高龄急性心肌梗死患者临床特征及直接冠状动脉介入治疗的疗效评价

目的分析高龄ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者临床特征及评价直接冠状动脉介入治疗（直接PCI）的疗效。方法选择直接行PCI治疗STEM／患者121例，75岁以上47例为高龄组，同期60-74岁74例为对照组。观察两组患者临床特征、直接PCI术成功率、心电图ST段回落、心绞痛改善、住院期间主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生率。结果高龄组、对照组直接PCI术后即刻成功率分别为97．87％、97．30％，术后2h心电图ST段回落≥150％分别为78．72％、72．92％，术后心绞痛明显改善率分别为88．11％、86．49％，住院期间MACE发生率分别为2．12％、2．70％；两组以上观察指标比较差异无统计学意义。结论STEMA急性闭塞病变行直接PCI治疗时植入支架近期临床疗效显著，且成功率及安全性均较高。     

血栓抽吸术联合PCI治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效

目的观察血栓抽吸(TA)联合冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)伴有血栓负荷病变的疗效及安全性。方法选取70例(年龄≥65岁)经冠状动脉造影证实冠脉血栓负荷病变患者,在AMI常规治疗基础上均应用盐酸替罗非班治疗,并随机分为TA联合PCI组(45例)和单纯PCI组(25例)。TA联合PCI组加用DiverC.E.血栓抽吸装置。比较两组病人一般发病资料和TIMI血流分级、ST段抬高和回落百分比、心肌显色分级、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、主要心血管不良事件(MACE)。结果两组心肌梗死溶栓治疗TIMI血流分级、ST段抬高和回落百分比(sumSTR)、心肌显色分级(MBG)、LVEF比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05);住院期间TA联合PCI组MACE发生率较单纯PCI组低。结论 TA联合血小板膜受体拮抗剂是治疗AMI伴有血栓负荷病变有效的手段,能够更大程度改善冠脉血流和梗死区域的心肌灌注,挽救濒死心肌,减少MACE事件发生,改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死血栓负荷病变患者的左室功能,改善预后。     

直接PCI治疗高龄急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死

目的 评价高龄急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入(pereutaneous coronary intervention.PCI)治疗的安全性和有效性.方法 对比分析46例高龄STEMI患者(高龄组)和64例年轻STEMI患者(年轻组)冠状动脉造影特征、直接PCI治疗的情况,即刻手术成功率、住院及随访期间主要心血管事件的发生情况.结果 高龄组与年轻组比较,冠状动脉病变多为多支病变(73.9%比28.1%,P<0.01);2组手术即刻成功率无明显差异;2组术后达到心肌梗塞溶栓(thmmbolysis in myoxardial infarction,TIMI)3级血流患者比率无明显差异;高龄组手术操作时间较年轻组长[(64.4±25.4)min比(49.7±21.8)min,P<0.05];高龄组住院期间、随访期间累计总的主要心血管事件发生率明显高于年轻组.随访期间,高龄组1例术后4个月猝死,死亡原因不明,1例术后1年死于脑出血;年轻组无死亡病例.结论 对高龄STEMI患者行直接PCI治疗是比较安全而有效的再灌注手段.     

年龄对接受急诊冠状动脉介入术治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的评价年龄对接受急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者临床预后的影响。方法 221例接受了急诊直接PCI治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者纳入本研究,根据年龄分为3组:65岁组(107例)、65～74岁组(74例)和≥75岁组(40例),收集基线资料包括年龄、性别、胸痛时间、心肌梗死部位、术前Killip分级、梗死相关血管、冠脉病变血管支数、支架类型、出院前左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心肌酶峰值、血红蛋白、血肌酐、血糖、冠心病危险因素(吸烟、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病和高血脂),临床随访平均(16.7±11.3)个月(6～38个月),主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生36例。结果多因素Logistic回归分析显示,出院前LVEF是随访期总MACE发生的独立预测因素(P=0.0057)。在65～74岁组和≥75岁组中单支血管病变所占比例明显低于65岁组(P=0.0001);而在65～74岁组和≥75岁组中其双支病变、三支病变所占比例高于65岁组(P=0.0618,P=0.0340)。在65～74岁组和≥75岁组中Killip分级(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级)的比例明显高于65岁组(P=0.0052);而在65～74岁组和≥75岁组中LVEF明显低于65岁组(P=0.0493);在65～74岁组和≥75岁组中高血压的比例明显高于65岁组(P=0.0162)。随着年龄增长,随访期间MACE发生率明显增高,在65岁组为10.28%、65～74岁组为16.22%、≥75岁组为32.50%(P=0.0051),差异有统计学意义。结论在接受急诊冠状动脉介入治疗的老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者,MACE发生率随年龄增长而增高,年龄、多支血管病变、Killip分级和LVEF可能影响其预后。     

老年急性心肌梗死直接介入治疗与溶栓治疗的临床研究

目的探讨急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)与静脉溶栓治疗对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的近期疗效。方法 65例≥60岁的ST段抬高的AMI患者,31例接受急诊PCI治疗,34例接受静脉溶栓治疗,比较两种治疗方法对患者的临床近期效果。结果溶栓组梗死相关血管(IRA)再通率为58.8%,直接PCI组IRA再通率为96.8%;6个月时左室射血分数(LVEF)溶栓组为(40.2±6.3)%,直接PCI组为(53.8±6.7)%。出血并发症、住院期间病死率、再发心绞痛和主要心脏事件发生率,溶栓组明显高于直接PCI组。溶栓组平均住院时间为8.5d,PCI组平均住院时间为18.5d。结论对老年AMI患者,急诊PCI治疗更能尽快、及时有效地开通梗死相关动脉,挽救濒死心肌,改善左室功能,降低病死率。     

