建库至2020年7月28日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入文献的偏倚风险,采用Stata 12.0件进行数据分析。结果 共纳入12项回顾性队列研究,包括7 244例患者。Meta分析结果显示,较高水平SII的胃癌患者总生存期（OS）与无病生存期（DFS）/无复发生存期（RFS）均缩短（HR=1.28,95% CI=1.16~1.41,P<0.001;HR=1.34,95% CI=1.06~1.70,P=0.013）。根据国家、治疗方案、样本量进行的亚组分析结果显示,较高水平SII均与OS缩短有关（均P<0.05）。SII达临界值600或以上时,较高水平SII与OS缩短有关（HR=1.56,95% CI=1.34~1.80,P<0.001）,但SII在临界值600以下时,SII与OS无明显关系（P>0.05）。研究时间≥6年时,较高水平SII与OS缩短有关（HR=1.65,95% CI=1.21~2.25,P<0.001）,但研究时间<6年时,SII与OS无明显关系（P>0.05）。此外,较高水平SII患者的TNM分期晚（OR=2.45,95% CI=1.75~3.44,P<0.001）、淋巴结转移风险高（OR=1.72,95% CI=1.27~2.32,P<0.001）、肿瘤体积大（OR=2.45,95% CI=1.75~3.44,P<0.001）、分化程度较差（OR=2.45,95% CI=1.75~3.44,P<0.001）。结论 SII可作为胃癌患者的预后标志物,较高水平SII的胃癌患者可能预后不良。受所纳入的研究数量与质量限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。     

年龄与三阴性乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后的关系

背景与目的 年龄与乳腺癌的发病、肿瘤生物学行为及预后密切相关,是临床决策的重要参考因素。不同年龄反映了患者的不同生理状态,由于三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）缺失激素受体属于激素非依赖性,年龄是否影响该类患者的诊疗决策和预后有待研究。本研究旨在探讨诊断年龄与TNBC患者临床病理特征、治疗策略及预后的关系。方法 从美国SEER数据库中提取2010—2016年经病理诊断为I~III期的TNBC患者的病例资料,根据患者乳腺癌的诊断年龄将病例划分为18~39岁、40~49岁、50~59岁、60~69岁及≥70岁5组,比较各年龄组间的临床病理特征及治疗差异,采用多因素Cox比例风险模型分析年龄与患者的乳腺癌特异生存（BCSS）的关系并计算风险比（HR）和95%置信区间（CI）。结果 30 576例TNBC纳入分析,中位年龄57岁（IQR：48~67岁）,其中18~39岁3 007例（9.83%）、40~49岁6 071例（19.86%）、50~59岁8 097例（26.48%）、60~69岁7 176例（23.47%）和≥70岁6 225例（20.36%）。各年龄组患者间的诊断年份、种族、婚姻状态、肿瘤TNM分期、病理类型、组织学分级、手术治疗及是否放化疗的分布差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。随着诊断年龄的增加,肿瘤T分期和N分期呈现降低,组织学分级更好,治疗保乳率更高而化疗率更低。中位随访32个月（IQR：15~54个月）,乳腺癌相关死亡3 482例（11.39%）,各年龄段患者间的BCSS率差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。单因素Cox比例风险模型分析结果显示,患者的诊断年龄、种族、婚姻状态、肿瘤T分期、淋巴结分期、肿瘤TNM分期、病理类型、组织学分级、手术治疗及放疗与BCSS明显有关（均P<0.05）,化疗与BCSS无明显关系（P=0.284）。多因素Cox模型的校正分析结果显示,18~39岁（HR=1.00,95% CI=0.88~1.13,P=0.990）、40~49岁（HR=0.95,95% CI=0.85~1.06,P=0.330）和50~59岁（HR=1.03,95% CI=0.93~1.14,P=0.597）患者的BCSS与60~69岁患者比较差异无统计学意义,而年龄≥70岁患者的BCSS较60~69岁患者差（HR=1.56,95% CI=1.41~1.74,P<0.001）。在不同诊断年份、TNM分期、手术方式和放化疗状态的亚组人群中,年龄与BCSS的关系基本相似。结论 TNBC患者的诊断年龄与预后存在相关性,高龄（≥70岁）是患者的不良预后因素,而18~69岁患者的预后基本相似。     

