脑淀粉样血管病并脑出血的CT诊断与临床分析

目的:探讨脑淀粉样血管病所致脑出血的CT表现特点及临床价值。方法:总结15例脑淀粉样血管病(CAA)引起的脑出血患者的CT表现,结合国内外文献资料及最新病理学研究进展进行综合分析。结果:CAA性脑出血有以下特征:多病灶,多形态,多脑叶,多次反复发作(新旧病灶交替),多位于脑皮质或皮髓质交界区,以颞顶枕额叶多见,血肿可破入脑室、蛛网膜下腔等。结论:CAA性脑出血有一定的CT表现特点及临床特点,总结其特点,旨在提高对本病的认识与影像诊断。     

脑淀粉样血管病

脑淀粉样血管病（cerebral amyloid angiopathy，CAA），又称脑嗜刚果红物质血管病，是老年人一种独立的脑血管病，临床特征以痴呆、精神症状、反复和／或多发性脑叶出血为主要表现。其病理特点为大脑皮质及软脑膜的小血管壁内的中层和弹力层被特殊染色的透明样嗜刚果红物质所沉着，从而导致血管壁坏死、出血。CAA已成为老年人原发性、非外伤性、非高血压性脑出血的常见原因之一，其发病率随年龄增长而有上升趋势，目前已日渐受到重视。     

淀粉样脑血管病相关脑出血的临床研究

目的：研究淀粉样脑血管病(erebral amyloid angiopathy，CAA)相关脑出血(CAAH)的临床和病理特点。方法：通过分析5例高血压性脑出血患者的临床表现、影像学和脑组织局部解剖，总结CAAH的临床特点。结果：CAAH的发病情况和临床表现类似于高血压性脑出血。CAAH可并存高血压病，高血压病可加重CAA改变。典型CAA脑出血以皮质、皮质下脑叶出血多见，血肿形态多不规则，占位效应明显。但常见的高血压脑出血部位，如基底节、丘脑出血，并不能排除CAA脑出血的可能。结论：高血压病为脑出血的常见病因，CAA是脑出血的重要病因，并具有重要的临床意义。     

TCD与CT检测对脑血管淀粉样变脑出血术后预后评估的临床意义

目的探讨脑淀粉样血管病(CAA)相关的脑出血(CAAH)的临床特点及TCD与CT检测对其预后评估的临床意义。方法对10年来收治27例CAAH分为预后良好和预后不良组进行临床资料分析。结果两组患者TCD与CT检测相比较,差异有统计学意义。结论 CAAH以65岁以上老年人多见;出血部位多在脑叶,其中以顶枕最常见,且有多灶、易复发的特点;TCD与CT检测对病情评估及预后判断具有临床意义。     

头颅CT检出脑淀粉样血管病相关性脑出血与高血压脑出血的危险因素对比分析

目的：通过观察我院脑出血患者临床资料,探讨分析头颅CT检出脑淀粉样血管病相关性脑出血与高血压脑出血的危险因素。方法：对我院收治的49例脑淀粉样血管病相关性脑出血患者（CAAH组）与43例高血压脑出血患者（HICH组）,进行头颅CT检查,对比分析两组的临床资料与检查结果。结果：两组患者在年龄、高血压患病史、脑卒中家族史、发病前痴呆以及癫痫表现率等临床资料对比差异显著（P〈0.05）;经头颅CT检查后,两组患者在出血部位、出血量（〈30mL与〉60mL）、多发性出血以及再次出血等方面对比差异显著（P〈0.05）。结论：年龄、高血压患病史、脑卒中家族史、发病前痴呆以及癫痫表现率等指标可能是引起HICH患者与CAAH患者出现脑出血的危险因素,采用头颅CT检查,能有效定位不同患者的具体出血部位,提供出血量等相关信息,有利于疾病的临床诊断与治疗,值得临床上进一步研究与推广。     

