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1.
Hepatic cryosurgery via minilaparotomy in a porcine model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Background: Cryosurgery of liver lesions is becoming increasingly accepted for the ablation of liver tumors. Attempts at laparoscopic
cryosurgery have been very limited and often need to be converted to open laparotomy due to the complexity of the procedure.
Methods: Seven domestic pigs were anesthetized, and 17 small (0.7 cm mean diameter) tumor mimicking agar ``lesions' were percutaneously
placed in the liver. Two small subcostal incisions (∼2.0 cm) were placed, and an endocavitary ultrasound transducer (with
a 2.4-mm cryoprobe mounted on it) was placed on the liver surface. Lesions were localized and directly punctured with one
or two cryoprobes under ultrasound guidance, and a single 15-min freeze was undertaken. The animals were then killed, and
their livers were removed and serially sectioned.
Results: Total time for probe placement was approximately 10 min after incisions had been made. Animals tolerated the procedure well
and all survived until they were killed. No intraabdominal complications were detected at exploration. Mean cryolesion dimensions
were 3.0 cm (single probe) and 3.3 cm (dual probe) (p > 0.05). Positive margins were detected in one lesion treated with a single probe, and in none of the lesions treated with
dual probes. Mean margins were 0.9 cm: 1.2 cm for the single probe and dual probe techniques, respectively. Liver surrounding
control agar lesions demonstrated a thin rim of necrosis, approximately 0.5 mm wide.
Conclusions: We conclude that minilaparotomy is an effective, safe, and simple method for performing hepatic cryosurgery in this animal
model. This minimally invasive technique may benefit a subset of patients with lesions in accessible locations. Lesions in
posterior locations may not be as amenable to this technique due to deterioration of ultrasound image quality in the far field.
Received: 10 December 1997/Accepted: 27 March 1998 相似文献
2.
Complications of laparoscopic antireflux surgery in childhood 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the complications associated with the laparoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD) in children.
Methods: From March 1992 to March 1998, we used the laparoscopic approach to treat 289 children affected by gastroesophageal reflux
disease. The patients' ages ranged between 4 months and 17 years (median, 4.3 years), and their body weight ranged between
5 and 52 kg. In 148 children (51.3%), we adopted a Nissen-Rossetti procedure and in 141 (48.7%) a Toupet technique.
Results: The duration of surgery ranged between 40 and 180 min (median, 70). There were no deaths and no anesthesiological complications
in our series. We recorded 15 (5.1%) intraoperative complications: six pleural perforations, four lesions of the posterior
vagus nerve, two esophageal perforations, two gastric perforations, and one pericardiac perforation. Conversion to open surgery
was necessary in only four cases (1.3%). We recorded 10 (3.4%) postoperative complications: one peritonitis due to an esophageal
perforation not detected during the intervention that required a reoperation, five cases of herniation of the epiploon through
a trocar orifice, three cases of dysphagia that disappeared spontaneously after a few months, and one case of delayed gastric
emptying that subsequently required a pyloroplasty. We had six recurrences of GERD (2.1%). In two cases, a new fundoplication
was performed using the laparoscopic approach; in the other four, the GERD was controlled with medical therapy.
Conclusion: Our results show that laparoscopic fundoplication is an adequate treatment for children with GERD that has a low rate of
complications. When severe complications do occur, they can be treated effectively via the laparoscopic approach.
Received: 16 November 1999/Accepted: 16 December 1999/Online publication: 5 June 2000 相似文献
3.
Laparoscopic insufflation of the abdomen reduces portal venous flow 总被引:31,自引:12,他引:19
Background: The adverse effects of sustained elevated intraperitoneal pressure (IPP) on cardiovascular, pulmonary and renal systems have
been well documented by several reported experimental and clinical studies. Alteration in the splanchnic circulation has also
been reported in animal experiments, but details of the exact hemodynamic changes in the flow to solid intraabdominal organs
brought on by a raised intraperitoneal pressure in the human are not available. The aim of the present study was to estimate
effect of increased IPP on the portal venous flow, using duplex Doppler ultrasonography in patients undergoing laparoscopic
cholecystectomy.
