Immunogenicity and safety of intradermal versus intramuscular route of influenza immunization in infants less than 6 months of age: A randomized controlled trial

We aimed to explore intradermal influenza vaccination in infants <6 months. One hundred twenty-six infants 2–3 months of age were randomized to receive either two doses, 1 month apart, of 0.25 ml of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (7.5 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) via the intramuscular (IM) route or 0.1 ml of the same vaccine (3 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) via the intradermal (ID) route. The vaccine was well tolerated. Only four infants had hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titer <40 against ≥1 vaccine-covered antigen pre-vaccination. There was no difference in fold-rise of HAI titer response between those in the IM or ID group. We documented maintenance of HAI titers above seroprotective levels against all three vaccine antigens in 97.6% of subjects regardless of vaccination methods over a time of waning maternal antibodies.     

Improved antibody responses in infants less than 1 year old using intradermal influenza vaccination

BACKGROUND: Antibody response to influenza vaccine is limited in early. Infants have poorer hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody responses than 12-month-old. Intradermal administration reportedly elicited immune responses similar to or better than a standard intramuscular dose. We hypothesized that intradermal injection could achieve a better response in infants than subcutaneous injection. METHODS: We randomized 34 healthy infants 6-12 months old to either intradermal immunization (0.1 ml of trivalent influenza vaccine containing at least 3 microg of hemagglutinin antigen per strain) or subcutaneous immunization (also 0.1 ml). Changes in hemagglutination inhibition titer were compared using Mann-Whitney U-test, changes in positivity rate, seroconversion, and seroprotection. Local and systemic adverse events were assessed. RESULTS: All 32 infants received both injections. Antibody titers on days at 42 after intradermal injection were significantly greater than subcutaneous injection (P=0.032 in A/New Caledonia (H1N1), 0.019 in A New York (H3N2) and 0.044 in B/Shanghai. Positive titers for A New York (H3N2) were attained significantly more often after intradermal (73.3%) than subcutaneous injection (23.5%) on day 28, and significantly more often 42 days after intradermal injection (93.3% for A/New Caledonia (H1N1) and 73.3% for B/Shanghai) than after subcutaneous injection. Positive rates for other stains were similar between groups on days 28 and 42. Seroconversion rates were similar between groups. Seroprotection on day 42 for A New York (H3N2) was significantly greater in the intradermal (86.7%) than in the subcutaneous group (35.3%). Seroprotection rates for other stains were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Intradermal administration to infants of two doses of influenza vaccine was more immunogenic than subcutaneous injection. Seroconversion and seroprotection rates remained insufficient. Further study of route, quantity, and frequency are needed to improve of responses in infants.     

Immunogenicity and safety of intradermal influenza vaccine in children

In order to compare the immunogenicity and safety of different doses of trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) administered intradermallly (ID) with those evoked by a full dose of intramuscular (IM) virosomal-adjuvanted influenza vaccine (VA-TIV), 112 previously primed healthy children aged ≥3 years were randomised to receive 9 μg or 15 μg of each strain of ID-TIV, or a full IM dose (15 μg of each strain) of VA-TIV. The A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 seroconversion and seroprotection rates were ≥90% and geometric mean titres (GMTs) increased 3.2-14.9 times without any statistically significant between-group differences; however, the seroconversion and seroprotection rates against the B strain were significantly higher in the children receiving either ID-TIV dose (p < 0.05) without any differences between them. GMT against B virus was significantly higher in the children receiving the highest dose (p < 0.05). Local reactions were significantly more common among the children receiving either ID-TIV dose (p < 0.05), but systemic reactions were relatively uncommon in all three groups. Our findings suggest that ID-TIV with 15 μg of each viral antigen can confer a significant better protection against influenza than that obtained with the same dose of IM TIV in already primed children aged ≥3 years with an acceptable safety profile. The lower dose of ID-TIV needs further evaluation to analyze persistence of protection.     