重度病理学改变预示不良脑淀粉样血管病相关性自发性脑出血预后

研究目的：脑淀粉样血管病（CAA）因淀粉样蛋白沉积于脑血管壁而得名,是自发性脑出血（ICH）的常见原因之一,且死亡率和致残率高。本文将脑淀粉样血管病的病理表现进行全新的分类分级。因为目前国内甚至国际上尚无将淀粉样变的病理表现与手术治疗的预后相关性进行研究的报道。我们假设CAA病理学评分越高的ICH患者,手术后预后越差。 研究方法：选取十一五期间就诊于多中心手术治疗、并经病理证实为CAA的ICH患者。对患者术后进行了为期12个月的随访。根据12个月时的Modified Rankin Scale(mRS)评分将患者分为预后好型（mRS<3）和预后差组(mRS≥3)。并对所有数据进行统计学处理。 结果：共计入组367例符合条件的CAA-ICH患者,发现高龄、重度的CAA病理学改变、非脑叶性出血、合并脑室血肿（IVH）和蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）的患者手术后预后明显比预后好组要差。既往的脑缺血在两组中也存在统计学差异。 结论：CAA-ICH患者的手术预后与病理学表现的严重程度密切相关。既往的脑缺血病史也应得到临床医生的重视.     

脑淀粉样病变致脑出血的机制探讨

目的：探讨淀粉样脑血管病(CAA)引发脑出血的临床特点、发病机制及预后相关因素分析。方法对我院近3年收治的CAA引发的23例脑出血患者,均行头颅CT、MRI及SWI检查,计算颅内出血的体积、进行入院及出院时GCS评分及出院时mRS评分,进行预后分析,并结合文献对其发病机制进行深入探讨。结果 CAA引发的脑出血有自发性、多灶性及短期复发的特点,头颅CT对新鲜出血敏感,MRI对新鲜出血和陈旧性出血均可显示,SWI显示皮质及皮质下有多个微出血灶,而基底节区、脑干、小脑无微出血灶。结论 CAA是非高血压脑出血的重要原因;SWI示脑出血特征性表现可作为诊断依据,GCS评分出院比入院增加,出院时mRS评分与入院时GCS评分及脑出血体积有相关性。     

脑淀粉样血管病相关炎症6例临床诊治的回顾性分析

脑淀粉样血管病相关炎症（cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation, CAA-ri）是β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）沉积于脑血管壁引起的炎症反应，是CAA中较为罕见的临床亚型。以头痛、癫痫发作、认知和行为改变等为主要临床表现，但无特异性。头部磁共振（MRI）提示单发或多发白质高信号病灶，磁敏感加权序列（SWI）上存在超过１处皮质或皮质下出血性病灶，包括脑出血、脑微出血、皮质表面铁沉积等。本研究回顾性分析了2017年1月至 2019年9月于我院按照2016年新修订的诊断标准诊治的6例很有可能的CAA-ri病例，发现5例患者在常规T2及FLAIR序列也能检测出微出血和皮质表面铁沉积病灶，提示如果患者病程较长、年龄较大、微出血负荷重者常规核磁检查即能发现病灶，这一特点是诊断CAA-ri的线索，临床医生遇到这一现象应该高度重视，可进一步行SWI检查验证。     

脑血管淀粉样变致脑出血的CT诊断与临床分析

脑血管淀粉样变（Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy,CAA）是淀粉样物质沉积于大脑皮质和软脑膜中、小动脉壁而引起的血管病变,好发于60岁以上的老年人群。在无病状老年人群中发生率高达30％以上,且随着年龄增长而发生率增高。是老年人非高血压性脑出血的重要原因之一,占原发性脑出血的5％-10％。CAA与脑出血的关系直到七十年代才引起人们的重视。本文搜集经手术病理证实的12例CAA脑出血患者的相关CT影像资料,总结特点,旨在提高其影像表现在临床中的诊断价值。     

应更新对散发性脑淀粉样血管病的认识

散发性脑淀粉样血管病(sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy,sCAA或CAA)是老年人常见的脑小血管病,病理特征为进展性淀粉样蛋白-β(Aβ)沉积在脑微小血管及毛细血管的血管壁上[1-6],与阿尔茨海默病不同,CAA的Aβ主要由更可溶的、40个氨基酸片段(Aβ40)组成.过去临床上认为CAA只表现为脑叶出血,目前随着先进的结构和(或)分子影像学技术的应用,对CAA的病理生理及临床表现的认识有了划时代的发展,但神经科医生对它的认识仍不足和滞后,故也缺乏其患病率和发病率的资料.本文旨在对新认识和发现的CAA临床及影像特点、诊断方法及合理的治疗予以探讨.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.