有机化学实验邻苯二甲酸二丁酯制备的绿色化研究

以对甲苯磺酸（PTS）为催化剂,邻苯二甲酸酐和正丁醇为原料,微量实验合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯。最佳反应条件为：邻苯二甲酸酐为0．02mol,丁醇、苯酐物质的量比为3：1,催化刑用量为原料邻苯二甲酸酐物质的量的1．5％。反应时间0．45h,回流反应下酯化率可达95．8％。反应时间短．催化剂用量少易分离。能够重复使用,酯化率高,不污染环境,符舍绿色化学原则。     

Effects of Gender,Pregnancy, and Anesthesia on the Pharmacokinetics of Zidovudine in Rats

Purpose. The effects of gender, pregnancy and anesthesia on the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine (AZT) were studied in rats. Methods. Unanesthetized male (MR), female (FR) and pregnant (day 20, PR) rats received 50 mg/kg AZT via a jugular vein cannula. Female (FRA), pregnant (day 20, PRA) and pregnant (day 20, PRR) rats maintained under ketamine: acepromazine:xylazine anesthesia also received 50 mg/kg AZT. Two fetuses were removed at each sampling time from the PRR group. Plasma samples were collected and analyzed by RIA. Results. With the exception of a lower non-renal clearance in female rats, there were no gender differences in the disposition of AZT. No significant differences were noted in total clearance, non-renal clearance or volume of distribution between pregnant and female rats, however, significant differences in renal clearance values were evident. Anesthesia resulted in decreased total, renal and non-renal clearances in female and pregnant rats. The removal of fetuses during the experiments did not alter the total clearance of AZT in pregnant rats, however, renal clearance and volume of distribution were decreased by cesarian section. Conclusions. The rat appears to be a suitable laboratory animal model for investigating AZT disposition during pregnancy. However, results of pharmacokinetic studies when animals are maintained under anesthesia with ketamine :acepromazine:xylazine must be interpreted with caution.     

口服抗肿瘤药赛特铂在大鼠的药动学

目的 :观察口服抗肿瘤药赛特铂(satraplatin)在大鼠的药动学。方法 :石墨炉原子吸收分光法测定体内赛特铂的总铂浓度。结果 :剂量为 5 0mg·kg- 1和 10 0mg·kg- 1时 ,主要药动学参数分别为 :T12 β(4 3±s 34)h和 (5 8± 38)h ,Tmax(5 .0± 2 .0 )h和 (6 .0± 1.0 )h ,Cmax(12 .6± 2 .5 )mg·L- 1和 (13.4± 1.5 )mg·L- 1,AUC0 ∞(4 2 2± 12 0 )mg·h·L- 1和 (70 2± 118)mg·h·L- 1。组织分布以肝、肾最高。 4 8h后药物排出已基本完成 ,主要经粪便排出 ,约 5 5 % ,尿排出小于 6 % ,2 4h胆中排出0 .2 3%。结论 :赛特铂的药时曲线为口服一级吸收2室模型。     

[^3H]洛非西定在大鼠体内的药动学

目的研究[3H]洛非西定在大鼠体内不同给药途径的药代动力学。方法TLC分离原型药物,液闪法测定血浆中药物放射性强度,用3P87程序计算药动学参数。结果大鼠iv[3H]洛非西定,其时-量曲线符合开放3室模型。t1/2pi为0.031~0.042 h,t1/2α为0.352~0.398 h,t1/2β为10.982~11.763 h。大鼠ig[3H]洛非西定,其时-量曲线符合开放2室模型。t1/2Ka为1.037~1.102 h,t1/2α为2.113~2.325 h,t1/2β为11.805~10.465 h,Tm ax为2.448~2.196 h,F为53%~55%。AUC和Cm ax与剂量呈线性关系。结论本方法适合洛非西定的药动学研究,测定结果为临床合理用药提供依据。     