Improved influenza vaccination in the skin using vaccine coated microneedles

Easy and effective vaccination methods could reduce mortality rates and morbidity due to vaccine-preventable influenza infections. In this study, we examined the use of microneedle patches to increase patient coverage through possible self-administration and enhance vaccine immunogenicity by targeted delivery to skin. We carried out a detailed study of protective immune responses after a single influenza vaccination to the skin of mice with a novel microneedle patch designed to facilitate simple and reliable vaccine delivery. Skin vaccination with inactivated virus-coated microneedles provided superior protection against lethal challenge compared to intramuscular injection as evidenced by effective virus clearance in lungs. Detailed immunologic analysis suggests that induction of virus neutralizing antibodies as well as enhanced anamnestic humoral and cellular responses contributed to improved protection by microneedle vaccination to the skin. These findings suggest that vaccination in the skin using a microneedle patch can improve protective immunity, and simplify delivery of influenza and possibly other vaccines.     

青岛市医务人员流感疫苗接种及影响因素分析

目的 了解山东省青岛市医务人员流感疫苗接种情况, 探索影响医务人员接种流感疫苗的主要因素。方法 采用整群分层抽样方法对青岛市6家不同级别医疗机构的1 301名医务人员进行调查。对流感及流感疫苗认知现状进行描述性分析, 用logistic回归模型对疫苗接种率的影响因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 2013—2014年流感季流感疫苗接种率为4.8%(63/1 301), 未接种的主要原因是担心出现疫苗不良反应, 占43.4%(412/950)。多因素分析结果显示, 社区乡镇卫生院(OR=8.23, 95%CI=3.78~17.93)、二级医院(OR=2.27, 95%CI=1.02~5.06)、之前3年不连续接种(OR=2.01, 95%CI=1.08~3.77)或每年均接种流感疫苗(OR=3.49, 95%CI=1.23~9.92)、担心流感季节患流感(OR=2.72, 95%CI=1.46~5.05)、认同不接种流感疫苗, 容易得流感(OR=2.49, 95%CI=1.26~4.91)和得流感会后悔(OR=3.03, 95%CI=1.29~7.08)、季前接种意愿为有可能(OR=2.73, 95%CI=1.42~5.26)、可能性大(OR=6.44, 95%CI=2.55~16.26)的医务人员更容易接种流感疫苗。结论 医务人员流感疫苗接种率很低, 担心疫苗安全性是阻碍接种的首要原因;医院层级、流感疫苗接种史、季前接种意愿和态度心理等因素是医务人员季节性流感疫苗接种影响因素。     

宁波市医务人员流感疫苗接种情况及影响因素分析

目的了解浙江省宁波市医务人员流感疫苗接种情况,探讨影响医务人员流感疫苗接种的主要因素。方法采用二阶段抽样法对浙江省宁波市30家各级医疗机构1 217名医务人员进行问卷调查,了解其一般情况、流行性感冒(流感)和流感疫苗知识、2010—2012流感疫苗接种率、2012—2013流感疫苗接种意愿及不考虑接种的原因等信息。结果2010—2012年2个流行季节医务人员流感疫苗接种率为12.37%;38.39%的医务人员表示会在2012年流感高峰到来前接种流感疫苗,如果疫苗免费接种则有62.13%的医务人员考虑接种;不考虑接种的因素包括"疫苗效果有限"(66.76%)、"担心疫苗副作用"(55.52%)、"身体好没必要接种"(54.15%)、"每年接种太麻烦"(43.20%)和"疫苗不免费"(35.30%)等;多因素分析结果显示,2年内接种过流感疫苗、认为接种流感疫苗是预防流感最有效的手段、知晓医务人员是推荐接种流感疫苗人群、知晓流感疫苗可以用医保支付、流感疫苗知识掌握好、二级医疗机构、在医技/护士/医生岗位可提高宁波市医务人员流感疫苗的接种意愿;而知晓流感疫苗每年接种1次、三级医疗机构、在感染/传染和其他科室可降低医务人员流感疫苗的接种意愿。结论宁波市医务人员流感疫苗接种率较低,不考虑接种的主要原因是对流感疫苗有效性和安全性缺乏信心、对流感危害认识不足以及疫苗不免费。     

Seasonal influenza vaccination in adults: practice and attitudes about collaborative delivery with community vaccinators

Background

Less than half of adults for whom seasonal influenza vaccine is recommended receive the vaccine. Little is known about physician willingness to collaborate with community vaccinators to improve delivery of vaccine.