Methods: The studies were performed using the SSD 2000 Multiview Ultrasound Scanner and the UST 5536 7.0-MHz laparoscopic transducer
probe. Details of the measurements were standardized in according to preset protocol. Statistical evaluation of the data was
conducted by the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: The flow measurement data have demonstrated a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the portal flow with increase in the intraperitoneal pressure. The mean portal flow fell from 990 ±
100 ml/min to 568 ± 81 ml/min (−37%) at an IPP of 7.0 mmHg and to 440 ± 56 mmHg (−53%) when the IPP reached 14 mmHg.
Conclusions: The increased intraperitoneal pressure necessary to perform laparoscopic operations reduces substantially the portal venous
flow. The extent of the volume flow reduction is related to the level of intraperitoneal pressure. This reduction of flow
may depress the hepatic reticular endothelial function (possibly enhancing tumor cell spread). In contrast, the reduced portal
flow may enhance cryo-ablative effect during laparoscopic cryosurgery for metastatic liver disease by diminishing the heat
sink effect. These findings suggest the need for a selective policy, low pressure or gas-less techniques to positive-pressure
interventions, during laparoscopic surgery in accordance with the disease and the therapeutic intent.
Received: 19 March 1996/Accepted: 4 July 1997 相似文献
4.
Background: In order to better investigate the effects of laparoscopic surgery, it is necessary to establish reliable, reproducible,
and economical animal models of laparoscopic intervention. Here we describe a mouse model of laparoscopic-assisted colon resection.
Methods: After successful induction of anesthesia the mouse is placed in Trendelenburg position and the peritoneal cavity is insufflated
with carbon dioxide gas through an angiocatheter placed in the right upper quadrant. A 4-mm rigid scope with camera attachment
is then inserted through a midline port created just caudal to the xiphoid. A second port is then created in the right lower
quadrant to allow introduction of laparoscopic forceps into the peritoneal cavity. The cecum, which extends 1.5 cm beyond
the ileocecal valve, is grasped with forceps and exteriorized through the operative port. Extracorporeally, the cecum is ligated
and resected before the cecal stump is returned to the peritoneal cavity. The abdominal wall defects are then stapled closed.
Results: This simple model can be mastered by individuals with very limited surgical experience. This laparoscopic model has been
used successfully in our laboratory in a number of experiments with an intraoperative complication rate of 3.2% (3/94), which
was similar to the open surgery group rate of 2.1% (2/95, p= 0.99 by chi square). We observed no postoperative leaks in either group. The only postoperative death occurred in the open
resection group due to dehiscence of the laparotomy wound.
Conclusions: We propose that this model may be useful for comparing the effects of open to laparoscopic surgery.
Received: 19 June 1996/Accepted: 2 November 1996 相似文献
5.
Berber E Foroutani A Garland AM Rogers SJ Engle KL Ryan TL Siperstein AE 《Surgical endoscopy》2000,14(9):799-804
Background: When attempting to interpret CT scans after radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) of liver tumors, it is sometimes difficult
to distinguish ablated from viable tumor tissue. Identification of the two types of tissue is specially problematic for lesions
that are hypodense before ablation. The aim of this study was to determine whether quantitative Hounsfield unit (HU) density
measurements can be used to document the lack of tumor perfusion and thereby identify ablated tissue.
Methods: Liver spiral CT scans of 13 patients with 51 lesions undergoing laparoscopic RFA for metastatic liver tumors within a 2-year
time period were reviewed. HU density of the lesions as well as normal liver were measured pre- and postoperatively in each
CT phase (noncontrast, arterial, portovenous). Statistical analyses were performed using Student's paired t-test and ANOVA.