机器人辅助胃癌根治术后腹腔感染的危险因素及预后分析

背景与目的 腹腔感染是胃癌根治术后常见的并发症,但目前有关机器人辅助胃癌根治术后发生腹腔感染的影响因素及相关预后研究报道较少。本研究旨在分析和探讨机器人辅助胃癌根治术后发生腹腔感染的危险因素及预后,以期为临床提供参考。方法 回顾甘肃省人民医院普外一科2017年1月—2021年3月行机器人辅助胃癌根治术的262例胃癌患者临床资料,分析患者术后腹腔感染的发生情况及其影响因素,以及术后腹腔感染对患者治疗结局与预后的影响。结果 在262例患者中,14例（5.34%）术后发生腹腔感染,感染原因分别为腹腔脓肿12例（4.58%）、横结肠瘘1例（0.38%）、胰瘘1例（0.38%）;Clavien-Dindo分级包括II级9例（3.44%）,IIIa级4例（1.53%）,IIIb级1例（0.38%）。单因素分析结果显示,体质量指数（BMI）、术前白蛋白、术前贫血、肿瘤直径、术中联合脏器切除、术中出血量、pTNM分期、N分期、肿瘤淋巴血管侵犯、神经侵犯和术后第3天中性粒细胞百分比（NEUT%）与机器人辅助胃癌根治术后发生腹腔感染有关（均P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,BMI<18.5 kg/m²（OR=11.160,95% CI=2.289~54.410,P=0.003）、术前白蛋白<30 g/L（OR=6.612,95% CI=1.630~26.820,P=0.008）、术中联合脏器切除（OR=5.236,95% CI=1.068~25.661,P=0.041）、肿瘤淋巴血管侵犯（OR=8.151,95% CI=1.771~37.52,P=0.007）和术后第3天NEUT%（OR=1.208,95% CI=1.069~1.366,P=0.003）是机器人辅助胃癌根治术后患者发生腹腔感染的独立危险因素。对术后第1、3、7天NEUT%行ROC曲线分析,结果表明,术后第3天NEUT%诊断术后腹腔感染的AUC（0.805）最大,其最佳截断值为82.65%,敏感度为71.4%,特异度为84.7%。与无术后腹腔感染的患者比较,有感染患者术后首次通气时间、首次进流食时间、术后1~7 d腹腔引流量、腹腔引流管拔除时间、术后住院时间及住院总费用均明显增加（均P<0.05）。生存分析结果显示,术后腹腔感染患者的总生存率低于无腹腔感染患者（45.4% vs. 67.8%,P=0.046）。结论 对于有以上危险因素的患者,在行机器人辅助胃癌根治术后要积极预防腹腔感染的发生,从而促进患者术后恢复、改善患者术后生存。术后第3天NEUT%对于预测机器人辅助胃癌根治术后腹腔感染有一定的价值。     

