Smoking expectancies as mediators between dietary restraint and disinhibition and smoking in college women

Women's beliefs about the appetite and weight control properties of cigarette smoking, dietary restraint and disinhibition, and smoking status were examined. As hypothesized, dietary restraint and disinhibition predicted appetite and weight control expectancies and smoking rate, such that women higher in dietary restraint and disinhibition reported stronger beliefs in the appetite and weight control properties of cigarettes and were more likely to be smoking than those lower in dietary restraint and disinhibition. Consistent with previous research, smoking expectancies for appetite and weight control predicted smoking status and smoking rate. Smoking expectancies for appetite and weight control were found to mediate the relationship between dietary restraint and smoking, and between disinhibition and smoking. This relationship between smoking and dietary constructs should be considered in smoking cessation and dietary interventions with young women.     

Determination of binary mixtures of analgesic and spasmolytic drugs in pure and dosage forms by derivative spectrophotometry

Binary mixtures of dipyrone and pitophenone hydrochloride are assayed by zero-crossing second- and third-derivative spectrophotometry and by ratio-spectra first- and second-derivative spectrophotometry. In the first method, calibration plots are linear at 266.5 and 302.5 nm (dipyrone, second derivative), and 257 and 286 nm (pitophenone second derivative) and 242 and 278.3 nm (dipyrone third derivative), and 228.5 and 300 nm (pitophenone, third-derivative). By the second method, lines of regression are linear at 235 and 262 nm (dipyrone, first derivative), and 229.5 and 288.5 nm (pitophenone, first-derivative), and 249.7 and 268 nm (dipyrone, second derivative), and 280.5 and 300 nm (pitophenone, second-derivative). In all methods calibration curves follow the Beer's law up to 40 microg/ml of each drug. LOD and LOQ values were calculated. The developed derivative spectrophotometric methods were applied to laboratory mixtures and to vials for these drugs. The procedures are simple, rapid, and did not require any preliminary separation or treatment of the samples.     

中医药防治肿瘤放化疗后骨髓抑制的应用及研究进展

介绍目前中医药防治肿瘤放化疗后骨髓抑制的治法和经验,对其临床疗效进行分析,为临床有效防治放化疗导致的骨髓抑制提供选方依据和思路。通过检索中医药防治肿瘤放化疗后骨髓抑制的相关临床和实验研究文献,对中医药防治骨髓抑制的方药和治法及其临床疗效进行综述。结果显示,中医药防治肿瘤放化疗后骨髓抑制的治法主要有内治法和外治法,内治法包括经方验方治疗、自拟方辩证施治及中成药治疗,灸法是最常用的外治法,内治法和外治法均取得了较好的临床疗效,其作用机制也得到了初步阐释。中医药防治肿瘤放化疗后骨髓抑制效果显著,值得推广,但其有效物质基础、作用机制、作用靶点等尚不明确,仍需进行进一步研究。     

食管癌bax和bcl-2蛋白的定性和定量研究

目的：探讨bax和bcl-2蛋白表达在食管癌发生和发展中的作用。方法：应用免疫组化，流式细胞术和细胞免疫荧光技术对70例食管鳞癌组织bax和bcl-2蛋白进行定性和定量检测。结果：免疫组化研究示bax 蛋白阳性表达32例，bcl-2蛋白阳性表达43例，bax和bcl-2蛋白表达与肿瘤病理分级和淋巴结转移密切相关（P＜0．05），但与临床分期之间差异无显著意义（P＞0．05），流式细胞定量研究示bax蛋白阳性表达39例,bcl-2蛋白阳性表达65例，bax和bcl-2蛋白表达率和表达量与肿瘤病理分级，分期和淋巴结转移无明显相关（P＞0．05），结论：bax和bcl-2蛋白的异常表达在食管癌发生和发展中起重要作用。     