Results: Normal liver parenchyma, which was used as a control, showed a similar increase with contrast injection in both pre- and
postprocedure CT scans (56.4 ± 2.4 vs 57.1 ± 2.4 HU, respectively; p= 0.3). In contrast, ablated liver lesions showed a preablation increase of 45.7 ± 3.4 HU but only a minimal postablation
increase of 6.6 ± 0.7 HU (p < 0.0001). This was true for highly vascular tumors (neuroendocrine) as well as hypovascular ones (adenocarcinoma).
Conclusions: This is the first study to define quantitative radiological criteria using HU density for the evaluation of ablated tissues.
A lack of increase in HU density with contrast injection indicates necrotic tissue, whereas perfused tissue shows an increase
in HU density. This technique can be used in the evaluation of patients undergoing RFA.
Received: 1 March 2000/Accepted: 4 April 2000/Online publication: 9 August 2000 相似文献
6.
Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy was first described in the early 1980s and is currently widely used for the treatment of acute
appendicitis. The application of laparoscopic techniques to interval appendectomy and the value of this procedure as compared
to open elective interval appendectomy remains uncertain. Therefore, we set out to assess the usefulness of interval laparoscopic
appendectomy following periappendicular abscess.
Methods: This study analyzes the data for 10 patients who underwent interval laparoscopic appendectomy 8–10 weeks following documented
periappendicular abscess in the period between January 1996 and June 1998.
Results: Laparoscopic appendectomy was completed successfully in all 10 patients. Nine patients were discharged 1 day after the operation;
one patient was discharged on the evening of the operative day. There were no complications and no wound infections.
Conclusion: We conclude that the laparoscopic approach is the preferable treatment for interval appendectomy. It is associated with minimal
or no morbidity and a very short hospital stay.
Received: 13 May 1999/Accepted: 9 December 1999/Online publication: 12 July 2000 相似文献
7.
Laparoscopic treatment of gastric stromal tumors 总被引:9,自引:4,他引:5
Basso N Rosato P De Leo A Picconi T Trentino P Fantini A Silecchia G 《Surgical endoscopy》2000,14(6):524-526
Background: The laparoscopic resection of gastric stromal tumors (GST) is being performed with increased frequency.
Methods: Between November 1993 and October 1998, nine consecutive patients with benign and low-grade gastric stromal tumors underwent
laparoscopic resection using intraoperative endoscopy. For lesions located on the anterior wall (three cases), a direct approach
was utilized. Lesions located on the posterior wall were resected via a transgastric approach (four cases) or through a small
opening on the omentum or on the gastrocolic ligament (two cases). Excision of the lesions was performed manually by means
of electrocautery and scissors in eight cases; the gastric incisions were closed by manual running suture. An endoscopic stapler
device was used in one case only.
Results: All patients were successfully treated laparoscopically; there were no conversions to open surgery. Operative time ranged
from 75 to 120 min. There was one bleeding from the suture line of the gastric wall postoperatively that was treated conservatively.
The average postoperative hospital stay was 4 days (range, 2–6).
Conclusions: In light of the results reported in the literature and on the basis of the present work, it seems that laparoscopic resection
of GST should be considered as the treatment of choice. Wedge resection of anterior wall lesions is generally performed. The
treatment of posterior wall lesions is still controversial. In our opinion the direct approach should be reserved for lesions
located on the posterior wall of the body, which can be easily reached through the greater omentum, while the transgastric
approach should be preferred for lesions located on the fundus and antrum. Manual excision allows a tailored operation; hand-sewn
sutures are always feasible, and they are cheaper than stapled ones.
Received: 30 April 1999/Accepted: 7 October 1999/Online publication: 10 April 2000 相似文献
8.
R. J. Rosenthal S. C. Chen W. Hewitt C. C. Wang S. Eguchi S. Geller E. H. Phillips A. A. Demetriou J. Rozga 《Surgical endoscopy》1996,10(11):1075-1079
Background: The preferred therapy for acute and chronic liver insufficiency and severe heritable disorders of liver metabolism is whole-organ
transplantation. However, due to the shortage of organ doproposed, including transplantation of normal allogeneic hepatocytes.