lncRNA NEAT1与消化系统恶性肿瘤预后及临床病理特征关系的Meta分析

背景与目的 长链非编码RNA核富集转录本1（lncRNA NEAT1）在多种实体肿瘤中表达失调并与不良预后密切相关,但其与消化系统恶性肿瘤患者预后之间关系仍不明确。因此,本研究通过系统评价及Meta分析探讨lncRNA NEAT1对消化系统恶性肿瘤患者预后的影响及其与临床病理特征之间的关系。方法 在线检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国知网和万方数据库,检索时间均从建库至2021年10月18日,收集公开发表的关于lncRNA NEAT1表达与消化系统恶性肿瘤患者预后或临床病理特征之间关系的队列研究,由2名研究者根据纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选并提取相关数据,采用Stata 12.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 最终共纳入20项研究,2 031例消化系统恶性肿瘤患者。纳入研究的NOS评分均在6~9分之间,其中16项研究报道了总体生存率（OS）,5项研究报道了无病生存率（DFS）,19项研究报道了临床病理学特征。Meta分析结果显示：NEAT1高表达的消化系统恶性肿瘤患者OS（HR=1.66,95% CI=1.41~1.97,P<0.001）和DFS（HR=2.0,95% CI=1.51~2.65,P<0.001）均低于NEAT1低表达或不表达患者。根据生存分析方法、NEAT1表达截取值、样本量和随访时间进行亚组分析结果显示,NEAT1高表达患者的OS均明显降低（均P<0.05）。此外,临床病理特征分析结果显示：较高水平的NEAT1患者的肿瘤直径更大（OR=2.20,95% CI=1.73~2.79,P<0.001）、临床分期更晚（OR=3.10,95% CI=1.95~4.92,P<0.001）、淋巴结转移（OR=1.94,95% CI=1.30~2.90,P=0.001）及远处转移的风险更高（OR=2.58,95% CI=1.88~3.54,P<0.001）,其与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤分化程度及脉管浸润之间无明显关系（均P>0.05）。结论 lncRNA NEAT1高表达是消化系统恶性肿瘤的不利预后因素,且与不良临床病理特征密切相关,有望作为消化系统恶性肿瘤病情监测及预后判断的重要参考指标。     

加速康复外科对腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者肿瘤细胞免疫、炎症因子及应激激素的影响

背景与目的 加速康复外科（ERAS）对外科手术患者的益处已被证实,但是,ERAS对胃癌根治术患者细胞免疫功能及应激反应在分子水平上的影响仍鲜见报道。本研究探讨ERAS理念和措施对腹腔镜胃癌根治术患者肿瘤细胞免疫、炎症因子及应激激素的影响。方法 纳入2018年1月—2020年12月行腹腔镜胃癌根治术胃癌患者90例,分为ERAS组（43例）和对照组（47例）。ERAS组患者接受ERAS理念行围手术期管理,对照组患者行传统围手术期管理。比较两组在一般资料（性别、年龄、BMI、ASA体格情况评估分级、TNM分期、肿瘤大小）,手术相关指标（手术方式、吻合方式、手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数）及术后指标（术后下床活动时间、术后肛门首次排气时间、住院时间及术后并发症）的差异。比较两组患者术后1 d及术后7 d两组患者外周血中肿瘤正向免疫调控细胞（CD3⁺CD4⁺T细胞、CD3⁺CD8⁺T细胞、CD16⁺CD56⁺NK细胞）;负向免疫调控细胞［中性粒细胞型骨髓源性抑制细胞（G-MDSC）、单核细胞型骨髓源性抑制细胞（M-MDSC）、T-调节细胞（Treg）］及调节性B细胞（Breg）细胞数量百分比,以及两组患者术前及术后24 h应激指标皮质醇（COR）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、肾上腺素（EPI）及炎症因子C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）水平的差异。结果 ERAS组与对照组在性别、年龄、BMI、ASA分级、TNM分期、肿瘤大小、手术方式、吻合方式、手术时间、术中出血量及淋巴结清扫数方面差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。ERAS组术后下床活动时间和术后肛门首次排气时间均早于对照组（25.01 h vs. 37.01 h,P=0.000;74.51 h vs. 135.31 h,P=0.000）,ERAS组住院时间短于对照组（7.01 d vs. 9.81 d,P=0.000）。ERAS组总术后并发症率小于对照组（9.3% vs. 19.1%,P=0.027）。在术后1 d及7 d,ERAS组CD3⁺CD4⁺T细胞、CD3⁺CD8⁺T细胞、CD16⁺CD56⁺NK细胞所占百分比高于对照组,而G-MDSC、M-MDSC和Treg细胞及Breg细胞所占百分比均低于对照组（均P<0.05）。两组术前COR、ACTH、EPI以及CRP、IL-6水平差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）,术后24 h,ERAS组以上指标的水平均低于对照组（均P<0.05）。结论 围手术期采用ERAS理念行腹腔镜下胃癌根治术可降低手术创伤对机体细胞免疫的干扰,促进肿瘤正向免疫调节同时抑制负向免疫调控,减轻炎症和应激反应。     