HMS-01在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的研究HMS-01在大鼠体内的药动学,为后续研究提供支持。方法采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LCMS/MS)技术,建立灵敏、特异的测定血浆等生物样品中HMS-01浓度的分析方法,用建立的方法开展HMS-01在大鼠体内药动学研究。在SD大鼠上分别进行了1个剂量单次灌胃给药、1个剂量单次静注给药的药动学研究,以获得基本药动学参数。结果大鼠静脉注射1 mg/kg的HMS-01后,雄性与雌性大鼠血浆浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC0-t)分别为221和409 ng·h/ml,平均清除率分别为4.53和2.41 L/h·kg,平均血浆消除半衰期分别为0.786和1.27 h,表观分布容积分别为5.13和3.82 L/kg。灌胃给予30 mg/kg的HMS-01后,在大鼠体内血浆浓度达峰时间tmax为1.17 h,达峰浓度cmax为1243 ng/ml,消除半衰期(t1/2)为2.00 h。雄、雌大鼠AUC0-t分别为2271和8529 ng·h/ml,生物利用度分别为34.3%和69.5%。结论HMS-01在大鼠体内的药动学过程存在显著的性别差异,口服吸收较好,雌性大鼠的生物利用度远高于雄性。     

Dose-dependent nonlinear pharmacokinetics of ethylene glycol metabolites in pregnant (GD 10) and nonpregnant Sprague-Dawley rats following oral administration of ethylene glycol.

The kinetics of orally administered ethylene glycol (EG) and its major metabolites, glycolic acid (GA) and oxalic acid (OX), in pregnant (P; gestation day 10 at dosing, GD 10) rats were compared across doses, and between pregnant and nonpregnant (NP) rats. Groups of 4 jugular vein-cannulated female rats were administered 10 (P and NP), 150 (P), 500 (P), 1000 (P), or 2500 (P and NP) mg (13)C-labelled EG/kg body weight. Serial blood samples and urine were collected over 24-hr postdosing, and analyzed for EG, GA, and OX using GC/MS techniques. Pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax, Tmax, AUC, and betat((1/2)) were determined for EG and GA. Pregnancy status (GD 10-11) had no impact on the pharmacokinetic parameters investigated. Blood levels of GA were roughly dose-proportional from 10 to 150 mg EG/kg, but increased disproportionately from 500 to 1000 mg EG/kg. EG and GA exhibited dose-dependent urinary elimination at doses > or = 500 mg EG/kg, probably due to saturation of metabolic conversion of EG to GA, and of GA to downstream metabolites. The shift to nonlinear kinetics encompassed the NOEL (500 mg EG/kg) and LOEL (1000 mg EG/kg) for developmental toxicity of EG in rats, providing additional evidence for the role of GA in EG developmental toxicity. The peak maternal blood concentration of GA associated with the LOEL for developmental toxicity in the rat was quite high (363 microg/g or 4.8 mM blood). OX was a very minor metabolite in both blood and urine at all dose levels, suggesting that OX is not important for EG developmental toxicity.     

1,6-二磷酸果糖镁在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的研究大鼠静脉注射不同剂量 1,6 二磷酸果糖镁 (FDP Mg)后的药动学。方法大鼠 2 0只随机分成 2组 ,分别静脉注射FDP Mg 10 0、2 0 0mg/kg ,在设定的时间点采血 ,测定血清中的FDP及Mg2 + 浓度 ,DAS程序计算药动学参数。结果大鼠静脉注射FDP Mg后 ,Mg2 + 血药浓度 时间曲线符合二室开放模型。其t1/2α为 0 .12～ 0 .14h ,t1/2 β为 1.78～ 1.89h ,分布容积 (V)为 3.2 6～ 4 .5 7L/kg ,显示非剂量依赖性特征。FDP在血清中代谢迅速 ,消除半衰期t1/2el为 0 .0 5 7～ 0 .0 86h ,平均滞留时间 (MRT)为 0 .0 90～ 0 .12 4h ,血浆清除率 (Cl)为 3.4 8～ 3.77L/ (kg·h)。结论FDP和Mg2 + 的药动学特征差异明显 ,表明FDP Mg在体内解离成FDP和Mg2 + 两部分后按照各自的代谢特征从体内消除。     