Recently, it has been reported that many hepatocytes transplanted into the spleen migrated to the liver. We therefore carried
out a series of large-animal experiments to reexamine the intrasplenic route and to develop a method for large-scale hepatocellular
transplantation in pigs.
Methods: Allogeneic porcine hepatocytes were transplanted using the following routes: (1) retrograde injection of cells via the splenic vein, (2) intraarterial injection of cells, (3) direct intrasplenic injection of cells after laparotomy, (4)
percutaneous intrasplenic injection of cells under laparoscopic control, (5) laparoscopic intrasplenic injection of cells.
The number of cells injected varied from 2 × 109 to 10 × 109 cells.
Results: Of all the methods tested, only direct intrasplenic injection of 2 bln of cells was found to be compatible with survival.
However, even with this ``small' number of cells (2% original liver mass), there was a significant risk of spleen infarction,
perisplenic adhesion formation, and portal vein thrombosis. The laparoscopic approach was found to be reliable, simple, and
safe.
Conclusion: Even though the spleen is considered by many authors the optimal site for hepatocellular transplantation, transplantation
of cells in a number needed to support the failing liver may be associated with significant complications, morbidity, and
mortality.
Received: 2 March 1996/Accepted 17 May 1996 相似文献
9.
Background: In 1995, when we first used a high-definition television (HDTV) video system during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Tuebingen,
we were surprised by the excellence of the spatial impression achieved by an image with improved resolution. Although any
improvement in vision systems entails a trade-off among cost, quality, and complexity, high-definition imaging may well become
an essential part of 3-D video systems. The aim of this experimental study was to assess the impact of high definition on
surgical task efficiency in minimally invasive surgery and to determine whether it is preferable to use a 3-D system or a
2-D system with perfect resolution and color—for instance, HDTV or the three-chip charge-coupled device (3CCD).
Methods: We compared a 3-D video system with the vision through a stereoscopic rectoscope for transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM).
Because its stereoscopic direct vision is not restricted to either shutter technology or video resolution, TEM optics represents
the state of the art. For objective comparison, inanimate phantom models with suturing tasks were set up. The setups allowed
the approach of parallel instruments as in TEM operations or via a laparoscopic approach, with oblique instruments coming
laterally. Both types of procedure were carried out by highly experienced laparoscopic surgeons as well as those inexperienced
in endoscopic surgery. These volunteers worked under 3-D video vision and/or TEM vision. Altogether, the model tasks were
performed by 54 different persons.
Results: The evaluation did not show a significant (p > 0.05) difference in performance time in all models, but there was a clear trend showing the benefit of a higher resolution.
Conclusion: We found a tendency for both endoscopically inexperienced and experienced surgeons to benefit from the use of a system with
improved resolution (direct vision) rather than a 3-D shutter video system.
Received: 9 November 1998/Accepted: 19 April 1999 相似文献
10.
A. Olinger G. Pistorius W. Lindemann B. Vollmar U. Hildebrandt M. D. Menger 《Surgical endoscopy》1999,13(2):118-122
Background: Although it is widely proposed that surgeons, before introducing a novel laparoscopic technique in man, should practice in
an appropriate animal model for acquisition of the necessary technical skills, the effectiveness of those hands-on training
courses are rarely documented.
Methods: In 1995 we have organized eight hands-on training courses for laparoscopic anterior interbody spine fusion in an in vivo porcine model. A total of 72 colleagues from 50 different centers of 12 countries participated, including orthopedic, trauma,
visceral, neuro-, and vascular surgeons. Quality and effectiveness of the course were evaluated by a questionnaire after a
1.5- to 2.5-year period.