胃体癌切除范围对预后影响的临床研究

目的：探讨胃体癌切除范围对预后的影响。方法：回顾性分析2003年4月―2008年4月157例行胃体癌根治性手术患者的临床资料和随访资料,其中行全胃切除术的患者104例（全胃组）,行远端胃次全切除术53例（远端胃组）,对比两组的5年生存率,分析胃体癌预后的独立影响因素。结果：全组患者5年生存率为37.6%,其中全胃组、远端胃组5年生存率分别为24.0%、64.2%,全胃组明显低于远端胃组（χ2=10.635,P=0.001）;为消除两组术前基线资料的差异,将TNM分期分层对比的结果显示,低TNM分期患者中,远端胃组生存率明显高于全胃组（P<0.05）,而高TNM分期患者中,两组生存率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。COX回归模型分析结果显示,TNM分期（HR=1.270,95% CI=1.093~2.344）、肿瘤分化程度（HR=1.764,95% CI=1.372~2.746）是胃体癌预后的独立影响因素（均P<0.05）, 而切除范围（HR=0.547,95% CI=0.320~1.076）不是胃体癌预后的独立影响因素（P>0.05）。结论：手术切除范围并非胃体癌预后的独立影响因素,在保证根治性的前提下远端胃次全切除术是更为适宜的术式。

     

腹壁化疗港在胃癌腹膜转移NIPS化疗应用中的安全性分析

背景与目的 临床实践结果证实,针对胃癌腹膜转移患者进行腹腔内联合全身性化疗（NIPS）的疗效明显优于传统单纯全身性化疗。为了安全有效的进行腹腔内化疗,必须对腹壁化疗港进行合适的操作和管理。本研究探讨胃癌腹膜转移患者留置腹腔化疗港在进行腹腔化疗过程中存在的并发症及防治措施。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月—2020年6月行腹壁化疗港置入术行NIPS的胃癌患者临床资料,总结置入腹壁化疗港后出现的并发症、引起原因及处理措施。结果 共1 634例胃癌患者进行腹腔镜探查联合腹腔脱落细胞学检测,结果发现腹膜转移者（P₁CY₁）137例（8.38%）,腹腔脱落细胞学阳性（P₀CY₁）189例（11.57%）。326例患者术中均置入腹壁化疗港,术后进行腹腔内化疗的中位时间为11.6（0.9~26.3）个月。全组患者共出现与腹壁化疗港相关并发症共有57例（17.48%）,其中以感染（5.21%）和导管折曲（2.15%）最为常见,其次是导管移位（1.84%）、港腔血肿（1.84%）、切口裂开（1.53%）、皮下硬结（1.23%）、导管阻塞（1.23%）、导管断裂（0.61%）、液体外渗（0.61%）、港座翻转（0.61%）、港腔种植转移（0.61%）。腹壁化疗港置入时间和出现并发症之间的中位间隔为5.4（0.3~13.4）个月。单因素分析发现,患者年龄、是否合并糖尿病、术者经验、术前是否贫血及低蛋白血症均是影响术后并发症发生的相关因素（均P<0.05）。多因素分析显示,经验<30例的术者（OR=8.317,95% CI=2.023~11.883,P=0.008）是影响腹壁化疗港置入患者术后出现相关并发症的独立危险因素。结论 腹壁化疗港在胃癌腹膜转移NIPS化疗中的应用是安全可行的,但引起并发症应引起重视,应就不同的并发症采取相应的预防和治疗策略,而具有丰富经验的专科术者是保障腹壁化疗港置入患者顺利渡过围术期的关键因素。     

