不同部位主动脉插管在A型主动脉夹层手术中的应用体会

目的评价无名动脉插管作为主动脉夹层手术患者体外循环插管的可行性以及安全性。方法选择湖南省人民医院(湖南师范大学附属第一医院)心脏大血管外科2019年1月至2022年12月收治的行急性A型主动脉夹层急诊孙氏手术的259例患者为研究对象,按入选及排除标准选取71例进行回顾性研究。观察组32例,主动脉灌注插管位于无名动脉;对照组39例,主动脉灌注插管位于右侧腋动脉。结果两组比较,观察组手术时间短于对照组,为(338.0±15.2)min vs.(373.1±14.3)min(P=0.001);体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、深低温停循环时间、72 h内引流量以及72 h内红细胞输注量无差异(P>0.05)。观察组有2例(6.2%)二次开胸止血,均为近端吻合口少量渗血,与插管位置无关。呼吸机辅助呼吸时间、ICU停留时间、住院时间、肾功能不全发生率两组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。71例患者中,无30 d内死亡;术后脑卒中观察组有2例(6.2%),对照组有3例(7.7%),且两组各有1例患者因此出现术后右侧肢体活动障碍,经2个月左右康复治疗后均能扶拐行走。术后在出院前均复查主动脉电子计算机断层扫描血管造影(computed tomography angiography,CTA),未见插管处腋动脉、头臂干新发夹层或存在狭窄。结论无名动脉插管和腋动脉插管在主动脉夹层手术中都是安全可行的,具体选择哪种方法需要根据患者的具体情况和手术需求来确定。     

保留自体头臂血管的孙氏手术在急性主动脉夹层中的应用

目的探索保留自体头臂血管的孙氏手术在治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的手术技术要点及手术适应证。方法 2011年8月至2013年10月我院连续收治28例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者,均腋动脉插管,中低温选择顺行性脑灌注下行两血管片法保留自体头臂血管的孙氏手术,其中男23例、女5例,年龄29～62(47±8)岁。其中高血压病患者26例,马方综合征患者2例,同期行主动脉根部置换术(Bentall术)4例,Bentall+二尖瓣置换术(MVR)1例,主动脉窦成形6例。结果体外循环时间(167±35)min,主动脉阻断时间(80±22)min,选择性脑灌注时间(29±5)min,本组住院死亡1例,主要死亡原因为术后急性肝衰竭;神经系统并发症2例,患者1周后延迟苏醒,经治疗后痊愈出院。患者出院前均行主动脉CTA检查,自体头臂动脉显影清晰,周围无造影剂外溢,降主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大,25例患者支架段假腔完全血栓化,2例出现内漏。对27例患者随访47(36～62)个月:其中1例因胸腹主动脉扩张行全胸腹主动脉置换换术,1例术后2年余因支架人工血管远端血管破裂急诊行主动脉腔内隔绝术。结论对于头臂动脉未受累及的急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者,保留自体头臂血管的孙氏手术安全有效,手术死亡及相关并发症发生率较低,近中期结果良好。     

弓部优先技术在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层孙氏手术弓部重建中的应用

为评价弓部优先技术在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层孙氏手术弓部重建中应用的效果,收集2016年9月至2018年2月采用弓部优先重建技术完成的23例急性A型主动脉夹层弓部重建患者资料,男14例,女9例,年龄(50.5±10.2)岁。体外循环动脉泵管经"Y"接头分出2根,一根与股动脉插管连接,另一根与四分支人工血管灌...     

股动脉和腋动脉插管策略在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的疗效分析

目的 探讨股动脉和腋动脉插管策略在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的应用疗效.方法 收集2011年1月至2021年1月福建医科大学省立临床医学院/福建省立医院收治的562例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料,所有患者均行手术治疗.根据插管策略不同将患者分为腋动脉组[n=328,行腋动脉插管建立体外...     