PK-PD modeling of protein drugs: implications in assay development

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling is an integral part of the preclinical and clinical development of protein drugs. Bioanalytical data from appropriately selected and well-characterized PK and PD biomarker assays can be incorporated into mechanistic PK-PD models and allow a quantitative relationship between protein drug exposure, target modulation, and biochemical, physiological and pathophysiological effects to be established. The selection of PD biomarkers that assess target engagement and modulation in the extracellular milieu and downstream cellular effects can provide proof-of-mechanism and define the magnitude and duration of target modulation following drug administration. The PK-PD data can provide an important link between magnitude of target modulation and clinical efficacy and safety outcomes, and guide the selection of doses and dosing schedules for clinical trials. In this article, approaches to the selection and development of fit-for-purpose, PK and PD assays for protein drugs are reviewed, and the applications of the assay results in PK-PD models are discussed.     

多光谱视网膜成像与光学相干断层扫描血管技术在 非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变检查中的应用

目的　研究光学相干断层扫描血管（OCTA）和多光谱视网膜成像（MSI）技术在非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（NPDR）检查中的应用价值。方法　2型糖尿病合并NPDR患者59例118只眼,均行眼底荧光血管造影（FFA）、MSI及OCTA检查。观察并记录所有患眼在FFA、OCTA和MSI图像中微动脉瘤、硬性渗出、棉绒斑、出血4种眼底病变的影像学特征。以FFA检查结果为金标准,对比分析OCTA和MSI两种无创检查方法对上述眼底改变检出的一致性、敏感度、特异度和约登指数。结果　与FFA比较,OCTA、MSI对NPDR患眼视网膜微动脉瘤检出均具有较好的一致性（Kappa值分别为0.783和0.815）,敏感度分别为98.02%和99.01%,特异度均为76.47%,约登指数分别为74.49%和75.48%;对视网膜硬性渗出,OCTA、MSI均具有较好的一致性（Kappa值分别为0.836和0.891）,敏感度分别为94.59%和95.95%,特异度分别为88.64%和93.81%,约登指数分别为83.23%和89.13%;对视网膜棉绒斑,OCTA与FFA一致性较差,MSI与FFA一致性一般（Kappa值分别为0.192和0.467）,敏感度分别为75.00%和83.33%,特异度分别为66.98%和87.50%,约登指数分别为41.98%和70.83%;对视网膜出血,OCTA与FFA一致性一般,而MSI与FFA具有较好的一致性（Kappa值分别为0.684和0.906）,敏感度分别为93.41%和96.70%,特异度分别为74.07%和96.30%,约登指数分别为67.48%和93.00%。结论　OCTA和MSI诊断NPDR患眼微动脉瘤和硬性渗出均有较高的临床价值,MSI较OCTA对诊断视网膜出血诊断更有优势,但OCTA和MSI用于棉绒斑的诊断时应慎重。     

A role for atorvastatin and insulin combination in protecting from liver injury in a model of type 2 diabetes with hyperlipidemia

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major complication linked with the metabolic syndrome associated with dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Impact of type 2 diabetes with hyperlipidemia in NAFLD has to be established, as well as the utility of commonly prescribed anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering agents in improving liver injury markers. Genetic type 2 diabetic Goto–Kakizaki rats were fed with a high-fat diet to test hepatic effects of type 2 diabetes with hyperlipidemia and the effect of atorvastatin and insulin, individually and in combination, in systemic and hepatic inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. High-fat diet aggravated fasting glycemia, systemic and liver lipids, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Individual treatments improved glycemic and lipid profiles, but failed to improve inflammatory markers, whereas insulin was able to reduce liver oxidative stress parameters. Combination of insulin and atorvastatin further improved glycemic and lipid profiles and decreased circulating C-reactive protein levels and liver inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Insulin and atorvastatin combination leads to better glycaemic and lipid profiles and to better protection against liver inflammation and oxidative stress, giving a superior level of liver protection in type 2 diabetic with hyperlipidemia.     