胃癌根治术联合SOX方案辅助化疗治疗进展期胃癌的疗效与安全性

背景与目的 胃癌根治术后辅助化疗对延长患者术后生存时间方面具有一定的效果,但采用常用的化疗方案仍有相当一部分患者疗效欠佳,且毒副反应明显。有研究认为奥沙利铂+替吉奥组成的SOX方案可明显降低化疗毒副作用,故本研究探讨进展期胃癌患者根治性手术后采用SOX方案行辅助性化疗的效果与安全性。方法 选择2015年1月—2017年12月马鞍山市人民医院收治的72例进展期胃癌患者为观察对象,采用前瞻性随机研究方法,依据随机数字表法分为对照组与试验组,每组36例,均接受根治性手术治疗;对照组患者采用多西他赛、顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶（DCF方案辅助化疗）,试验组给予SOX辅助化疗方案（奥沙利铂+替吉奥）辅助性化疗。对比两组患者血清肿瘤标记物水平、毒副反应、无进展生存率、总生存率及生存时间。结果 在化疗前,试验组和对照组的血清CA125、CA19-9、CA72-4水平差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;化疗后,两组患者的血清CA125、CA19-9、CA72-4水平较化疗前均降低（均P<0.05）,且试验组的血清CA125、CA19-9、CA72-4水平低于对照组（均P<0.05）;在化疗前,试验组和对照组的KPS评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;化疗后,两组患者的KPS评分较化疗前均升高（均P<0.05）,且试验组的KPS评分高于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组和对照组在化疗中的白细胞减少、血小板减少、腹泻、外周神经毒性、肝肾功能损害程度差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;试验组的恶心呕吐程度低于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组和对照组的3年无进展生存率、3年总生存率差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;试验组的无进展生存时间（18.0个月）高于对照组（12.0个月）（P<0.05）;试验组的总生存时间（21.0个月）与对照组（17.0个月）比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 进展期胃癌患者根治性手术后采用SOX方案行辅助性化疗较DCF方案更有利于改善患者的肿瘤标记物水平及KPS评分,并能延长无进展时间。     

肝细胞癌中miR-574-5p的表达与作用及其与预后的关系

背景与目的:研究表明,miR-574-5p与多种肿瘤预后密切相关,但尚未见miR-574-5p与肝细胞癌(HCC)的关系报道.因此,本研究初步探讨miR-574-5p在HCC中表达及其与患者预后的关系.方法:用qRT-PCR检测130例HCC与癌旁组织及HCC细胞系(HepG2、MHCC-97H)与正常肝细胞系(L-0...     

Prognostic significance of postoperative in-hospital complications in elderly patients. I. Long-term survival

To determine the impact of in-hospital postoperative complications on long-term survival, we prospectively studied consecutive patients > or = 70 yr of age undergoing noncardiac surgery. Potential clinical risk factors were measured and evaluated for their association with the occurrence of long-term postoperative mortality. Long-term survival was determined by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate correlates of survival were analyzed with the Cox proportional hazards model. The survival of the study group was also compared with the age- and gender-matched general United States population. Five hundred seventeen patients who survived the initial hospitalization were studied. The mean follow-up duration was 28.6 +/- 12.8 mo. One hundred sixty-four of 517 patients (31.7%) were deceased at the time of follow-up. A history of cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.78-3.38, P < 0.0001), ASA physical status >II (HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.61-3.21, P < 0.0001), neurologic disease (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.13-2.24, P = 0.008), age (HR 1.42 per decade, 95% CI 1.11-1.81, P = 0.005), postoperative pulmonary complications (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.30-4.48, P = 0.005), and renal complications (HR 6.07, 95% CI 2.23-16.52, P < 0.0001) were significant independent predictors of decreased long-term survival. Compared with the United States population, patients with complications had a greater increase in mortality risk in the first 3 mo after surgery (HR 7.3 versus general population) than those without complications (HR 2.9, P = 0.023). An effort to improve perioperative care delivery to elderly surgical patients must include measures to minimize in-hospital postoperative complications, particularly those involving the pulmonary and renal systems.     