改良双侧脑灌注在DeBakey Ⅰ型急性主动脉夹层手术中的应用

目的 研究改良双侧脑灌注在DeBakeyⅠ型急性主动脉夹层手术中应用的价值.方法 14例DeBakeyⅠ型急性主动脉夹层患者在深低温停循环下行手术治疗.术中采用主动脉弓腔内直视下行头臂干和左颈总动脉插管的改良双侧脑灌注技术进行脑保护.结果 全组体外循环190～325min,平均(241.78±31.74)min,心肌阻断时间71～133min,平均(104.36±17.07)min,脑灌注时间32～70min,平均(53.50±9.25)min.全组患者仅1例出现短暂性脑神经功能异常,无脑梗塞,脑出血等其他中枢神经系统损伤.结论 DeBakeyⅠ型急性主动脉夹层手术中,采用经主动脉弓腔内直视下行头臂干和左颈总动脉插管的改良双侧脑灌注技术进行脑保护,其方法 简便、安全、有效.     

急性主动脉夹层累及根部的外科治疗

目的探讨Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层累及根部的手术治疗策略。方法上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院自2005年1月至2010年12月,共62例Stanford A型急性主动脉夹层累及根部的患者接受手术治疗。根据对夹层近心端采用的不同手术处理方法分为3组,A组:28例,男20例、女8例,年龄(45.2±15.6)岁;行主动脉瓣交界悬吊+升主动脉置换术;B组:10例,男7例、女3例,年龄(44.6±14.9)岁;行部分窦部成形+升主动脉置换术;C组:24例,男17例、女7例,年龄(46.2±15.6)岁;行Bentall手术。比较分析3组患者的临床效果。结果围术期死亡6例,病死率为9.67%(6/62)。共随访54例,随访(27.3±15.7)个月。随访期间死亡2例,1例死亡原因不明,1例死于肺癌。A组1例患者术后6个月复查CT显示主动脉窦部假性动脉瘤。C组体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间明显较A组和B组长[(274±97)min vs.(194±65)min、(210±77)min,t=22.482,30.419,P=0.002,0.122;(150±56)min vs.(97±33)min、(105±46)min,t=12.630,17.089,P=0.000,0.034]。3组患者的住院死亡率(t=1.352,P=0.516)及围术期二次开胸、急性肾损伤、神经系统并发症发生情况差异无统计学意义(t=0.855,0.342,2.281;P=0.652,0.863,0.320)。结论针对急性主动脉夹层病变累及根部的手术治疗可以采用主动脉瓣交界悬吊+升主动脉置换术、部分窦部成形+升主动脉置换术和Bentall手术等方法,并各有其优缺点。掌握每种方法的手术指征,灵活运用,可以获得满意的临床效果。     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层合并下肢缺血的外科治疗

目的:探讨使用缺血侧下肢股动脉及右腋动脉插管行孙氏手术在急性A型主动脉夹层合并下肢缺血外科治疗中的效果。方法:回顾性分析2017年7月至2019年5月,12例采用缺血侧股动脉人工血管及右腋动脉双插管治疗的合并下肢缺血的急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者资料。患者均为男性,年龄(48.4±8.4)岁。合并单侧下肢缺...     

猪主动脉夹层模型的建立

目的在非体外循环下建立猪急性StanfordB型主动脉夹层模型,为临床探讨主动脉夹层治疗方法提供实验手段。方法将10头小猪分为两组,均在非体外循环下进行。组(n=4)通过主动脉侧壁钳钳夹部分降主动脉,切开主动脉侧壁,分离主动脉中、内1/3管壁,通过升高血压冲击主动脉壁,建立急性StanfordB型主动脉夹层模型;组(n=6)先建立猪左颈动脉-左股动脉转流,完全阻断降主动脉,其余步骤同组。结果组未形成夹层及假腔,组除1头猪因术中气管插管脱出而窒息死亡,其余5头主动脉夹层均形成,剪开主动脉壁,见夹层及假腔向远端扩展达膈肌水平,长度约14～18cm,光学显微镜下观察,见夹层在主动脉中层产生。结论通过预置左颈动脉-左股动脉转流,完全阻断降主动脉,机械分离主动脉壁,利用升高血压冲击主动脉壁,造成夹层分离,可以成功建立猪急性StanfordB型主动脉夹层模型。     

