丙烯腈接枝改性聚氨酯溶液的流变行为

合成了具有不同支链长度和分布的丙烯腈接枝改性聚醚聚氨酯。对其流变行为的研究表明，体系表现出剪切应力变稀的非牛顿性流体特征。丙烯腈支链的和长度、分布状况以及测试温度等都对体系的变性产生影响。流体粘流活化能结果说明，支链亦影响了聚氨酯粘度对温度的依赖性。同时，聚氨酯的聚合反应条件也会改变体系的流变行为。     

丙烯腈与丝素蛋白均相辐射接枝共聚的研究

探讨了以放射性同位素Co—60作为γ—射线源,以60％的氯化锌溶液为溶剂丝素蛋白与丙烯腈(AN)在均相体系中辐射接枝共聚的反应规律。研究了辐射剂量,剂量率以及体系中Cu~(2 )浓度等因素对接枝共聚物的接枝率,接技支链的粘均分子量(Mη)以及单体的转化率的影响规律。根据接枝物的红外光谱及其在不同溶剂中的溶解性能对接枝物进行了表征。结果表明,氯化锌法AN与丝素均相辐射接枝共聚中存在严重的溶胶效应,在反应中可通过控制体系内Cu~(2 )浓度以及辐射剂量和剂量率等措施来控制产物的转化率,接枝物的接枝率和接技支链的长短,以获所期望的产物。     

淀粉-醋酸乙酯-丙烯酸乙酯接枝共聚物

在硝酸铈铵(CAN)以及硫酸亚铁/过氧化氢两种引发体系中，进行了丙烯酸乙酯(EA)、醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)与玉米淀粉的接枝共聚。用质子核磁共振研究了接枝支链的化学组成、用X衍射研究接枝共聚物结晶结构的变化、用扫描电镜研究了材料的微观结构、并研究了共聚物的亲水性。制备了接枝淀粉、聚乙烯醇的生物降解塑料，测定了材料的力学性能以及疏水性。     

胶原硬组织接枝共聚的研究——Ⅰ.骨粉与甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的接枝共聚

本文报告猪骨粉、人骨粉在K_2S_2O_8-NaHSO_3氧化还原引发体系引发下与MMA、GMA的接枝共聚反应。通过接枝共聚物的红外光谱分析、氮含量测定、高温酸水解残渣的茚三酮反应和红外光谱分析均证明了甲基丙烯酸酯类确与骨粉中的胶原发生了接枝共聚反应。同时还探讨了引发剂用量和接枝率的关系。这种接枝共聚有可能为探寻骨的粘结材料和口腔补牙、植牙材料提供新的途径。     

甲壳素-g-聚l-亮氨酸共聚物的制备及表征

在水／乙酸乙酯体系中，利用水溶性甲壳素分子上的自由氨基引发N-羧基-l-亮氨酸-环内酸酐(NCA)的开环聚合，将聚l-亮氨酸引入到甲壳素的侧链，制备了多糖／多肽杂化材料。由于反应中使用了水溶性甲壳素，反应可以在温和的条件下进行，且反应的转化率和接枝效率均较高。接枝共聚物的多肽链段长度可以通过NCA的投料量进行控制，得到各种肽链长度的接枝共聚物。通过元素分析、红外光谱、X射线衍射、差热分析和溶解实验等表征了接枝共聚物，结果表明：接枝共聚物的性能受多肽链段的长度影响较大，随着肽段长度的增加出现了a-螺旋结构。     

胶原硬组织接枝共聚的研究 Ⅲ.骨粉-甲基丙烯酸酯接枝共聚物的扫描电子显微镜观察及接枝侧链聚合物的长度

通过扫描电镜研究了骨粉-甲基丙烯酸酯接枝共聚物的表面形态变化,同时还测定了接枝侧链聚合物的分子量及分子量分布。接枝侧链聚合物的分子量较均聚物大,且随引发剂用量的减少而增大,分子量分布也较均聚物宽。这些都从外观形态和物理性质上为接枝共聚的结论进一步提供了证据。本文还探讨了接枝共聚的反应历程。     

梳形支化聚苯乙烯的支化结构对其溶液形态和性质的影响

通过氮氧稳定自由基聚合和原子转移自由基聚合制备出不同支化结构的梳形支化聚苯乙烯。使用示差折光指数 多角激光光散射 毛细管黏度三检测联用凝胶渗透色谱对不同链结构梳形支化聚苯乙烯在四氢呋喃（THF）中的形态和性质进行了研究。结果表明,梳形支化PS在THF中的均方根回转半径（Rg)和特性黏数(［η］)均随支链长度和支链数目的增加而增大,但是在支链长度较长或者支链数目较大时,Rg和［η］随分子量增加而增大的趋势逐渐放缓,而且支链数目对梳形支化PS在溶液中的均方根回转半径和特性黏数的影响程度要大于支链长度。梳形支化聚苯乙烯在四氢呋喃中的MHS方程特性参数K、α随支链长度和支链数目的增加不断变化。     

溶血尿毒综合征二例报告

Ｃ＾４＋ｅ为淀粉接枝引发剂，研究了接枝共聚单体对淀粉接枝共聚物（ＳＧＣ）上浆性能的影响，首先通过实验对丙烯酸（ＡＡ）、丙烯酰胺（ＡＭ），丙烯酸羟乙酯（ＨＥＡ）、丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＡ）、丙烯酸乙酯 （ＥＡ）、丙烯酸丁酯（ＢＡ）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）、甲基丙烯酸丁酯（ＢＭＡ）、醋酸乙烯酯（ＶＡｃ）和丙烯腈（ＡＮ）１０种接枝单体进行筛选，然后根据所归纳出的ＳＧＣ浆料接支链的分子结构模型＾［１］，探讨了几     

牙胶原与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的接枝共聚

作者用K_2S_2O_3-NaHSO_3氧化还原体系为引发剂,研究了MMA(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)在人牙本质上的接枝共聚。共聚物的红外光谱显示在1720cm~(-1)、1260cm~(-1)和2850cm~(-1)有C=O,C-0和CH_3的吸收带,表明甲基丙烯酸酯在牙本质上发生了聚合。接枝共聚物的酸水解残渣显示,在3200cm~(-1)有一氨基酸的     

单链聚乙烯在石墨烯二维表面结晶的分子模拟

目前对于石墨或石墨烯等片层结构对共聚聚乙烯结晶行为的影响研究相对较少,尚未系统揭示其结晶机制。采用分子动力学模拟方法,研究单链聚乙烯在二维石墨烯表面受限状态下的结晶过程。结果发现,与聚乙烯单链结晶不同,聚乙烯沿石墨烯（001）表面发生表面吸附-链折叠-取向有序形成层状晶体,结晶过程由表面吸附和链折叠共同控制,随等温结晶温度变化分为3个区域。另外,支链不利于结晶,但当支链长度大于10时,即开始发生吸附或折叠进入晶区,与主链形成共晶,从而减缓了结晶度随支链长度而下降的趋势,并且支链主要进入石墨层界面附近的晶区。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.