Racial disparities in treatment and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States

Background

While the incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continue to increase across the United States (US), disparities may exist relative to treatment modality and survival. The objective of the present study was to determine the factors associated with racial differences in survival among patients with HCC in the US.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify patients with HCC between 1998 and 2012 in the US. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine associations between type of therapy and race, while a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was built to determine the effect of race on survival.

Results

A total of 58,186 patients with HCC were identified. Over two-thirds of patients were white (n=39,223, 67.4%), while 18.3% were Asian (n=10,665), 13.1% black (n=7,620) and 1.2% native American (n=678). In comparison to other racial groups, Asian patients with HCC tended to be older [white vs. black vs. native American vs. Asian: median age: 63 years, interquartile range (IQR), 55-73 vs. 59 years, IQR, 53-66 vs. 59 years, IQR, 53-69 vs. 64 years, IQR, 55-73, P<0.001] and were diagnosed with larger tumors (white vs. black vs. native American vs. Asian: median tumor size: 4.8 cm, IQR, 3.0-8.0 vs. 5.1 cm, IQR, 3.1-8.7 vs. 4.8 cm, IQR, 3.0-7.3 vs. 5.5 cm, IQR, 3.1-9.0, P<0.001). Asian patients were also less likely to present with concomitant cirrhosis (white vs. black vs. native American vs. Asian: 81.8% vs. 77.7% vs. 83.2% vs. 69.1%, P<0.001) while elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein more were often noted among black patients (white vs. black vs. native American vs. Asian: 25.5% vs. 14.9% vs. 22.2% vs. 21.8%, P<0.001). Compared to other racial groups, Asian patients were most likely to receive any form of treatment (white vs. black vs. native American vs. Asian: 29.2% vs. 25.2% vs. 27.6% vs. 34.4%, P<0.001). In particular, after controlling for potential confounders, Asian patients demonstrated the greatest odds of undergoing surgery (OR: 1.48, 95% CI, 1.13-1.95, P=0.01). The median overall survival (OS) was 11 months with the worst prognosis noted among black patients. After accounting for disease and patient factors, Asian patients demonstrated the lowest risk for death [hazard ratio (HR): 0.76, 95% CI, 0.66-0.87, P<0.001] while no differences were noted in the risk of death among other racial groups (all P>0.05).

Conclusions

Significant racial differences were noted in presentation, treatment and survival among patients with HCC. Further research is necessary to better understand socio-demographic and biological factors driving racial disparities in care. Future policies should aim to improve access to care among racial/ethnic minorities.     

Prognostic significance of indeterminate lung nodules in renal cell carcinoma

ObjectivesMany patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are found to have lung nodules at the time of diagnosis. The significance of these nodules is unclear. This study sought to determine whether the presence of indeterminate lung nodules affects survival for patients with early-stage RCC.Methods and materialsA retrospective review was performed of patients with stages I to III RCC at an academic hospital who underwent nephrectomy between 2001 and 2006 and had baseline imaging available for review. Presence of lung nodule(s) was determined, along with patient and disease characteristics. The time from diagnosis to last known follow-up, metastasis, and death were determined. The study follow-up period extended to July 2012. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models assessed disease-free and overall survival.ResultsOf 548 patients, 240 met the inclusion criteria. Lung nodules were absent in 148 and present in 92 cases. Disease-free survival was associated with the presence of nodules (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.04–3.46; P = 0.0362), tumor stage (stage II—HR = 5.61; 95% CI: 2.69–11.72; P<0.001 and stage III—HR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.21–5.10; P = 0.0129) and tumor grade (HR = 2.43 for grades 3 or 4; 95% CI: 1.31–4.53; P = 0.005). The number and size of nodules were not associated with survival. Overall survival was associated with Charlson comorbidity score (HR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.15–1.47; P<0.0001) and primary tumor size (HR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.14–1.46; P<0.0001) but not the presence of lung nodules (HR = 1.73; 95% CI: 0.83–3.60; P = 0.1454).ConclusionsThe presence of indeterminate lung nodules had a negative effect on disease-free survival. Stage and grade were also significant. These findings underscore the importance of baseline imaging and vigilant surveillance of patients in whom nodules are identified.     