Investigation of Turnera ulmifolia effects in pregnant rats and offspring

Turnera ulmifolia Linn. (Turneraceae) is an herb commonly found in northeastern Brazil, frequently employed in folk medicine, including by pregnant woman, for many afflictions due to it expectorant, tonic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, and antioxidant effects. This work studied the infusion commonly used by the population, obtained by maceration of fresh leaves of T. ulmifolia in filtered water, to evaluate if the same may promote alterations in rat gestation and exposed offspring. Pregnant rats received, by gavage, the aqueous extract (0, 1, 2, or 3 g/kg/day) from gestation day (GD) 1 to GD 21. The treatment was not able to promote maternal toxicity: body weight gain, food and water intake were not altered during gestation period. The offspring presented normal physical and reflexological development. No alterations were observed in the histopathological study and sexual hormone levels of the dams and offspring at 30, 60, and 90 days of age. The sexual behavior was evaluated in male and female offspring at adult age (GD 90) and no alterations were observed. These results suggest that the infusion of T. ulmifolia, employed in folk medicine, at these doses, is not able to promote alterations to pregnant rats, to impair gestation, or to damage the exposed offspring.     

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous methotrexate in mutant Nagase analbuminemic rats

It has been reported that the plasma (or serum) levels of albumin and globulins were lower and higher, respectively, than the serum levels in control rats. Hence, it could be expected that these changes could affect the renal clearance (Cl(r)) of methotrexate in Nagase analbuminemic rats (NARs) due to changes in plasma protein binding values. Therefore, methotrexate at a dose of 100 mg/kg was administered intravenously to control rats and NARs. The plasma protein binding of methotrexate in NARs was significantly greater (29.4% increase) than the controls, probably due to the considerable binding of the drug (34.2%) to 1.8% beta-plus 0.63% gamma-globulins. The Cl(r) of methotrexate in NARs was significantly slower (36.1% decrease) than the controls, due to the significantly smaller Ae(0-24h) (25.8% decrease). The smaller Ae(0-24h) could be due to the significantly smaller free (unbound to plasma proteins) fractions of methotrexate in plasma (13.8% decrease) in NARs, since methotrexate was mainly excreted in the urine via glomerular filtration. However, the Cl(nr) values were comparable between the control rats and NARs. This could be because methotrexate is not metabolized considerably via hepatic CYP isozymes based on control rats pretreated with SKF 525-A (a nonspecific inhibitor of hepatic CYP isozymes in rats).     

黄芪甲苷在兔体内的药动学和在大鼠的排泄(英文)

目的 :研究黄芪甲苷在家兔体内的药动学和在大鼠的排泄。方法 :健康家兔和大鼠一次静脉注射 (静注 )给予黄芪甲苷 4mg·kg- 1,高效液相色谱 蒸发光散射检测器法检测兔血浆和大鼠尿及粪黄芪甲苷浓度 ,用 3P97药动学软件对兔血浆浓度 时间数据进行动力学分析和计算药动学参数 ,并估算大鼠体内的排泄情况。结果 :黄芪甲苷静注给药后 ,T12 α 为 0 .10h ,T12 β 为 1.4h ,Vc 为 0 .15L·kg- 1,VD 为 0 .6L·kg- 1,Cl为 0 .32L·h- 1·kg- 1,AUC为 15mg·L- 1·h。大鼠静注给药后 ,原形从尿和粪排出量分别为给药量的 16 %和 3.2 %。结论 :家兔体内黄芪甲苷的动力学过程符合二室模型 ,大鼠仅有少量原形药物从尿和粪排泄。     

Acute mercury exposition of virgin,pregnant, and lactating rats: Histopathological kidney and liver evaluations

This work investigated the effects of mercury chloride (HgCl₂) acute exposure on virgin, pregnant and lactating rats by determination of renal and hepatic morphological and ultrastructural parameters and the expression of oxidative stress and stress tolerance markers, due to kidney and liver are the organs that more accumulate inorganic mercury. Adult Wistar rats virgin (90 days old), pregnant (18^th gestation day) and lactating (7^th lactation day) were injected once with HgCl₂ (5 mg/kg) or saline (controls). We observed that HgCl₂ exposure of virgin rats caused significant inflammatory infiltration and severe morphological variations, like glomeruli atrophy, dilatation of Bowman's capsule, tubular degeneration and hepatocytes alteration. Moreover, virgin rats presented mitochondrial modification, important oxidative stress and increase in stress tolerance proteins at both kidney and liver level, compared with virgin controls. In detail, virgin rats exposed to HgCl₂ presented significantly elevated level of inducible nitric oxide synthase, heat shock protein 27 and glucose regulated proteins 75 expressions at both renal tubular and hepatocytes level, respect untreated virgin rats. Interestingly, pregnant and lactating rats exposed to HgCl₂ presented weak renal and liver morphological alterations, showing weak inflammatory infiltration and no significant difference in structural mitochondrial transmembrane protein, oxidative stress markers and stress tolerance proteins expressions respect controls (virgin, pregnant and lactating rats). Although, both control and HgCl₂‐exposed pregnant and lactating rats showed renal glomeruli greater in diameter respect virgin rats. In conclusion, we believe that virgin rats are more sensitive to HgCl₂ toxicity respect pregnant and lactating rats. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1500–1512, 2017.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法研究白花前胡甲素脂质体在大鼠体内的药动学