Results: During this time, 42.2% of the participating centers had applied the new technique successfully in man. Centers which participated
in the course with a team that included a skilled laparoscopic surgeon and an orthopedic or trauma surgeon introduced the
technique more frequently to clinical practice (57.9%) than those represented by only one participant (30.8%). Moreover, there
was a tendency toward a more frequent introduction of the technique to clinical practice in centers associated with university
hospitals (57.1% vs. 29.2%), indicating the requirement of a particular infrastructure for this complex interdisciplinary
procedure. Almost all participants (98.3%) agreed that for novel surgical techniques requiring advanced technical skills,
there should first be training in a large animal model before the technique is applied in man.
Conclusions: Complex laparoscopic procedures (i.e., laparoscopic spine surgery) can be successfully learned by in vivo hands-on training courses. We propose that for refinements and modifications of the technique (e.g., the lumboscopic approach),
there should also first be training in a large animal model before these are applied in man.
Received: 30 July 1997/Accepted: 26 March 1998 相似文献
11.
Background: The short esophagus increases the difficulty and limits the effectiveness of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. In our experience,
∼20–25% of esophagi judged by preoperative criteria to be foreshortened will, after dissection, be insufficiently long to
allow 2 cm of esophagus to reside below the diaphragm without inferior distraction (i.e., tension free). Collis gastroplasty
combined with Nissen fundoplication has become the standard approach for the creation of an intraabdominal neoesophagus and
fundic wrap.
Methods: After developing methods of performing totally laparoscopic stapled gastroplasty in the cadaver lab in 1994, we started applying
the technique clinically in 1996. We performed 220 laparoscopic antireflux procedures between January 1996 and July 1997.
Of these 220 patients, 26% were suspected to have esophageal foreshortening based on preoperative barium studies and/or endoscopy.
Results: After hiatal dissection, nine patients, or 16% of those suspected to have esophageal foreshortening and 4% of the entire
population, required the laparoscopic Collis-Nissen procedure. There was symptomatic improvement in all patients as assessed
by patient-initiated symptom scores.
Conclusions: The management of patients with esophageal foreshortening is a complex problem. We believe that our technique of laparoscopic
Collis-Nissen provides an effective means of achieving intraabdominal placement of the fundic wrap while maintaining the benefits
of a minimally invasive approach.
Received: 8 September 1997/Accepted: 17 December 1997 相似文献
12.
Laparoscopic treatment of large paraesophageal hernias 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
van der Peet DL Klinkenberg-Knol EC Alonso Poza A Sietses C Eijsbouts QA Cuesta MA 《Surgical endoscopy》2000,14(11):1015-1018
Background: We set out to evaluate the results of the laparoscopic treatment of large paraesophageal hernias in 22 patients.
Methods: Between 1993 and 1998, we operated on 22 consecutive patients. Preoperative assessment consisted of endoscopy, barium esophagogram,
24-h pH testing, manometry, and gastric emptying times.
Results: In the first three patients, the sac was not excised and gastropexy was not performed. Because of recurrences, we decided
to change the technique in an attempt to avoid further complications. During middle- to long-term follow-up, only three recurrences
were seen in the subsequent 19 patients. There were no deaths in this series.
Conclusions: Laparoscopic treatment of large paraesophageal hernias is feasible. Because recurrences may occur after successful laparoscopic
treatment, both resection of the sac and some form of gastropexy are imperative.
Received: 22 March 2000/Accepted: 30 April 2000/Online publication: 20 September 2000 相似文献
13.
Laparoscopic treatment of hydatid cysts of the liver and spleen 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Background: The short-term results from laparoscopic treatment of hydatid cysts of the liver and spleen were reported previously. The
procedure was shown to be feasible and safe, offering the advantages of laparoscopic surgery. This is the first report on
the long-term follow-up of this operation in a large group of patients.
Methods: In this study, 108 hydatid cysts of the liver and spleen in 83 consecutive patients (43 males [52%] and 40 females [48%])
were approached laparoscopically. The mean age of the patients was 40 years (range, 13–85 years). There were 104 liver cysts
and 4 spleen cysts. The liver cysts were located in the right lobe in 42 patients (53%), in the left lobe in 21 patients (26%)
and in both lobes in 16 patients (21%). Of the 104 cysts, 44 (42%) were uniloculated and 60 (58%) were multiloculated.