A dual diagnosis demonstration project: treatment outcomes and cost analysis

This article presents findings from an outpatient dual diagnosis demonstration project that investigated whether integrated treatment services for severely and persistently ill patients with co-occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders could result in improved outcomes and reduction of criminal justice and health care costs. Integrated treatment was defined as a simultaneous focus on both disorders through the provision of psychosocial rehabilitation, psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacologic treatment, and substance abuse recovery and relapse prevention by cross-trained staff. One hundred twenty six (126) patients with multiple DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II disorders were assessed on a variety of mental health, substance abuse, and quality of life measures at baseline and at six-month intervals up to three years post entry into treatment. Criminal justice and health care costs obtained from state and local databases were compared two years before and two years after initiation of treatment to determine cost differences. The study found statistically significant improvements in psychiatric symptoms, substance abuse, and quality of life outcomes. There were also decreases in criminal justice and acute and sub-acute mental health and alcohol and other drug (AOD) costs and increases in outpatient mental health and physical health care costs.     

Comparative study of the antiarrhythmic activity of L-, D-and DL-stereoisomers of potassium magnesium aspartate

Injection forms of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) aspartate (Asp) were compared in preventing cardiac disorders caused by electrolytic disturbances, primarily low K and Mg levels (e.g. caused by the treatment with cardiac glycosides and diuretic drugs). Widely used K- and Mg-Asp preparations (asparkam, panangin, pamaton) are synthesized from aspartic acid representing a racemic mixture of L- and D-stereoisomers. Differences in metabolism and utilization of D- and L-amino acids probably influence the pharmacological properties of K and Mg L- and D-aspartates. Moreover, the pharmacologically effective doses of Mg and K salts can induce toxicity, which depends on the nature of anions. The aim of this study was to compare of antiarrhythmic action of K and Mg L-, D-, and DL-Asp stereoisomers using calcium chloride (CaCl2) and aconitine induced arrhythmia models in rats and strophanthin-K induced arrhythmia model in guinea pigs. It was found that intravenously administered K- and Mg-L-Asp exhibited higher activity compared to K- and Mg-D- and DL-Asp on the strophanthin-K, CaCl2, and aconitine induced arrhythmia models. Indeed, K- and Mg-L-Asp more effectively decreased the incidence of arrhythmias, increased the time to onset of the first arrhythmia, decreased percentage loss of rats, and increased the survival life of animals after the first arrhythmia onset in rats with arrhythmias induced by strophanthin-K and CaCl2 as compared to K and Mg-D- and DL-Asp. At the same time K- and Mg-L-Asp was better than D- and DL-Asp with respect to acute toxicity (LD50), effective dose (ED50) and antiarrhythmic (therapeutic) ratio (LD50/ED50) in rats with aconitine-induced arrhythmia model.     

国际药品监管科学发展概况

食品药品监管科学是近十几年发展形成的前沿学科,受到世界科学界和管理界的重视。食品药品监管科学不仅研究制定医药创新产品的监管政策、监管法规构建方法、产品创新技术策略以及各类创新产品的标准等,而且研发评估医药创新产品安全性、有效性、质量及性能和制定科学监管法规具有重要意义,特别在医药产品开发和评价和产品研发、生产、流通监管中具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。分析回顾了国际食品药品监管科学的发展概况,介绍国际药品监管和监管科学发展的情况,希望对该新兴学科发展研究者和管理者获益。     

结、直肠癌中PRL-3、RhoC的表达及与浸润转移的关系

目的:探讨肝再生磷酸酶-3(PRL-3)与RhoC的表达与结、直肠癌浸润转移的关系及其相关性。方法:采用免疫组化法检测48例结、直肠癌组织中PRL-3和RhoC的表达情况,结合临床病理学资料,分析其与结直肠癌浸润转移的关系及其相关性。结果:结、直肠癌中RhoC、PRL-3蛋白阳性表达率分别为64.58%(31/48)和68.75%(33/48),二者的表达与结、直肠癌的浸润深度、临床分期和有无淋巴结转移相关,而与病人的年龄、性别、肿瘤细胞分化程度无相关性。在结、直肠癌中PRL-3、RhoC蛋白的表达具有密切相关性。结论:结、直肠癌中PRL-3、RhoC蛋白的表达与其浸润转移密切相关,联合检测这两个指标对了解结、直肠癌的生物学行为和判断预后具有一定的价值。     