目的制备白花前胡甲素脂质体并进一步研究其在大鼠体内的药动学。方法采用乙醇注入法制备白花前胡甲素脂质体,采用正交设计优化处方。白花前胡甲素脂质体按5、10、20mg·kg~(-1)低、中、高3个剂量经大鼠颈静脉给药后检测一定时间点的血药浓度,对照组为10mg·kg~(-1)的白花前胡甲素溶液。结果制备的脂质体含药量为2g·L~(-1),包封率为93.2%,脂质体高、中、低剂量组及对照组的t_(1/2)分别为(136.58±22.86),(74.12±6.97),(44.93±7.47),(51.26±5.13)min;AUC_(0-∞)分别为(215.93±33.24),(91.75±26.47),(29.22±4.47),(66.90±14.54)min·mg·L~(-1)。结论成功制备了白花前胡甲素脂质体,制得的白花前胡甲素脂质体在大鼠体内半衰期显著延长,生物利用度有明显的提高。     

完整大鼠连续间断取血法研究黄芪甲苷的药动学

目的：建立黄芪甲苷（astragaloside,AGS-IV）在完整大鼠体内血药浓度的测定方法及初步的药动学评价。方法：运用液质联用仪（HPLC-MS）测定大鼠血浆AGS-IV浓度。6只雄性SD大鼠,AGS-IV溶液静脉给药（2 .0 mg/kg） ,单只大鼠连续取血法,取血点分别为0 .025、0 .05、0 .1、0 .25、0.5、1、2、4、6、10、14和24 h。固相萃取小柱提取血浆样品,地高辛为内标（I .S.）,LC-ESI-MS测定血药浓度。AGS-IV的m/z为807 .5 ,内标地高辛的m/z为803 .5。结果：AGS-IV的标准曲线线性范围为1 ～1 000 ng/mL（r=0 .9992） ,日内和日间精密度分别小于6 %和8%,血浆样品AGS-IV的回收率为92 .8 %～98 .4 %,内标的回收率为80 .0 %～90 .9 %,最低检测限为0 .5ng/mL。CAPP软件拟合,AGS-IV的消除符合二室模型,药动学参数t1/2β（h） ,CL（L.kg-1.h） ,Vc（L/kg）,AUC0 -∞（μg·mL-1.h）分别为：3 .46±0 .52 ,0 .47±0 .02 ,0 .76±0.16和4274±186。结论：连续间断取血法结合HPLC-MS技术,适用于测定AGS-IV在小动物的血药浓度和药动学评价。     

Pharmacokinetics of oltipraz after intravenous and oral administration in rats with dehydration for 72 hours

Pharmacokinetic parameters of oltipraz were compared after intravenous and oral administration at a dose of 30 mg/kg to control rats and rats with water deprivation for 72 h (rats with dehydration). The plasma protein binding of oltipraz was measured in both groups of rats using an equilibrium dialysis technique. The concentrations of oltipraz were measured by the reported HPLC analysis. After intravenous administration, the total area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC), terminal half-life, time-averaged total body and nonrenal clearances, and apparent volume of distribution at steady state were not significantly different between the two groups of rats. However, after oral administration to rats with dehydration, the AUC was significantly smaller than that in control rats (180 versus 316 microg min/ml) mainly due to decrease in absorption. In rats with dehydration, plasma protein binding was significantly greater than that in control rats (91.5 +/- 0.309 versus 81.3 +/- 2.79%).     