Objectives

To assess among general internists and family medicine physicians: (1) seasonal influenza vaccination practices, (2) willingness to collaborate with community vaccinators, (3) barriers to collaboration, and (4) characteristics associated with unwillingness to refer patients to community sites for vaccination.

Design

Mail and Internet-based survey.

Setting

National survey conducted during July-October 2009.

Participants

General internists and family medicine physicians.

Measurements

Survey responses on vaccination practices, willingness to collaborate to deliver vaccine and barriers to collaboration.

Results

Response rates were 78% (337/432 general internists) and 70% (298/424 family medicine physicians). Ninety-eight percent of physicians reported giving influenza vaccine in their practice during the 2008-2009 season. Most physicians reported willingness to refer certain patients to other community vaccinators such as public clinics or pharmacies (79%); to collaborate with public health entities in holding community vaccination clinics (76%); and set up vaccination clinics with other practices (69%). The most frequently reported barriers to collaboration included concerns about record transfer (24%) and the time and effort collaboration would take (21%). Reporting loss of income (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.03-1.89) and losing opportunities to provide important medical services to patients with chronic medical conditions (RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.25-2.78) were associated with unwillingness to refer patients outside of the practice for vaccination.

Limitations

Surveyed physicians may not be representative of all physicians.

Conclusions

The majority of physicians report willingness to collaborate with other community vaccinators to increase influenza vaccination rates although some will need assurance that collaboration will be financially feasible and will not compromise care. Successful collaboration will require reliable record transfer and must not be time consuming.     

The immunogenicity of intradermal influenza vaccination in COPD patients

We evaluated the immunogenicity of a reduced-dose intradermal trivalent, inactivated, split-virion seasonal influenza vaccine compared to that of a conventional intramuscular vaccination in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. One hundred and fifty-six COPD patients randomly received either 0.2 ml (6 μg hemagglutinin (HA) per strain) split into two-site intradermal (ID) injections or a single 0.5 ml (15 μg HA per strain) intramuscular (IM) injection. Geometric mean titers, seroconversion factors, seroconversion rates and seroprotection rates at 4 weeks post-vaccination in the ID group were less than those in the IM group. Only the seroconversion factor to influenza B in the ID group was statistically less than in the IM group (18.8 in the ID group, n = 81 versus 37.3 in the IM group, n = 75, p = 0.045). Nevertheless, each strain of the ID vaccination met all the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) criteria. Seroprotection rates were above 60% throughout the year in influenza A (H3N2), for at least 6 months in influenza A (H1N1) and at least 4 weeks in influenza B in both ID and IM groups. The reduced-dose intradermal vaccination may be considered for use in COPD patients in a vaccine shortage situation.     

Impact of probiotics on the immune response to influenza vaccination is strongly influenced by ageing

Influenza vaccination in the over 65s suffers from low success rates because of the age‐associated decline in immunity. Strategies for improving the response to vaccination are therefore urgently needed. Emerging evidence suggests that alteration of the gut microbiota could potentially influence antiviral defences and modulate the outcome of viral infections. Research conducted as part of a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Diet and Health Research Industry Club (DRINC)‐funded project identified immunoregulatory properties of a novel probiotic (B. longum infantis CCUG 52486) and demonstrated that the immune response to this and other probiotics was highly dependent on the age of the donor. Older subjects had a markedly poorer response to influenza vaccination than young subjects and, although a pre‐ and probiotic combination (synbiotic) did not improve the response, there were trends for differential effects of the probiotic in young and older subjects. However, further interrogation revealed that the older subjects on the synbiotic were already at a significant disadvantage in terms of likely ability to respond to the vaccine compared with those randomised to the placebo because of differences in immunosenescence between the randomised groups at baseline. This may have influenced the outcome of the intervention and the implications of this observation are far reaching as it suggests that failure to fully understand subject phenotype could lead to incorrect interpretation of data. The work therefore provides valuable insight into the influence of baseline subject characteristics – particularly immune phenotype – on the outcome of the intervention and highlights the need for more detailed immunological markers for prospective randomisation of subjects.     