关于抗肿瘤药物的研究——Ⅳ.N-甲酰溶肉瘤素与溶肉瘤素的效价比较

对药物的评价不仅决定于治疗剂量的大小,还取决于药物治疗剂量与中毒剂量差距的大小(即治疗指数及安全限).我们在寻找抗肿瘤新药的研究中,发现N-甲酸溶肉瘤素(以下简称N-甲)有明显的抗肿瘤作用.从化学结构看来,N-甲与溶肉瘤素非常相似,但临床观察表明,N-甲对溶肉瘤素不敏感的淋巴肉瘤、何杰金氏病却有明显疗效.因此,我们对N-甲及溶肉瘤素在三种动物肿瘤作用的效价进行了比较.本文即研究初步结果的简报.材料及方法药物系由我所药物化学系合成室供给.N-甲批号是6103,熔点为148-151℃,实验前将药物混悬于2％淀粉糊中.溶肉瘤素批号是S615,熔点为178-181℃,实验前将药物用70-80℃蒸馏水溶解,现用现配.     

医院内传染病防控与医院感染管理

目的探讨医院感染管理在医院内传染病防控中的地位和作用,并对下一步如何在医院感染管理工作中加强医院内传染病防控作用中提出了自己的看法。方法通过检索医院感染管理和医院内传染病防控文献,结合自己的实践经验,分析探讨医院感染管理在医院内传染病防控中的地位和作用,不足和改进的措施。结果在规章制度上,《传染病防治法》和《医院感染管理规范》都明确了医院内需要有专门的部门负责医院内的传染病的防控,疫情汇报等工作。医院感染管理是医院内传染病防控的主要管理单位,是疾病预防控制中心在医院内防治传染病的预防控制和执行机构。在实际工作中,医院感染管理科负责医院内传染病疫情的汇报,监督,报告等工作,并且在如SARS,H7N9禽流感等大规模的传染病中发挥着预警、监测等作用。结论充分发挥医院感染管理人员在传染病预防、控制、监测、报告、预警及监督检查等工作方面的作用,是医院快速有效防治传染病的重要保证。     

甘氨酸对烧伤大鼠失控炎症反应的调控作用及机制研究探讨

目的 探讨对于烧伤大鼠采用甘氨酸调控过度炎症反应的作用及其相关机制.方法 本次研究主要是通过对大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内游离钙离子浓度影响的分析来确定甘氨酸对烧伤大鼠失控炎症反应的调控作用.结果 3、6、12、24 h,烧伤合并脓毒症组血浆LPS水平与其他3组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05).3h,烧伤合并脓毒症组血浆TNF-α水平与单纯烧伤组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);6、12h,烧伤合并脓毒症组TNF-α水平与其他3组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05);24h,烧伤合并脓毒症、谷氨酰胺治疗组TNF-α水平与其他3组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05).:3h,4组大鼠血浆IL-10水平整体比较,差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);6h,烧伤合并脓毒症、甘氨酸治疗组血浆IL-10水平与其他3组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);12、24 h,烧伤合并脓毒症、甘氨酸治疗组血浆IL-10水平与烧伤合并脓毒症、谷氨酰胺治疗组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05).结论 Gln及Gly在临床上具有抗炎及抗脓毒症作用,能够在一定程度上降低烧伤后脓毒症大鼠血浆LPS水平以及抑制炎性细胞因子TNF-α分泌,并促进抗炎因子IL-10分泌.     

沈阳战区某部战伤自救互救技能掌握及知识需求情况调查分析

目的 了解基层官兵对战伤自救互救训练技能掌握及知识需求情况.方法 通过现场考核及问卷调查方式对726名官兵战伤自救互救技能掌握及知识需求情况进行分析.结果 干部、士官和战士战伤自救互救现场考核结果、知识掌握情况及在医学常识和解剖学基础知识需求方面比较差异均无统计学差异(P＞0.05);对训练防护知识的需求评分战士高于士官和干部,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在季节防病方面的需求评分战士与士官高于干部,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 构建梯度教学层次、在规范训练的基础上辅以适量的医学常识和解剖学基础知识,可以在一定程度上提高官兵自救互救技能的训练效果.     