Results: All cysts were approached laparoscopically. The mean operative time was 80 min (range, 40–180 min). The conversion rate was
3%. The mean hospital stay was 3 days (range, 2–7 days). There were no mortalities, and complications occurred in nine patients
(11%). All were managed conservatively except one patient in whom a laparotomy was needed. All patients were followed up for
a mean period of 30 months (range, 4–54 months) with serological testing and ultrasonography if needed. In three patients
(3.6%) recurrence of the disease developed.
Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach to uncomplicated hydatid cysts of the liver and spleen is a safe and effective option with favorable
long-term results.
Received: 27 August 1998/Accepted: 13 July 1999 相似文献
14.
Conversions and complications in 185 laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding cases 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
E. Chelala G. B. Cadiére F. Favretti J. Himpens M. Vertruyen J. Bruyns L. Maroquin M. Lise 《Surgical endoscopy》1997,11(3):268-271
Background: Kuzmak's gastric silicone banding technique is the least invasive operation for morbid obesity. The purpose of this study
was to analyze the complications of this approach.
Methods: Between September 1992 and March 1996, 185 patients underwent laparoscopic gastroplasty by the adjustable silicone band technique.
A minimally invasive procedure using five trocars was performed.
Results: In 11 patients exposure of the hiatus was impeded because of hypertrophy of the left liver lobe which led to conversion in
eight patients and abortion of the procedure in three other patients. Anatomical complications: We observed two gastric perforations
and one band slippage at the early stage, one infection and three rotations of the access port. Functional complications:
There were eight (4%) cases of irreversible total food intolerance resulting in pouch dilation and eight cases (4%) of esophagitis.
One fatality on the 45th day in a patient with a Prader-Willi syndrome.
Conclusion: The most disturbing complications of gastric banding technique are gastric perforation and pouch dilation. Their incidence
may be reduced by improving the technique and by considering pitfalls of the procedure.
Received: 28 May 1996/Accepted: 25 July 1996 相似文献
15.
Background: Since 1994, 27 patients at our institution have undergone laparoscopic splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
Laparoscopic splenectomy was completed in 22 of these patients. We sought to identify factors that precluded successful laparoscopic
splenectomy in the remaining 5 patients.
Methods: Retrospective review of 27 patients with ITP undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy was performed at Duke University Medical
Center from August, 1994 to September, 1997.
Results: Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed in 16 women and 11 men with a mean age of 47.2 years. Five (18%) of these procedures
were converted to open splenectomy. There was no significant difference in age, ASA score, gender, weight, height, or splenic
size between the converted and laparoscopic groups. However, preoperative and postoperative platelet counts were significantly
higher in the laparoscopic group than in the converted group (p < 0.001). Operative times also were significantly longer for the laparoscopic group than for the converted group (p < 0.001). Adherent adjacent structures, associated comorbidities, and technical errors prohibited laparoscopic completion
in five patients. Technical errors with subsequent bleeding required conversion in two patients. A thickened greater omentum
blanketing the splenic capsule and a densely adherent pancreatic tail extending well into the splenic hilum prevented laparoscopic
completion in two patients. Increased peak airway pressures greater than 60 mmHg after pneumoperitoneum necessitated conversion
in the remaining patient, who had a previous history of pulmonary insufficiency. Regardless of surgical approach, all patients
achieved a therapeutic response after splenectomy. Splenectomies completed laparoscopically resulted in a significantly shorter
length of hospital stay (p < 0.01).
Conclusions: Densely adherent adjacent structures, technical errors, and cardiopulmonary instability may preclude successful completion
of laparoscopic splenectomies. Thorough preoperative evaluation with an emphasis on the cardiopulmonary system may elicit
a cohort of individuals with ITP who are unlikely to undergo laparoscopic splenectomy successfully. This cohort also may include
individuals with preoperative platelet counts less than 35,000 mm−3.