Pharmacokinetics of a ginseng saponin metabolite compound K in rats

The absorption, dose-linearity and pharmacokinetics of compound K, a major intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides, were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Using the Caco-2 cell monolayers, compound K showed moderate permeability with no directional effects, thus suggesting passive diffusion. After intravenous dose (i.v.; 1, 2, and 10 mg/kg), no significant dose-dependency was found in Cl (17.3-31.3 ml/min/kg), Vss (1677-2744 ml/kg), dose-normalized AUC (41.8-57.8 microg.min/ml based on 1 mg/kg) and t1/2. The extent of urinary excretion was minimal for both i.v. and oral doses. The extent of compound K recovered from the entire gastrointestinal tract at 24h were 24.4%-26.2% for i.v. doses and 54.3%-81.7% for oral doses. Following oral administration (doses 5-20 mg/kg), dose-normalized AUC (based on 5 mg/kg) was increased at the 20 mg/kg dose (85.3 microg.min/ml) compared with those at lower doses (4.50-10.5 microg.min/ml). Subsequently, the absolute oral bioavailability (F) was increased from 1.8%-4.3% at the lower doses to 35.0% at the 20 mg/kg dose. The increased F could be related to the saturation of carrier-mediated hepatic uptake and esterification of compound K with fatty acids in the liver.     

Pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of BMS-204352 after intraarterial administration to rats

BMS-204352 is a novel maxi-K channel opener that is being developed for the treatment for stroke. The current study was designed to evaluate the dose proportionality and pharmacokinetics of BMS-204352 in rats. In an open, parallel fashion, sixteen rats per gender received a single intraarterial dose of BMS-204352 as a 3-min infusion into the carotid artery at 0.4, 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg dose levels. Serial blood samples were collected for up to 24 h post-dose and plasma samples were analyzed for the concentrations of intact BMS-204352 using a validated liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric (LC/MS) method. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a non-compartmental method. Results revealed a gender difference in the pharmacokinetics of BMS-204352 in rats at all doses excluding the first (i.e., 0.4 mg/kg) dose panel. BMS-204352 peak plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) values increased in a proportion greater than the increment in dose. Specifically, as dose increased in the ratio 1:5:12.5:25, C(max) increased in the ratio 1:7:18:31 in male rats and 1:7:22:51 in female rats. The respective AUC ratios were 1:6:20:42 in male rats and 1:12:29:77 in female rats. Mean total body clearance (CL(T)) values for BMS-204352 ranged from 879-3242 ml/h/kg over the four dose levels and generally decreased with increase in dose. Similarly, steady state volume of distribution (V(SS)) values ranged from 3621-8933 ml/kg over the four dose levels and generally decreased with increase in dose. However, mean residence time (MRT) and elimination half-life (T(1/2)) values for BMS-204352 were independent of dose and ranged from 2.42-4.54 to 2.08-4.70 h, respectively. In conclusion, BMS-204352 appears to exhibit dose-dependent pharmacokinetics in rats. In addition, there appeared to be some evidence of gender related differences in the pharmacokinetics of BMS-204352.     

9-硝基20（S）喜树碱在大鼠体内的药物动力学

目的:研究9-硝基喜树碱在大鼠体内的药物动力学及排泄。方法:利用高效液相色谱法对静脉注射或灌胃给药后的大鼠血浆及排泄物样品进行分析。绘制血浆药物浓度-时间曲线,并进行非室模型分析及房室模型拟合。利用线性回归评价药物浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC)与剂量之间、血浆药物峰浓度(C_(max))与剂量之间的线性关系;不同剂量下的药物半衰期及清除率通过方差分析进行比较。计算原形药物自大鼠体内的排泄量。结果:大鼠分别以1.5、3、6mg/kg静脉给药后,AUC_(o-t)分别为633、1606和3011h·μg·L~(-1);t_(1/2)分别为0.5、0.5和0.7h;大鼠分别以3、6、12mg/kg灌胃给药后,C_(max)分别为203、417和1150μg/L,T_(max)均在0.3h左右,AUC_(o-t)分别为269、439和881h·μg·L~(-1);t1/2分别为1.7、0.9和0.9h。9-硝基喜树碱在大鼠体内的绝对生物利用度为14.6％,这与灌胃及静脉注射两种给药途径下原形药物(胆汁和尿中)累积排泄量之比值相一致。结论:9-硝基喜树碱在大鼠体内动力学过程符合二室模型。静脉给药后,药物在大鼠体内的动力学不依赖于剂量,肾排泄为原形药物的主要排泄途径;灌胃给药后,药物绝对生物利用度低,原形药物大部分经粪排泄。     