中国医疗机构工作人员流感疫苗预防接种指南

为了加强中国医疗机构工作人员流感疫苗的接种, 中华预防医学会医院感染控制分会联合中国临床实践指南联盟制定了《中国医疗机构工作人员流感疫苗预防接种指南》。本指南结合国内外研究进展和专家意见, 主要关注了7个临床相关问题, 并根据牛津循证医学中心2011版证据质量评估表对研究进行证据评级, 最终形成推荐意见。指南强调了医疗机构工作人员接种流感疫苗的重要性, 降低自身流感患病率可有效减少医院传播风险。本指南建议: 如无禁忌证, 医疗机构工作人员均应积极接种流感疫苗。推荐对感染传播风险极高的工作人员、高危人群和孕妇优先接种流感疫苗。另外, 指南还提供了疫苗的选择、接种时间及接种频次的建议。鉴于目前我国医疗机构工作人员流感疫苗接种率偏低且地区差异明显, 本指南建议进一步加强关于流感疫苗接种的健康教育, 根据各个省市区具体情况, 采取"多元化"方法, 积极开展有组织的接种活动。     

Longitudinal,population-based cohort study of prenatal influenza vaccination and influenza infection in childhood

BackgroundInfluenza vaccination is recommended to protect mothers and their infants from influenza infection. Few studies have evaluated the health impacts of in utero exposure to influenza vaccine among children more than six months of age.MethodsWe used probabilistically linked administrative health records to establish a mother–child cohort to evaluate the risk of influenza and acute respiratory infections associated with maternal influenza vaccination. Outcomes were laboratory-confirmed influenza (LCI) and hospitalization for influenza or acute respiratory infection (ARI). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) accounted for child’s Aboriginal status and were weighted by the inverse-probability of treatment.Results14,396 (11.5%) children were born to vaccinated mothers. Maternally vaccinated infants aged < 6 months had lower risk of LCI (aHR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.85), influenza-associated hospitalization (aHR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.94) and ARI-associated hospitalization (aHR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.94) compared to maternally unvaccinated infants. With the exception of an increased risk of LCI among children aged 6 months to < 2 years old following first trimester vaccination (aHR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.41, 3.69), there were no other differences in the risk of LCI, influenza-associated hospitalization or ARI-associated hospitalization among children aged > 6 months.ConclusionStudy results show that maternal influenza vaccination is effective in preventing influenza in the first six months and had no impact on respiratory infections after two years of age.     

Negative impact of prior influenza vaccination on current influenza vaccination among people infected and not infected in prior season: A test-negative case-control study in Japan

BackgroundAccumulating evidences indicate that repeated influenza vaccination has negative impact on the vaccine effectiveness (VE). However no published studies considered past influenza infection when assessing the VE of repeated vaccination.MethodsProspective surveillance was conducted from 2009 to 2012 at a community hospital on a small island in Japan. The study included all outpatients with an influenza-like illness (ILI) who attended the hospital, and a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was used to diagnose influenza A/B infection. The VE of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) against medically attended influenza A (MA-fluA) was estimated using a test-negative case-control study design. The influence of TIV in the prior season on VE in the current season was investigated in the context of MA-fluA during the prior season.ResultsDuring the three influenza seasons, 5838 ILI episodes (4127 subjects) were analysed. Subjects who had an episode of MA-fluA in the prior season were at a significantly lower risk of MA-fluA in the current season (adjusted odds ratio: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.30–0.50). The overall adjusted VE was 28% (95% CI, 14–40). VE was substantially lower in subjects vaccinated in the prior season compared to those who had not been vaccinated in prior season (19%; 95% CI: 0–35 vs 46%; 95% CI: 26–60, test for interaction, P value <0.05). In subjects who did not have MA-fluA in the prior season showed the attenuation of VE due to repeated vaccination (13%; 95% CI: −7 to 30 vs 44%; 95% CI: 24–59, test for interaction, P < 0.05). However this effect was not detected in subjects who had contracted MA-fluA in the prior season.ConclusionsNegative effects of repeated vaccination were significant among those without history of MA-fluA in the prior season.     

A qualitative analysis of the impact of healthcare personnel influenza vaccination requirements in California

Objective

Using qualitative methods, we explored the implementation of California's 2007 influenza immunization requirements of hospital-based health care personnel (HCP).