70岁以上老年冠心病患者的介入治疗

目的　探讨高龄冠心病患者施行冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)手术的特点、手术成功率及院内后果。方法　本院 2 0 0 1年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 10月间的PCI手术病例登记资料 ,2个年龄组 (年龄≥ 70岁及 <70岁 )之间的比较用卡方检验。结果　高龄组 91例患者 (116个病变 ) ,低龄组 16 0例患者 (191个病变 )施行了PCI。相对于低龄组 ,高龄组的女性构成比、多支病变及钙化弥漫性病变较多。高龄组病变的影像学成功率 93 1% ,与低龄组 (91 6 % )相当。而住院期间严重心脏不良事件发生率为8 8% ,显著高于低龄组 (1 3% )。结论　尽管高龄组病变的影像成功率与低龄组相当 ,但院内死亡率显著高于低龄组。     

急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入术后院内死亡的预测因素

目的分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者直接PCI术后发生院内死亡的预测因素,以寻找进一步改善AMI患者住院期间预后的可能途径。方法根据314例接受直接PCI的AMI患者住院期间存活与否,将其分为死亡组(26例)和非死亡组(288例),比较两组患者的临床和冠状动脉造影特点,确定发生院内死亡的预测因素。结果死亡组患者中女性(P=0.017)、年龄>75岁(P=0.004)、3支血管病变(P=0.015)、左主干闭塞(P=0.036)、就诊至球囊扩张时间>90min(P=0.013)、并发心源性休克(P=0.000)显著高于非死亡组患者;而PCI成功(P=0.000)、ST段下降>50%(P=0.000)显著低于非死亡组患者。多因素分析显示,心源性休克(P=0.000)、女性(P=0.029)、就诊至球囊扩张时间>90min(P=0.035)是发生院内死亡的独立预测因素。结论为进一步改善接受直接PCI的AMI患者住院期间的预后,未来治疗的重点在于降低高危(特别是心源性休克)患者的病死率,缩短就诊至球囊扩张时间,以及改善冠状动脉微循环和提高心肌水平的再灌注。     

国产替罗非班在高龄急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入治疗中的应用

目的评价高龄(≥70岁)非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用国产血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班的安全性和近期疗效。方法108例行PCI的非ST段抬高ACS患者按年龄分为高龄组(≥70岁,42例)和非高龄组(<70岁,66例),分析两组基础资料特征、即刻手术成功率、出血和血小板减少发生率;观察住院和随访30天期间不良心血管事件(再发心绞痛、心肌梗死、心力衰竭及猝死)。结果高龄组甘油三酯、脂蛋白a高于非高龄组,体重指数和吸烟比例低于非高龄组(P均<0.05);高龄组多支病变比例高于非高龄组(71%比39%,P<0.01);两组PCI即刻成功率均为100%。高龄组发生小出血5例、血小板减少6例;非高龄组小出血2例,血小板减少2例;两组均无大出血发生。高龄组血小板减少及总副反应发生率高于非高龄组(P均<0.05),小出血发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高龄组住院和随访期间再发心绞痛5例、心肌梗死1例、心力衰竭2例、猝死0例;非高龄组再发心绞痛7例、心力衰竭1例,无心肌梗死和猝死。两组间复合心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高龄非ST段抬高ACS患者PCI中应用国产替罗非班是安全的。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死伴心力衰竭、心源性休克的疗效分析

目的观察ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死(AMI)伴心力衰竭(心衰)、心源性休克患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的近期和中期疗效。方法206例ST抬高AMI患者,伴心衰和(或)休克90例。对心衰和(或)心源性休克患者行PCI58例、药物溶栓20例、一般治疗12例(未行再灌注组);比较PCI组和溶栓组的住院时间、住院及随访期间不良心血管事件发生率、心功能恢复情况,观察PCI组血管开通时间、TIMI血流与预后的关系。结果PCI组、溶栓组血管开通率分别为98.3%和65.0%(P<0.01),平均住院时间分别为15.3天±3.5天和20.5天±4.4天,住院及随访期间死亡率PCI组6.9%,溶栓组25%(P<0.05)。PCI组两亚组术后心功能恢复均好于溶栓组(P<0.01和P<0.05)。结论PCI与溶栓相比,能及时开通血管且开通率高,术后心功能恢复较好,安全有效,可作为首选。     

老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗的近期疗效分析

目的探讨急诊PCI对老年急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者的疗效和安全性。方法选择接受急诊PCI的AMI患者351例,分为老年组273例,高龄组78例。比较2组的临床资料、冠状动脉病变特征、住院时间和并发症的发生率。结果老年组单支病变明显高于高龄组,双支、3支病变及合并左主干病变明显低于高龄组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。高龄组置入2个以上支架数、住院期间择期再次PCI、梗死后心绞痛、严重心律失常和≥KillipⅢ级心功能发生率明显高于老年组(P<0.05,P<0.01);2组住院时间、入院到球囊扩张时间、住院期间再梗死、心源性休克发生率和30 d病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高龄AMI患者行急诊PCI治疗是安全有效的。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.