Whether histologic subtyping affect the oncological outcomes of patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundWhether the histologic subtype (type 1 and type 2) of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is a tool to predict the prognosis is of great debate. This study is aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of histologic subtype in patients with pRCC after surgery through a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched PubMed, the Web of Science, Cochrane library and EMBASE databases to identify studies published until January 20, 2021 according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies were deemed eligible if they compared the overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) or disease-free survival (DFS) between patients with type 1 or type 2 pRCC. And the corresponding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% conference intervals (CIs) were collected for meta-analysis and further subgroup analysis.ResultsOverall 22 studies with a total of 4,494 patients were considered eligible and included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that type 2 pRCC was associated with a worse OS (pooled HR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.10–2.36, P=0.02) and CSS (pooled HR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.00–2.51, P=0.05). However, the subgroup analysis yielded the same result as the initial analysis only when the HRs were extracted from univariate analysis. In studies with multivariate analysis, type 2 pRCC was not statistically associated with a worse OS (pooled HR 1.22, 95% CI: 0.97–1.53, P=0.27), CSS (pooled HR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.67–2.00, P=0.60), and DFS (pooled HR 1.33, 95% CI: 0.93–1.91, P=0.12) compared to type 1 pRCC.DiscussionHistologic subtype is not an independent prognostic factor for patients with pRCC, although the result needs to be taken with caution. And studies with retrospective study design, larger sample size and longer follow-up period are required to verify these results.     

Predictive factors for mortality after distal femoral fractures in the elderly: A retrospective multicenter (TRON group) study

PurposeThis retrospective multicenter study aimed to assess the 1-year mortality rate in elderly patients with distal femoral fractures (DFFs) and identify potential risk factors for mortality.MethodsWe analyzed 321 patients aged 65 years and older with DFFs treated surgically between 2012 and 2019 in 13 hospitals. Patient demographics and surgical characteristics were extracted from medical records and radiographs. We used univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses to identify the factors affecting mortality.ResultsThe mortality rate for DFFs in elderly patients at 1 year was 9.0%. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed older age, male sex, underweight (body mass index [BMI] <18.5 kg/m²), bedridden status, and nursing home residency to be independent predictors for mortality (older age: hazard ratio [HR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.11, P<0.001; male sex: HR 3.08, 95% CI 1.23–7.71, P=0.015; underweight: HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.01–3.68, P=0.045; bedridden status: HR 4.59, 95% CI 1.61–13.07, P=0.0042; and nursing home residency: HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.18–5.83, P=0.017). None of the factors associated with surgery including types of fixation, time from initial visit to surgery, blood loss during operation, and operation time was an independent predictor for mortality.ConclusionThe 1-year mortality rate in elderly patients with DFFs was relatively low at 9.0%. Older age, lower BMI, and nursing home residency were associated with mortality after surgery for DFFs. Factors associated with the surgical procedure were not significant predictors.     

中国294例胃肝样腺癌临床数据荟萃分析

背景与目的:胃肝样腺癌(HAS)是一种罕见的特殊类型胃癌,大样本研究极少.本研究检索相关文献报道,通过临床数据荟萃方法分析近年中国HAS现状.方法:检索中英电子期刊数据库,包括万方期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、PubMed数据库,筛选并提取中国HAS临床数据进行生存...     