Methods

We conducted nine case studies of California hospitals with different HCP vaccination rates and policies. Case studies consisted of interviewing 13 hospital representatives and analyzing relevant hospital documents, including influenza policies. We also conducted 13 semi-structured phone interviews with key state and county public health officials, union representatives, and officials of various professional healthcare organizations.

Results

Our qualitative results suggest that California's vaccination requirements likely did not increase influenza vaccination uptake among HCP. The law was not strong enough to compel hospitals with low and medium vaccination rates to improve their vaccination efforts, and hospitals with high vaccination rates were able to comply fully with the law by continuing to do what they were already doing – namely offering vaccinations to HCP, providing education about the risks of influenza and the benefits of vaccination, and obtaining signed declinations from those who refuse vaccination. Nonetheless, we found that by publicly raising the issue of influenza vaccination in the context of public safety and healthcare quality, California's law encouraged hospitals to develop and implement data systems to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination promotion efforts and prompted discussions, and, in some cases, adoption of stricter vaccination requirements at hospital or county levels.

Conclusions

Our findings generally support the literature that suggests that permissive influenza vaccination requirements, though politically feasible, provide little direct incentive for hospitals to focus efforts on increasing HCP vaccination rates.     

Influence of family on acceptance of influenza vaccination among Japanese patients

BACKGROUND: Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Japan and worldwide, especially for people of >65 years old and those with high-risk medical conditions. Although the influenza vaccine is effective in reducing the morbidity and mortality, the vaccine coverage rate has not increased adequately in Japan, compared with western countries. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess whether medical and personal characteristics are associated with receiving influenza vaccination in Japanese patients. METHODS: Out-patients of a city hospital were recruited for a case-control study between November 1998 and February 1999. Cases were 98 out-patients aged 18 years or older who received influenza vaccination. Controls were 112 non-vaccinated out-patients matched with cases for primary physician and date of clinic visit. The candidates were interviewed by telephone and asked to respond to a 26-item questionnaire. The data were analysed using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: The factors associated with the acceptance of influenza vaccination were: (i) recommendation by a family member and/or a close friend [odds ratio (OR) 17.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.95-161.77]; (ii) belief in influenza vaccine efficacy (OR 10.55; 95% CI 3.42-32.49); (iii) having a family member and/or friends who had been vaccinated before (OR 6.44; 95% CI 2.37-17.50); (iv) physician's recommendation (OR 4.03; 95% CI 1.42-11.37); and (v) knowledge about the influenza vaccine (OR 3.06; 95% CI 1.02-9.20). Fear of adverse reactions (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.07-0.66) was the sole factor associated with non-acceptance of influenza vaccine. CONCLUSION: Patients in Japan are likely to be greatly influenced by their family members or close friends in their decision of whether to accept influenza vaccination, unlike US patients who make health care decisions on their own. When implementing an influenza vaccination programme, this effect of cultural background observed in Japan should be taken into account in other countries.     

Simultaneous influenza and pneumocococcal vaccination in elderly individuals

The study was performed to evaluate the effects of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines administered alone or in combination. 124 elderly subjects living in community were vaccinated either with influenza split vaccine or with pneumococcal 23-valent or with both vaccines at the same time in different sites. Sera were tested for hemoagglutination inhibiting antibodies for influenza and for antibodies against 23-valent vaccine for streptococcus pneumoniae. No side effects were observed in the vaccinated population. Serological results indicated that influenza vaccine increased significantly antibody levels. No difference was observed between the group which received influenza vaccine alone and that which received influenza and pneumococcal vaccines associated, considering either G.M.T or the percentages of protected individuals or the percentages of subjects who seroconverted. When pneumococcal vaccine was administered at the same time with influenza vaccine, there was a not statistically significant reduction in both mean antibody concentration and mean fold increase. It is concluded that the simultaneous administration of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines to elderly individuals, including subjects at risk, is safe, effective and economically advantageous.     