不同腋动脉插管方法在StanfordA型主动脉夹层手术中的应用

目的比较两种不同右侧腋动脉插管方法对Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者行主动脉弓置换术的安全性和临床效果。方法 2008年7月至2010年7月北京安贞医院对280例Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者采用右侧腋动脉插管建立体外循环(CPB),行全弓置换+降主动脉支架人工血管植入术。根据术中腋动脉插管方式将280例患者分为两组,直接插管组(n=215),年龄(43.1±9.5)岁,行直接腋动脉插管;间接插管组(n=65),年龄(44.7±8.3)岁,腋动脉连接人工血管行间接插管。观察两组患者的安全性,比较相关手术参数、临床结果和术后恢复情况。结果住院死亡10例,其中直接插管组7例(7/215,3.3%),间接插管组3例(3/65,4.6%);所有患者均成功行腋动脉插管;术后25例(25/280,8.9%)出现暂时性神经系统功能障碍,其中直接插管组19例(8.8%),间接插管组6例(9.2%),均经治疗痊愈。间接插管组患者术后腋动脉插管并发症明显少于直接插管组,差异有统计学意义((1例vs.19例,P=0.045)。两组患者体外循环期间最高流量、最高泵压,深低温停循环时间、顺行性脑灌注时间和CPB时间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经人工血管右侧腋动脉插管可以降低腋动脉插管相关并发症,安全用于Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的外科手术治疗。     

A型主动脉夹层合并降主动脉真腔狭小的外科治疗策略

目的:探讨A型主动脉夹层合并降主动脉真腔狭小的外科治疗方法及疗效。方法:回顾性分析本中心2017年1月至2019年12月9例A型主动脉夹层合并降主动脉真腔狭小患者的临床治疗资料。其中男7例,女2例,年龄21～56(41.6±9.2)岁;急性夹层2例,慢性夹层7例,马方综合征5例。术前全主动脉CTA检查证实为A型主动脉夹...     

Ascending aorta cannulation in stanford type a acute aortic dissection

Establishment of cardiopulmonary bypass for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection( type A AAD) should be quick and safe. The femoral artery, axillary artery, ascending aorta, and left ventricular apex are potential access points for cannulation. The most important reason for establishing cardiopulmonary bypass for type A AAD is to allow antegrade blood flow through the true lumen. Starting in 2007, Jakob et al, and Inoue et al. applied the technique of ascending aortic cannulation for type A AAD. From 2008, we applied this method of ascending aorta cannulation in 8 patients and compared preoperative, operative, and postoperative data with a control group, or the femoral artery cannulation group. Ascending aorta cannulation was done safely and easily with the use of the Seldinger technique under epiaortic color Doppler echography and transesophageal echography. No cerebral events or hypoperfusion-based complications occurred in the group of ascending aorta cannulation. Given that no cases of complication occurred using this method, it could be considered as an effective choice of cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass.     

Postoperative peri-axillary seroma following axillary artery cannulation for surgical treatment of acute type A aortic dissection

The arterial cannulation site for optimal tissue perfusion and cerebral protection during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for surgical treatment of acute type A aortic dissection remains controversial. Right axillary artery cannulation confers significant advantages, because it provides antegrade arterial perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass, and allows continuous antegrade cerebral perfusion during hypothermic circulatory arrest, thereby minimizing global cerebral ischemia. However, right axillary artery cannulation has been associated with serious complications, including problems with systemic perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass, problems with postoperative patency of the artery due to stenosis, thrombosis or dissection, and brachial plexus injury. We herein present the case of a 36-year-old Caucasian man with known Marfan syndrome and acute type A aortic dissection, who had direct right axillary artery cannulation for surgery of the ascending aorta. Postoperatively, the patient developed an axillary perigraft seroma. As this complication has, not, to our knowledge, been reported before in cardiothoracic surgery, we describe this unusual complication and discuss conservative and surgical treatment options.     

A case of intraoperative acute aortic dissection caused by cannulation into an axillary artery.

Severe atherosclerotic disease of the ascending aorta is one of the risk factors of dissection of the ascending aorta and cerebral embolism during cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass. Aortic dissection is rare, but once it happens, the mortality rate is high. For the patient with severely atherosclerotic or strongly calcified aorta, we should avoid cannulation into the aorta or clamping of it. In this case, we experienced aortic dissection although we chose the arterial cannulations into the axillary arteries because of the strong calcification of the ascending aorta and the abdominal aorta. The dissection was caused by the cannulation into the axillary artery. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed the dissection during the operation and the ascending aorta was replaced soon. Early diagnosis and treatment saved the patient. This case showed the following points: 1) cannulation into an axillary artery is not always safe; 2) TEE is very useful to detect the complicated dissection during operation; 3) replacement of the ascending aorta alone can be one of the choices for the treatment of aortic dissection caused by cannulation into an axillary artery.     