Received: 15 April 1998/Received: 15 January 1999 相似文献
16.
Videoscopic surgery under local and regional anesthesia with helium abdominal insufflation 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Background: High-risk patients may not be good candidates for laparoscopic surgery due to the metabolic consequences of transperitoneal
absorption of insufflated CO2 gas and the necessity of general anesthesia because CO2 insufflation produces pain. Helium gas is metabolically inert and does not produce pain. Thus it permits an alternative approach
to performing laparoscopic surgery in high-risk patients.
Methods: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, appendectomy, hernia repair, and peritoneal dialysis catheter procedures were performed under
local or regional anesthesia in high-risk patients utilizing helium gas as the insufflation agent.
Results: Twenty-one patients underwent laparoscopic procedures under local or regional anesthesia. None of the procedures initiated
under local-regional anesthesia required abandonment of the laparoscopic approach or conversion to general anesthesia. There
were no operative or perioperative mortalities. Two incidences of pneumothorax occurred with extraperitoneal hernia repair;
one required a tube thoracostomy.
Conclusions: Helium gas should be considered the agent of choice for intraperitoneal insufflation in high-risk patients not only because
helium avoids the metabolic consequences of CO2 insufflation but also because it permits selected procedures to be performed under local-regional anesthesia. Helium may
be contraindicated for laparoscopic procedures involving extraperitoneal insufflation due to the increased risk for pneumothoraces.
Received: 15 April 1998/Accepted: 25 August 1998 相似文献
17.
Pneumoperitoneum risk prognosis and correction of venous circulation disturbances in laparoscopic surgery 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. I. Emeljanov V. V. Fedenko E. M. Levite S. A. Panfilov I. G. Bobrinskaya A. V. Fedorov N. L. Matveev V. V. Evdoshenko S. V. Luosev V. V. Bokarev S. R. Musaeva 《Surgical endoscopy》1998,12(10):1224-1231
Background: This study was initiated to find a method of determining the prognosis for possible changes in hemodynamic and respiratory
parameters in patients with pneumoperitoneum (PP).
Methods: We devised a model for a pseudopneumoperitoneum (PPP), which is created by encircling the wide pneumochamber on the entire
abdomen and inflating it to a preset pressure. To verify the prognostic possibilities of the proposed model, we studied the
pneumotachygraphy parameters, noninvasive and invasive monitoring parameters of PPP after induction of anaesthesia, and venous
circulation disturbances, as well as the medical effect of the intermittent sequential compression device.
Results: In healthy patients, the restrictive lung syndrome did not approach the risky limit. In patients ≥60 years old, this syndrome
was very close to the limit. In a number of patients with serious cardiovascular and pulmonary pathology, the pressure of
>10 mmHg was considered to be intolerable. Lung compliance, which was the parameter most sensitive to the increased intraabdominal
pressure, was 47 ± 10 at baseline, and 29 ± 4 (p > 0.05) at both PPP and real PP (14 mmHg).
Conclusions: The PPP model is quite similar to the real PP and can be used for preoperative prognosis in laparoscopic surgery. The elevated
intraabdominal pressure results in a significant disturbance of venous blood flow in the lower extremities. The use of the
device for peristaltic pneumomassage of the lower limbs is effective in correcting negative changes in venous hemodynamics
in laparoscopic surgery.
Received: 28 July 1997/Accepted: 12 January 1998 相似文献
18.
Background: Most patients presenting with pancreatic cancer are irresectable at the time the diagnosis is made. Therefore, they are in
need of palliative treatment that can guarantee minimal morbidity, mortality, and hospital stay. To address this need, we
designed a study to test the feasibility of laparoscopic gastroenterostomy and hepaticojejunostomy and to compare their results
with those achieved with open techniques.
