中西医结合逆行带锁髓内钉治疗股骨中下段骨折

目的 评估中西医结合逆行带锁髓内钉治疗股骨中下段骨折的临床效果。方法 回顾25例股骨中下段骨折，用带锁髓内钉经股骨两髁中心逆行倒打内固定结合中医治疗，随访时间5～20个月。结果 解剖复位16例，近于解剖复位9例，术后5～7天基本消肿、镇痛，无不良反应，伤口均一期愈合，骨折愈合时间5～12个月，无松动、断钉等并发症。结论 中西医结合逆行带锁髓内钉治疗股骨中下段骨折固定可靠，疗效确切，功能恢复情况好。     

逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁间骨折

目地介绍髁上逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁间骨折的方法.方法应用股骨髁上逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁间骨折58例,54进行临床随访评定效果.结果 54例经6～50个月(平均28月)随访,无近晚期并发症,骨愈合良好,平均愈合时间4个月,术后功能恢复优良率达90%.结论股骨髁上逆行交锁髓内钉具有操作简便、固定可靠等优点,对于股骨髁间骨折的治疗,逆行交锁髓内钉是一种比较好的内固定方法.     

关节镜下治疗股骨下段累及关节面的骨折

目的:报道股骨下段累及关节面的骨折在关节镜监视下进行骨折闭合复位、中空镙钉及逆行交锁髓内钉治疗的方法。方法:从2002年3月￣2004年10月在关节镜监视下用中空镙钉及逆行交锁髓内钉治疗累及关节面的股骨髁上骨折12例。结果:本组获得随访11例,随访时间12～18个月,所有患者膝关节屈伸活动均大于110°,骨折愈合时间10～20周,没有发生感染,其中1例髁部锁钉松脱,骨折愈合良好,没有移位,按HSS膝关节功能评分标准:优8例,良3例。结论:利用关节镜闭合复位,损伤少,最大程度地保留关节部位解剖功能完整,同时中空镙钉及股骨逆行交锁髓内钉中心化固定牢固,有利于骨折的愈合和膝关节功能恢复。     

改良Poller钉在带锁髓内钉治疗股骨胫骨远段骨折中的应用

目的：探讨改良Poller钉在带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骺端骨折时的应用与疗效.方法：采用带锁髓内钉内固定术,并以带锁髓内钉定位压杆钻孔为“窗口”定位、置入Poller钉,治疗股骨远段骨折32例,胫骨远段骨折44例.结果：本组病例经过3～25个月（平均14个月）随访,未发生断钉、神经、血管损伤等与Poller钉有关的并发症,未发现感染和骨不愈合者.平均愈合时间股骨5.6月,胫骨4.2月.结论：改良Poller钉置入法用于锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骺端骨折时,可改善骨折复位、增强骨折稳定性,其方法简便、安全.     

逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁间骨折

目的 介绍髁上逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁间骨折的方法。方法 应用股骨髁上逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨髁间骨折58例，54进行临床随访评定效果。结果 54例经6～50个月(平均28月)随访，无近晚期并发症，骨愈合良好，平均愈合时间4个月，术后功能恢复优良率达90％。结论 股骨髁上逆行交锁髓内钉具有操作简便、固定可靠等优点，对于股骨髁间骨折的治疗，逆行交锁髓内钉是一种比较好的内固定方法。     

闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫腓骨中下段骨折

目的：探讨闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫腓骨中下段骨折的疗效。方法：对17例胫腓骨中下段骨折采用闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗,分析其临床效果。结果：随访4～17个月,骨折全部愈合,无感染和骨筋膜室综合症,断钉等并发症的发生,按照Johner—Wruhs的评价标准,优16例．良1例,优良率100％。结论：闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫腓骨中下段骨折,对局部软组织干扰小,操作简单,稳定性好,术后可早期功能锻炼,并发症少,是治疗有适应症的胫腓骨中下段骨折的首选方法。     

顺行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远中段双骨折的解剖与临床

目的：研究股骨远中段双骨折的特殊解剖结构，探讨顺行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗此类骨折的适用范围和临床疗效。方法：在X线片和股骨标本上测量股骨髁间窝高度，估算髓内钉尖在股骨远端能到达的最远距离。采用顺行带锁髓内钉内固定股骨远中段双骨折11例，术后2～8周在支具保护下开始膝关节屈伸锻炼。结果：测量发现股骨髁间窝高约6～9mm，髓内钉尖端距内外髁远端水平面2cm为安全距离，不会损伤髌股关节面。11例骨折均达到解剖复位，愈合良好，愈合时间平均5．7个月，下肢功能恢复优4例、良5例、可2例，优良率81．8％。结论：顺行带锁髓内钉治疗股骨远中段双骨折具有固定范围广且可靠、骨折愈合时间短、关节功能恢复好等优点，但也有远端锁钉置入困难之缺点。     

逆行带锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干粉碎性骨折

目的 探讨肱骨干粉碎性骨折采用逆行带锁髓内钉治疗的效果。方法 回顾性总结17例肱骨干骨折采用逆行带锁髓内钉进行固定，分析其治疗效果及优点。结果 17例病人术后随访6～18个月（平均9个月），所有病例无感染及异物反应发生，术后6个月愈合5例，6～12个月愈合10例，12～18个月愈合2例，无骨折不连病例发生，肩肘功能均恢复正常。结论 逆行带锁髓内钉为中心型固定，符合骨的生物力学原理，不但能有效支撑和固定骨折，而且具有发生骨折不连、桡神经损伤机率小的优点。     

髓内钉远端十字交锁法治疗胫骨多段骨折

目的探讨应用髓内钉远端十字交锁治疗胫骨多段骨折的方法和疗效。方法对16例胫骨多段骨折采用闭合复位髓内钉远端十字交锁固定,并随访观察6～18个月,平均10.6个月。结果16例病人骨折全部愈合。骨折愈合时间为12～20周,平均15.5周,无骨折畸形愈合和感染病例发生,无内固定断裂。结论髓内钉远端十字交锁法扩大了髓内钉在胫骨多节段骨折中的应用范围,手术创伤小、固定牢靠、是治疗胫骨多段骨折的有效方法。     

逆行髓内钉和钢板置入内固定治疗股骨远端骨折的比较

背景：以髓内钉为基础的中心型固定方法更符合股骨的生物力学特点。 目的：比较股骨远端骨折采用股骨髁上逆行交锁髓内钉治疗与股骨远端解剖型钢板治疗的临床疗效。 方法：用逆行髓内钉治疗35例股骨下端骨折患者和31例钢板内固定患者。内固定后随访1年以上,采用Neer膝关节功能评分标准对膝关节功能恢复程度指标,骨愈合速度指标予以评价。 结果：随访1年患者Neer 膝关节功能评分标准,逆行髓内钉优24例(69%),良9例(26%),可2例(6%),优良率为94%。平均愈合时间4.8个月。股骨远端解剖钢板优21例(68%),良5例(16%),可3例(10%),差2例(6%),优良率为84%,平均愈合时间6.5个月。根据结果进行分析,逆行交锁髓内钉治疗有利于早期下床活动,股骨远端钢板适应证广,对关节面的破坏相对较轻,有利于膝关节功能恢复。2种内固定都能起到较好疗效,应根据股骨远端骨折类型,选择相适应的内固定物。     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...