Ascending aorta cannulation in acute type A aortic dissection

Objective: Antegrade perfusion for type A acute aortic dissection prevents malperfusion and retrograde cerebral embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. Prompt establishment of antegrade perfusion via ascending aorta may improve the surgical results of type A dissections, especially in the situations of hemodynamic instability. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of use of the dissected ascending aorta as an alternative arterial inflow. Methods: Between 2002 and 2006, 32 patients underwent prosthetic graft replacement of the ascending aorta or hemiarch for acute type A aortic dissection. The ascending aorta was routinely cannulated, in addition to the femoral artery, with a heparin-coating flexible cannula for arterial inflow, using Seldinger technique, and by epiaortic ultrasonographic guidance (n = 6). Antegrade systemic perfusion via ascending aorta was performed. Results: Ascending aorta cannulation was safely performed in all cases. There was no malperfusion or thromboembolism due to ascending aorta cannulation. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established within 30 min after skin incision. There was one in-hospital death due to duodenal bleeding (1/32 = 3.1%), two cases of cerebral infarction (2/32 = 6.3%), and one case of pulmonary embolism. Twenty-nine patients (29/32 = 90.6%) were discharged in New York Heart Association class I and have been followed up uneventfully for a mean of 17 months. Conclusions: Antegrade perfusion via the ascending aorta was successfully performed with low mortality and morbidity. With ultrasound-guided Seldinger technique, ascending aorta cannulation has a potential to be a simple and safe option that enables rapid establishment of antegrade systemic perfusion in patients with acute type A aortic dissection.     

Central cannulation for type A acute aortic dissection

We present a simple new method for establishing cardiopulmonary bypass to treat type A acute aortic dissection. Antegrade blood flow in the true lumen is theoretically best to prevent malperfusion and retrograde embolization. Central cannulation can be performed in the true lumen of the dissected ascending aorta using an ultrasonographically guided puncture technique such as 'Seldinger's method'.     

Axillary artery cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass reduces cerebral microemboli

BACKGROUND: Aortic cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is linked to cerebral microemboli emanating from the ascending aorta. Aortic calcification or disease requiring replacement precludes aortic cannulation. Clinical experience with axillary artery cannulation led to the hypothesis that axillary cannulation may be cerebroprotective. METHODS: Five mongrel dogs underwent a median sternotomy and isolation of the right axillary artery. The canine bicarotid brachiocephalic trunk was reconfigured by grafting the origin of the left carotid to the proximal left subclavian artery. Microspheres were injected into the ascending aorta during 4 conditions: before and after reconfiguration, CPB with aortic cannulation, and CPB with axillary cannulation. Brain, kidneys, and skeletal muscle were analyzed for microsphere distribution. RESULTS: Each animal served as its own control for comparison of aortic and axillary cannulation. No significant differences were documented in microsphere deposition for prereconfiguration and postreconfiguration. In the right middle cerebral artery distribution, 2300 +/- 710 microspheres per gram were deposited during aortic cannulation, compared with 540 +/- 110 during axillary cannulation (P <.05). In the left middle cerebral artery region, 2030 +/- 330 microspheres per gram with aortic cannulation were reduced to 1320 +/- 240 with axillary cannulation (P <.05). Axillary cannulation resulted in 73% fewer microspheres in the right brain and 40% fewer microspheres in the left compared with aortic cannulation (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Axillary artery cannulation for CPB is cerebroprotective. Altered blood-flow patterns during axillary cannulation may produce retrograde brachiocephalic artery blood flow and competing intracerebral right-to-left collateral blood flow, deflecting emboli from the ascending aorta and arch toward the descending aorta. Expanded use of axillary artery cannulation during cardiac operations could decrease the incidence of stroke.     