Neutralizing antibody response after intradermal rabies vaccination in hemodialysis patients

Abnormal immune function in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients could impair immunologic responsiveness to various vaccinations. Such inadequate response makes the HD patients to be at risk of certain fatal but preventable diseases including rabies. Although the effectiveness of rabies vaccination has been established in healthy subjects, the responsiveness of the current rabies vaccination has never been examined in HD patients. The effectiveness of post-exposure rabies vaccine was assessed in 20 stable thrice-a-week chronic HD patients who received adequate dialysis and did not have history of rabies vaccination during the last 20 years. All participants received the standard intradermal Thai Red Cross post-exposure rabies vaccination. Blood samples were obtained for determination of rabies neutralizing antibody (Nab) before the first dose (day 0) and on days 14 and 90 after vaccination. Prior to simulated vaccination, six of twenty patients already had Nab titers above the protective levels of 0.5 IU/mL while the remaining fourteen patients showed undetectable Nab. All subjects reached Nab titers above 0.5 IU/mL(acceptable level for rabies protection) by days 14 after vaccination. The geometric mean titers (GMTs) on days 14 after vaccination were 3.2 + 3.1 IU/mL (range 0.81–9.17 IU/mL). At day 90 after vaccination, 13 of 14 patients had Nab titers above the protective levels, resulting in the response rate of 92.8%. The GMTs of Nab on day 90 after vaccination were 5.09 + 1.79 IU/mL (0.42–25.0 IU/mL). There were no correlations between Nab titers and patient characteristics. No serious adverse reactions were detected. In conclusion, chronic HD patients receiving adequate dialysis have excellent protective immunological response after intradermal post-exposure rabies vaccination as WHO recommendation.     

A/H1N1 influenza vaccination in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: safety and immunity

Objectives

To determine the safety of and immunogenicity induced by A/H1N1 influenza vaccination in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Research design and methods

The study population comprised 21 SLE patients and 15 healthy control subjects who underwent split-virion, inactivated monovalent A/H1N1 vaccination between December 2009 and January 2010. Sera were obtained before, three weeks after, and six months after vaccination. SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) scores and autoantibodies were measured at every visit in SLE patients. Haemagglutination inhibition and the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) level were calculated using the World Health Organization (WHO) procedure to evaluate the antibody responses. We also recorded current medications and past seasonal influenza vaccinations to analyse the interactions between vaccinations and the autoimmunity of SLE patients.

Results

The mean age of the enrolled population was 34.3 years for SLE patients and 39.4 years for control subjects. The average SLEDAI score for SLE patients was 4.1 at vaccination, 4.5 at three weeks, and 4.3 at six months. The seroprotection rate at three weeks was 76.2% in SLE patients and 80.0% in healthy control subjects; by six months, the seroprotection rate was 66.7% in SLE patients and 60% in healthy control subjects. The seroconversion rate was 76.2% in SLE patients and 80% in healthy controls at three weeks; by six months, the seroconversion rate was 52.4% in SLE patients and 53.3% in healthy controls. The response in SLE patients met the criteria of the European Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products guidelines at three weeks, while the percentage of seroprotection did not at six months. The clinical disease activity and SLEDAI scores did not differ significantly from before to after vaccination in SLE patients, although the level of anticardiolipin IgG increased at three weeks after vaccination, but with no apparent clinical manifestations.

Conclusions

The A/H1N1 influenza vaccine is safe and effective in SLE patients and has no obvious adverse clinical effects. Treatment with a single immunosuppressive agent or combination therapy also leads to effective humoral immunity in these patients.     

新冠感染流行对湖南省儿童流感疫苗接种的影响分析

目的 分析2018—2021年新型冠状病毒感染(简称新冠感染)流行前后湖南省儿童流感疫苗接种情况，为提高流感疫苗接种率提供基础数据。方法 通过湖南省免疫规划信息系统收集儿童流感疫苗接种信息，采用SPSS 25.0分析不同时间、年龄、地区接种率，统计学比较采用χ²检验。结果 2018—2021年6月龄～17岁儿童流感疫苗接种数分别为387 928剂次、587 206剂次、1 512 607剂次、1 114 314剂次，其中新冠感染流行后的2020年较流行前的2019年增长幅度较大，增加了157.6%;当年10月至次年3月为流感疫苗接种高峰；接种率最高是湘东地区，湘西和湘北次之。1～10岁儿童流感疫苗第1、2剂接种率在9.14%～42.62%之间，其中，5、6岁组儿童第1剂接种率最高，接种率>40%。结论 新冠感染流行后儿童流感疫苗接种率明显增加，接种高峰持续时间增加，但仍有待进一步加强。