Methods: We performed a case control study of a new concept in laparoscopic palliation based on the findings of preoperative imaging
and diagnostic laparoscopy. Laparoscopic side-to-side gastroenterostomy and end-to-side hepaticojejunostomy (Roux-en-Y) were
done in irresectable cases. Of 14 patients who underwent laparoscopic palliation, three had a laparoscopic double bypass,
seven had a gastroenterostomy, and four underwent staging laparoscopy only. The results were compared with a population of
14 matched patients who had conventional palliative procedures.
Results: Postoperative morbidity was 7% vs 43% for laparoscopic and open palliation, respectively (p < 0.05). There were no mortalities in the laparoscopic group, as compared to 29% in the group who had open bypass surgery
(p < 0.05). Postoperative hospital stay averaged 9 days in the laparoscopic group and 21 days in the open group (p < 0.06). Operating time tended to be shorter in the laparoscopic group (p < 0.25). Morphine derivatives were necessary for a significantly shorter period after laparoscopic surgery (p < 0.03).
Conclusions: Our preliminary experience strongly suggests that laparoscopic palliation can reduce the three major drawbacks of open bypass
surgery—i.e., high morbidity, high mortality, and long hospital stay.
Received: 24 February 1999/Accepted: 13 May 1999 相似文献
19.
A. L. Halverson W. L. Barrett P. Bhanot J. E. Phillips A. R. Iglesias L. K. Jacobs J. M. Sackier 《Surgical endoscopy》1999,13(1):14-16
Background: The laparoscopic approach to hernia repair has been advocated by many as a potentially superior method of herniorraphy. Several
techniques have been described, each with its own proposed advantages. These techniques involve different anatomic approaches,
the most recent of which is the totally extraperitoneal approach (TEPA). One presumed advantage of the extraperitoneal approach
is the avoidance of adhesion formation because the peritoneum is not entered and mesh is not placed in direct contact with
intra-abdominal structures. We hypothesize, however, that when the peritoneum is dissected from the abdominal wall, it is
partially devascularized, leading to scar formation and potential adhesion formation. This would suggest that the TEPA method
of herniorraphy may not completely avoid the risks of intra-abdominal adhesion formation.
Methods: After appropriate approval was obtained, 88 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two equal groups. One group underwent
laparotomy followed by careful blunt dissection of the peritoneum from the left abdominal wall. The control group underwent
laparotomy without manipulation of the peritoneum. All animals were re-explored 14 days later, and the abdominal cavity was
examined for adhesions. The type and location of any adhesion was recorded.
Results: Adhesion formation occurred in 10 of 44 (23%) subjects in the peritoneal dissection group, compared with 3 of 44 (7%) in
the nondissection group (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Dissection of the peritoneum from the overlying abdominal wall in the murine model leads to intra-abdominal adhesion formation.
This suggests that peritoneal dissection in the TEPA method of herniorraphy may lead to intra-abdominal adhesion formation.
Received: 13 January 1998/Accepted: 22 May 1998 相似文献
20.
Pediatric laparoscopic splenectomy 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
Background: Lateral laparoscopic splenectomy in adults, first reported in 1991, was begun with children in 1993.
Methods: The authors reviewed records of 59 patients 2 to 17 years old who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy by the lateral approach
between 1994 and 1998 at four medical centers. Patients received prophylactic penicillin or vaccinations preoperatively.
Results: Of the 59 patients, 51 required splenectomy for one of the following conditions: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, hereditary
spherocytosis, or sickle-cell disease. Splenomegaly was found in 86% of the patients, and ten accessory spleens were resected.
No deaths or infection occurred, and only three patients had perioperative complications: acute chest crisis, small diaphragmatic
injury, and intraoperative hemorrhage. One operation was converted to a minilaparatomy because of difficulty with specimen
extraction.
Conclusions: Pediatric laparoscopic splenectomy is safe and effective, resulting in little blood loss, rapid recovery, and a good cosmetic
outcome.
Received: 12 February 1999/Accepted: 24 September 1999/Online publication: 8 May 2000 相似文献