Operation on acute type A aortic dissection using transapical aortic cannulation

We experienced a case of operation for acute type A aortic dissection using transapical aortic cannulation (TAC). A 62-year-old male with chest and back pain admitted to our hospital. The chest computed tomography (CT) showed the dissection of total aorta. Hemiarch repair (circulatory arrest time: 64 min, pump time: 152 min) was performed by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) established with bicaval cannulation and TAC in this case. The reason why we use TAC is that retrograde perfusion by femoral artery has a high-risk of malperfusion and cerebral embolism because of atheromatous change in aorta, and the use of the axillary artery can be troublesome because of the vessel's small diameter. We considered that in cases of acute aortic dissection, TAC is much safer and simpler than femoral or axillary cannulation.     

Axillary Artery Cannulation for Cardiopulmonary Bypass during Surgery on the Ascending Aorta and Arch

Abstract   Background: Performing axillary artery cannulation, during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with an atherosclerotic ascending aorta or acute dissection of the ascending aorta and arch, is of growing interest. Our aim is to present our experience, to describe the surgical technique, and to demonstrate the sufficient cerebral and total body perfusion through axillary artery cannulation. Patients and Methods: Twenty-two patients (17 male, five female) underwent surgical treatment with the axillary technique. The log euro SCORE ranged from 6.77% to 70% (mean 28.28). Nine of these patients underwent elective procedure. Eight underwent aortic surgery for pathologies of the aorta and in one patient we performed combined aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting. Thirteen patients underwent emergency operation because of acute dissection of the aorta. Twelve of these patients had a type A dissection (according to Stanford classification) and one patient had a type B aortic dissection. Results: The majority of complications were associated with ruptured dissection of the thoracoabdominal aorta and acute dissection of ascending aorta. Despite preoperative disease states that placed our patients at high risk of stroke and visceral end-organ injury, no clinically demonstrable permanent postoperative deficits were observed. Our patients had no neurological dysfunction, stroke, or other complications. Conclusions: Antegrade cerebral perfusion is of paramount importance in cases of aortic atherosclerosis or aortic dissection. The axillary artery provides an excellent site for safe antegrade perfusion, which may play a role in preventing stroke.     

Transapical aortic cannulation in the operation of acute type A aortic dissection

From June 2003 to November 2006, transapical aortic cannulation was performed in 73 patients (41 men and 32 women, mean age 63 years, 64 hemiarch repair and 9 total arch replacement) with acute type A aortic dissection. A 1-cm incision was made in the apex of the left ventricle, and a 7-mm soft and flexible cannula was passed through the apex and across the aortic valve until positioned in the ascending aorta under guidance by transesophageal echocardiography. In all cases, cardiopulmonary bypass flow was sufficient. There were no malperfusion events. Our results showed that transapical aortic cannulation was secure and useful for repair of acute type A aortic dissection.     

Decreased cerebral emboli during distal aortic arch cannulation: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral emboli occur during cardiopulmonary bypass and are a principal cause of postoperative neurologic dysfunction. We hypothesized that arterial cannulation of the distal aortic arch, with placement of the cannula tip beyond the left subclavian artery, will result in fewer cerebral microemboli than conventional cannulation of the ascending aorta. METHODS: Patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery with a single crossclamp technique were randomized to receive cannulation of the distal aortic arch (n = 17) or standard cannulation of the ascending aorta (control group, n = 17). Trendelenburg positioning was used whenever possible. Cerebral emboli were quantified by continuous transcranial Doppler monitoring of the middle cerebral artery. RESULTS: Baseline demographics were similar for the 2 groups of patients, including cardiopulmonary bypass and crossclamp times. Cerebral microemboli were detected during cardiopulmonary bypass in all patients, with a range of 17 to 627 emboli. The total number of detected emboli was lower in the arch cannulation group (152 +/- 33, mean +/- standard error of the mean) than in the conventional cannulation group (249 +/- 35, P =.04). Embolization rates were lower in distal arch patients than in control patients during cardiopulmonary bypass (2.0 +/- 0.3 vs 4.2 +/- 0.9 per minute, respectively, P =.03). Reduction in cerebral emboli by distal arch cannulation was most pronounced during perfusionist interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Cannulation of the distal aortic arch results in less cerebral microembolism than conventional cannulation of the ascending aorta. Provided it is performed safely, distal arch cannulation may be an important surgical option for patients with severe atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta.