创伤后颅骨缺损EBCT三维测量及数据库的建立

目的探索建立创伤后颅骨缺损数据库,为颅骨缺损的三维测量及个性化设计提供研究的平台。方法对电子束CT扫描颅骨缺损的患者,应用自主开发的骨组织表面绘制软件3DMSR对CT原始数据进行分析处理和三维测量,并转换成适用于快速成型、个性化修复和数据库建立的通用格式。结果1995年至2004年,对84例创伤后颅骨缺损的患者,应用电子束CT和计算机辅助设计技术进行三维测量和个性化手术模拟,根据不同病例的具体情况分别采用自体颅骨外板、自体下颌骨外板、MEDPOR、钛网及钛合金个性化修复体等方法完成治疗,并将相关信息建成颅骨缺损数据库。结论颅骨缺损数据库的建立,对于个性化治疗方案及相关研究,具有积极的意义。     

应用三维重建技术修复大块颅骨缺损四例

2004-2006年，笔者采用电子束三维CT成像技术，将医用钛合金预制成个性化钛板置人体，完成了4例患者的大块颅骨缺损修复，效果满意。     

钛合金板置入在颅骨缺损修复中的应用

目的:探讨钛合金板置入在颅骨缺损修复中的应用。方法:对12例颅骨缺损的患者先进行三维CT检查,设计个性化的钛合金板置入以修复颅骨缺损。结果:本组患者均愈合良好,无感染、钛板外露及头皮血运障碍,避免了再次手术。结论:应用钛合金板修复颅骨缺损,具有良好的生物学力度,抗击性强,并发症少,生物相容性好等优点,可获得较好的治疗效果。     

自体颅骨外板、下颌骨外板整复颅颌面创伤后继发鼻畸形

目的　探讨自体颅骨外板、下颌骨外板移植在颅颌面创伤后继发鼻畸形矫正中的应用。方法　 1997～ 2 0 0 2年我们对 4 4例颅颌面创伤合并鼻畸形患者 ,运用颅颌面外科诊断和手术技术 ,为其恢复颅颌面骨性轮廓结构 ,同时运用自体颅骨外板或下颌骨外板移植重建鼻支架矫正鼻畸形。结果　所有病例伤口均一期愈合 ,治疗效果满意。经 6个月～ 2年随访观察 ,无感染、无鼻背皮肤红肿坏死、支架无外露及移位 ,骨吸收不明显 ,供区无并发症发生。结论　自体颅骨外板、下颌骨外板采取方便 ,切口隐蔽 ,并发症少 ,特别适用于外伤后严重鼻畸形的矫正 ,是一种理想的移植材料。     

高密度多孔聚乙烯结合自体颅骨外板在眶颧骨折继发畸形修复中的应用

目的 探讨高密度多孔聚乙烯材料(Medpor)结合自体颅骨外板在眶颧骨折继发畸形修复重建术中的应用.方法 将骨折错位愈合的眶颧骨截骨复位进行可靠的内固定后,采用Medpor填充缩孔扩大的眶腔容积,治疗复视,利用自体颅骨外板修复眶壁及眶周的骨质缺损区,恢复眶区外形.结果 自2007年1月至2010年12月,共收治眶颧骨折13例.扩大的眶容积得到缩小,眶下缘抬高至对侧水平,眼球内陷明显改善,复视消失或减轻,面部畸形明显好转,自体颅骨外板及Medpor应用无并发症发生.结论 在复杂眶颧骨折中联合应用Medpor及自体颅骨外板可修复大部分眶颧骨折后继发畸形,尤其是合并骨质缺损患者,可有效解决眶内容物移位、复视,减少自体组织再损伤及排异反应.     

不同移植体修复晚期颅骨缺损56例的疗效分析

评估不同移植修复晚期颅骨缺损的疗效。方法 自1991年以来，应用不同移植体修复晚期颅骨缺损56例，其中应用MEDPOR6例、自体肋骨30例、颅骨外板8例、羟基磷灰石8例、固体硅橡胶4例。结果 经6－12个月临床随访，治疗效果明显，成功率达91．1％，除1例假体外露及1例癫痫发作外，其余无严重并发症发生。结论 颅骨缺损的修复，MEDPOR及自体颅骨及肋骨是安全可靠的，羟基磷灰石及硅橡胶须严格掌握适应证，尽量少用。     

自体骨、生物材料在颅颌面骨缺损修复中的应用研究

目的:运用自体骨与生物材料修复颅颌面骨缺损,观察临床效果并术后随访,以比较自体骨移植与生物材料植入的疗效。方法:将2006年以来笔者科室收治的各种颅颌面骨缺损129例患者分为A、B两组。A组:采用自体骨移植修复,共51例,其中带血管蒂的颅骨外板修复6例、颅骨外板修复37例、下颌骨外板修复8例;B组:采用生物材料植入修复,共78例,其中钛板(网)修复17例、Medpor修复46例、羟基磷灰石修复15例。术后随访6~72个月,通过摄相,头颅X线正、侧位片,面部轮廓测量,颌面部CT及三维重建,了解患者满意度,观察临床效果及有无后期并发症发生。结果:129例患者术后伤口均一期愈合,颅颌面轮廓得到了很大改善,同时具有很好的美容效果。自体骨修复患者中1例术后出现了血清肿,通过负压引流和加压包扎清除了血清肿后伤口一期愈合。术后随访1例Medpor修复额骨缺损患者切口边缘增生,1例Medpor修复患者固定的钛钉穿破皮肤,1例Medpor修复面中分患者修复体外露。其他患者术后随访,颅颌面骨轮廓外观正常,双侧对称,无再陷及表面凹凸不平、修复体移位、外露、假体取出等明显的并发症发生,患者对术后效果满意。结论:颅颌面骨缺损的修复首选自体骨,其中自体颅骨外板与下颌骨外板修复效果较好;当缺损面积大自体骨量不足时,考虑生物材料修复,其中Medpor、羟基磷灰石、钛板应用较多,临床效果满意。     

颅骨缺损成形术式选择的评价

本文报告颅脑外伤手术后致颅骨缺损126例,所有患者均在颅骨缺损后3周～7月行自体颅骨成形或钛板成形术。作者对颅骨缺损采用自体颅骨成形或钛板成形术的优缺点和手术时机等问题作了讨论,认为采用自体颅骨成形术明显优于钛板成形术,而手术时机选择应尽量虽作为宜。     

不同移植体修复晚期颅骨缺损56例的疗效分析

目的　评估不同移植体修复晚期颅骨缺损的疗效。方法　自1991年以来,应用不同移植体修复晚期颅骨缺损56例,其中应用MEDPOR6例、自体肋骨30例、颅骨外板8例、羟基磷灰石8例、固体硅橡胶4例。结果　经6～12个月临床随访,治疗效果明显,成功率达91.1%,除1例假体外露及1例癫痫发作外,其余无严重并发症发生。结论　颅骨缺损的修复,MEDPOR及自体颅骨及肋骨是安全可靠的,羟基磷灰石及硅橡胶须严格掌握适应证,尽量少用。     

颅骨外板游离移植修复颅面骨缺损畸形

因创伤、感染及先天畸形所致的颅骨和面部骨缺损，常造成功能障碍或外观畸形而需要手术植骨修复。近年来，自体的颅骨外板被认为是较理想的供骨［1］，在修复颅面骨缺损尤显优越。但因供骨制取较困难，临床合用不广泛。自1990年以来，以自体颅骨外板游离移植，修复了26例颅面骨缺损畸形，经12～24个月的随访，效果满意，报告如下。 1　临床资料 　　本组26例，男21例，女5例。年龄6～45岁(仅1例为6岁，其余均在17岁以上)。其中外伤性额、眶部颅骨缺损19例，感染性眶骨缺损1例，肿瘤术后下颌骨缺损1例，上颌骨先天发育不全1例，复杂性鞍鼻4例。游离颅骨外板最大面积为6cm×9cm，最小为1.5cm×3cm。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.