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of diltiazem in rats: comparing single vs repeated subcutaneous injections in vivo

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of repeated administration on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of diltiazem (DTZ) using an in vivo rat model. Male SD rats (n = 6-10 per group) weighing 350-450 g were used. Each rat received either a single 20 mg/kg dose of DTZ by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection or 5 mg/kg s.c. twice daily for five doses. Plasma concentrations of DTZ and its major metabolites were determined by HPLC for up to 8 h. Compared with the single dose, repeated administration resulted in higher dose normalized plasma concentrations of DTZ (AUC 26.4+/-14.2 vs 13.9+/-11.5 microg-h/ml), longer apparent half-life (t(1/2) = 12.5+/-14.6 vs 3.7+/-1.4 h) and lower systemic clearance (CL = 1.1+/-1.0 vs 2.9+/-2.7 l/h/kg). Higher dose normalized plasma concentrations, longer t(max), but shorter apparent t(1/2) of the major metabolites were observed following the repeated administration. The results also suggest that possible binding of DTZ may occur at the site of injection when administered subcutaneously in the higher dose.     

Experimentally induced citrinin and endosulfan toxicity in pregnant Wistar rats: histopathological alterations in liver and kidneys of fetuses

In the present investigation, citrinin (CIT) (10 mg kg(-1) feed) and endosulfan (1 mg kg(-1) body weight) were administered orally alone and in combination to pregnant Wistar rats from gestational day 6 to 20 and their fetuses were collected to evaluate the histopathological alterations in hepatic and renal tissues. In CIT-fed group fetal liver, the changes were less marked, showing only sinusoidal dilation and mild vacuolar degeneration, whereas the consistent changes in the fetal kidney included tubular degeneration, medullary tubular necrosis, cystic dilatation of tubules, distortion of glomerulur capillary tuft and interstitial fibroblastic proliferation which separated clusters of tubules. In the endosulfan group, the liver was predominantly affected, showing vacuolar degeneration, karyomegaly and severe sinusoidal dilation, whereas the renal changes were mainly confined to tubular degeneration and varying degree of interstitial fibrosis. In the combination group, the hepatic and renal histopathological alterations in the fetus, though of similar nature to those of the individual groups, were more severe.     

紫花前胡苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究

目的研究中药狭叶羌活和宽叶羌活主要化学成分之一的紫花前胡苷(ND)在大鼠体内的药代动力学。方法♂SD大鼠(200～220)g随机分组,每组5只,单次尾静脉注射,给药量为80mg.kg-1,从眼眶静脉丛分时取血、处理。采用反相高效液相色谱法、恒速洗脱,应用外标法测定ND在SD系大鼠血浆中的浓度,应用3P87软件计算主要药代动力学参数。结果在所建立的方法学下,ND的保留时间为6.7min;标准曲线为Y=2.0×10-4X+0.4(r=0.9999),在0.2～80mg.L-1的血浆浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系;血浆中最低检测浓度为0.01mg.L-1(S/N=3),最低定量浓度为0.1mg.L-1(S/N=10);在1.0、10.0和40.0mg.L-1低、中、高3个浓度下的提取回收率为76.23～83.72;日内和日间RSD均小于5.60%(n=3)。在室温和冷冻—解冻试验中,ND具有良好的稳定性。按80mg.kg-1单剂量单次静脉给药后,ND在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程符合开放二房室模型,主要药代动力学参数t1/2α、t1/2β、AUC、Vc、Vp、Vss和CL分别为7.02min、219.27min、1384.34mg.min.L-1、0.92L.kg-1、6.04L.kg-1、6.96L.kg-1和0.06L.kg-1.min-1。结论所建立的方法快速、准确、简便,能够满足ND药代动力学研究要求。按80mg.kg-1单剂量单次静脉给药后,ND在大鼠体内分布广泛,消除速度中等。