80例脊柱创伤病的临床分析

目的：探讨脊柱创伤病的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2010年11月-2013年11月本院收治的80例脊柱创伤病患者,在行X线、CT及MRI检查,全面了解患者术前脊柱受损情况后,对患者行椎弓根植骨术进行治疗,比较患者术前以及术后一个月后的伤椎椎体前后缘压缩率、Cobb角,并观察神经功能、脊柱活动度等的恢复情况。结果相比于术前,手术一个月后的椎体前缘、后缘的压缩率以及Cobb角均显著降低;并且患者伤椎的脊髓神经功能恢复效果良好。结论术前对患者行CT、MRI联合诊断,并采用椎弓根植骨术以及钉棒固定术,这对于治疗脊柱创伤病具有较好的临床疗效,值得临床推广。     

从落实《药品管理法》角度探讨假劣药认定检验的管理

目的:为药品检验机构等相关单位落实《药品管理法》,规范高效开展假劣药认定检验提供参考.方法:通过对比研究、文献研究和政策分析,从假劣药定义、认定依据等方面的变化,分析新修订《药品管理法》对假劣药认定检验的影响,以及假劣药认定检验实际工作中面临的问题和挑战,提出落实《药品管理法》做好假劣药认定检验的建议.结果:新修订《药...     

哮喘儿童心理行为障碍的临床研究

目的 探讨哮喘儿童与正常儿童在心理行为方面的差异及心理行为干预治疗在哮喘治疗效果.方法 根据病例对照研究原则,采用首都儿科研究院设计的"哮喘患儿问卷"、"哮喘患儿家长问卷"和Achen-bach儿童行为调查表分别对126名哮喘儿童及126名正常儿童的心理行为问题进行了归纳研究,并对28名哮喘儿童在药物治疗的基础上进行了3个月及6个月的心理行为的干预治疗并测定肺功能.结果 哮喘儿童心理行为问题明显高于正常儿童,哮喘的不同程度、不同性别,其行为问题不完全相同.对哮喘儿童在药物治疗的基础上配合心理行为的干预治疗,可明显改变善喘的症状、改善肺功能、矫治不良心理行为、提高生活质量.结论 哮喘儿童易出现心理行为问题,对哮喘儿童进行必要的心理行为干预治疗,对控制哮喘症状改善肺功能、矫治不良心理行为、提高生活质量均有积极作用.     

不同气质类型官兵实弹训练期间心理状态特点

目的探讨军事应激条件下,官兵气质类型与实弹训练前后心理状况之间的关系。方法对参加实弹训练的装甲某部官兵119名,在训练前、训练后采用艾森克简式个性问卷(EPQ—RSC)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)评定,并对评定结果进行统计分析。结果SCL-90测试结果显示:在平时和实弹训练期间,属于胆汁质和抑郁质类型的官兵与属于多血质和黏液质官兵的得分存在显著差异;对实弹训练期间和平时的SCL-90结果进行配对t检验,结果发现胆汁质官兵的躯体化和焦虑因子均分较平时有所增高(P< 0．05),多血质官兵的躯体化和恐怖因子均分有所上升(P<0．05)。而黏液质和抑郁质官兵实弹训练前后的SCL-90结果并无明显差异(P>0．05)。结论在平时和实弹训练条件下,不同气质类型装甲某部官兵的心理状况有较大差异。     

老年全膝关节置换术后中医辨证分型及规范化的初步研究

目的 观察老年全膝关节置换术后中医辨证分型及规范化情况.方法 80例老年全膝关节置换术后患者,分析术前、术后中医辨证分型情况并进行比较.结果 术前占比较高者为气滞血瘀证41.25％、气虚血瘀证18.75％,而术后占比较高者为气虚血瘀证36.25％、肾虚血瘀证18.75％,术前与术后中医证型分布情况比较,差异有统计学意义...