Commentary on “The clinical epidemiology of urachal carcinoma: Results of a large,population based study.” Bruins HM,Visser O,Ploeg M,Hulsbergen-van de Kaa CA,Kiemeney LA,Witjes JA,Department of Urology,Radboud University Medical Centre,Utrecht, The Netherlands: J Urol 2012;188(4):1102–7 [Epub 2012 Aug 15]

PurposeSurvival data on urachal carcinoma are sparse due to the low prevalence of this cancer. We report urachal carcinoma clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in a large, population based cohort of patients with long-term followup.Materials and MethodsData were collected from the nationwide Netherlands Cancer Registry. Urachal carcinoma cases were also cross-referenced using the PALGA (Nationwide Network and Registry of Histology and Cytopathology) database. Pathology report summaries were reviewed. A total of 152 patients diagnosed with urachal carcinoma between 1989 and 2009 were included in analysis. The Sheldon staging system was used to classify urachal carcinoma. Median followup was 9.2 years. Primary outcomes were overall and relative survival. Prognostic factors were calculated using univariate and multivariate hazard regression models.ResultsThe incidence of urachal carcinoma was 0.2% of all bladder cancers. A total of 45 patients (30%) presented with lymph node or distant metastasis. Five-year overall and relative survival was 45% and 48%, respectively. On multivariate analysis prognostic factors for impaired survival were lymph node metastasis (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.6), tumor growth in the abdominal wall, peritoneum and/or adjacent organs (HR 5.2, 95% CI 2.6–10.3), distant metastasis (HR 5.3, 95% CI 2.8–9.9) and macroscopic residual tumor (HR 5.2, 95% CI 1.2–21.8).ConclusionsUrachal carcinoma is rare, accounting for 0.2% of all bladder cancers. Many patients present with advanced disease. The prognosis of urachal carcinoma depends mostly on tumor stage, particularly the presence or absence of metastatic disease.     

Breast cancer survival in Brazil: How much health care access impact on cancer outcomes?

BackgroundBreast cancer has a high incidence and increasing mortality in Southern Brazil. The present study evaluated clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, and their association with overall survival in a private cancer center.Methods1113 breast cancer patients were included in this study. The association between survival and clinicopathological and sociodemographic characteristics was analyzed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meyer curves.ResultsMedian age at diagnosis was 52 years (SD 13.5). Most patients were diagnosed in stages 0 and I (62.7%), while only 1.3% had stage IV disease. Five- and 10-year overall survival were 93.5% and 83.8%, respectively. According to multivariate analysis, age at diagnosis (HR 1.05; CI95 1.03–1.06), staging (stage III: HR 4.04; CI95 1.34–12.19; stage IV: HR 9.61; CI95 2.17–42.50), high KI67 (HR 5.46; CI95 1.27–23.32) and distant recurrence (HR 7.28; CI95 4.79–11.06) were significantly associated with survival. Smoking status, years of education, BMI, and tumor biological status were not significantly associated with mortality.ConclusionsThis cohort of Brazilian patients, who received timely and appropriate treatment, achieved outcomes that are comparable to those from high income countries. Breast cancer mortality seems dependent on the quality of health care available to patients.     

Gender aspects on survival among patients admitted to hospital with suspected or diagnosed heart failure

Objectives and design. There are conflicting data on gender differences in survival among heart failure (HF) patients. We prospectively assessed gender differences in survival among 930 consecutive patients (464 [49.9%] women, mean age 76.1±10.1 years), admitted to hospital with suspected or diagnosed HF. Results. Overall, women had lower unadjusted mortality hazard ratio (HR) than men: HR 0.827; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.690–0.992; p=0.040. Adjusted HR was 0.786; 95% CI 0.601–1.028; p=0.079. Unadjusted mortality was significantly higher among patients with a discharge HF diagnosis, compared to those without: HR 1.330; 95% CI 1.107–1.597; p=0.002; adjusted p=0.289. Women and men with a discharge HF diagnosis had similar survival: unadjusted HR 1.052; 95% CI 0.829–1.336; p=0.674; adjusted HR 0.875; 95% CI 0.625–1.225; p=0.437. Women had lower mortality risk among patients without a discharge HF diagnosis: HR 0.630, 95% CI 0.476–0.833, p=0.001; adjusted HR 0.611, p=0.036. Conclusion. Prognosis was poor among patients hospitalised with suspected or diagnosed HF. Among all patients, women had better survival, whereas both sexes had similar survival when the HF diagnosis was certified.