Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a broad spectrum of clinical presentations

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours, though rare, are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The most frequent sites of origin are the stomach and the small bowel, but they can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Mesenteric and retroperitoneal forms have been described. The Authors present their personal experience with the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours, with particular reference to the broad spectrum of clinical presentations and to the consequent therapeutic implications. We report on a retrospective analysis of the clinical presentations and courses, surgical management and pathological features of 27 patients with such tumours treated in our institution from 1993 to 2005. The variables analysed were the morphological and clinical characteristics of the tumours, demographic data, type of surgical treatment and postoperative course. Long-term survival was evaluated on the basis of clinical and/or telephonic follow-up in all patients. One tumour was located in the oesophagus, 14 in the gastric area, 7 in the small bowel, 2 in the colon-rectum, and 3 in the peritoneum. All patients studied received radical surgical treatment. In 7 patients surgical resection was extended to other organs. No postoperative mortality or major postoperative complications were observed. Twenty-two patients are still alive at follow-up. Three patients died as a result of neoplastic relapse and 2 of other causes. The median survival was 36 months. The actuarial 3- and 5-year survival rates were 89.7% and 67.8%, respectively. Our experience indicates that the site of origin of gastrointestinal stromal tumours with their broad spectrum of clinical presentations may influence both the therapeutic choice (neoadjuvant utilisation of imatinib mesylate) and the surgical treatment (wedge resection vs enlarged operations).     

Laparoscopic resection of a large GIST of the stomach: is it preferable in elderly patients? A case report

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) of the stomach is extremely rare in the elderly. Surgical resection of the stomach by partial gastrectomy or wedge resection is the standard treatment. Today the resection can also be performed laparoscopically, especially in the case of small tumours as well as for larger GIST though there are unclearly defined oncological limits. The authors report the successful treatment of a large 7.5 cm GIST of the stomach by laparoscopic wedge resection in a 78-year-old patient. The GIST was almost entirely located intraperitoneally between the stomach and the spleen and could be radically resected with a minimal touch technique. The patient recovered promptly and manifested no recurrence at a 2-year follow-up. The authors focus on the main factors supporting the indication for laparoscopic resection of large gastric GIST, especially in the elderly. The surgical risk/benefit ratios of the different approaches, the surgeon's skills in laparoscopically respecting the rules of oncological surgery, and informed consent of the patient in relation to the limited scientific evidence concerning the main risk factors of recurrence are all important considerations.     

Laparoscopic resection of clinically suspected gastric stromal tumors

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) account for 5% of all gastric tumors. Preoperative diagnosis is relatively difficult because biopsy samples are rarely obtained during fibergastroscopy. Surgical radical resection is the gold standard treatment, allowing pathologic study for both diagnosis and prognosis. Laparoscopic resection has become an alternative to the open approach, but long-term results are not well known. The aim of this study is to report experience with laparoscopic resection, placing special emphasis on preoperative diagnosis and describing long-term results. A retrospective analysis was made of all patients undergoing a laparoscopic resection for clinically suspected gastrointestinal stromal tumors between November 1998 and August 2006 at 2 tertiary hospitals. The medical records of all participants were reviewed regarding surgical technique, clinicopathologic features, and postoperative long-term outcome. Laparoscopic gastric resection was attempted in 22 patients (13 women and 9 men) with a mean age of 66.7 years (range, 29-84 years). One patient had 2 gastric tumors. Tumor localization was upper gastric third in 6 patients, mid-gastric third in 7, and distal third in 10. Surgical techniques were transgastric submucosal excision (n = 1), wedge resection (n = 13), partial gastrectomy with Y-en-Roux reconstruction (n = 6), and total gastrectomy with Y-en-Roux reconstruction (n = 2). Two patients (9.1%) required conversion to the open procedure because of tumor size. Postoperative morbidity was delayed gastric emptying in 3 patients. Median postoperative stay was 6 days (range, 4-32 days). Pathologic and immunohistochemical study confirmed gastrointestinal stromal tumors in 18 cases. The other 4 cases were adenomyoma, hamartoma, plasmocytoma, and parasitic tumor (anisakis). Median tumor size was 5.6 cm (range, 2.5-12.5 cm) in cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Malignant risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors assessed according to mitotic index and size was low (n = 8), intermediate (n = 6), or high (n = 4). After a median follow-up of 32 months (range, 1-72 months), there was 1 case of recurrence of GIST. Definitive preoperative diagnosis of gastric submucosal tumors is frequently difficult. The laparoscopic approach to surgical treatment of these tumors seems safe and is associated with acceptable intermediate-term results, especially in cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.     

Gastrointestinal stromal sarcomas

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal sarcomas are a rare group of malignancies originating in the bowel wall. METHODS: The treatment of 12 patients with gastrointestinal stromal sarcoma who underwent operation between 1994 and 1998 was reviewed. RESULTS: Eight tumours originated in the stomach; others were in the small bowel or rectum. Five of the tumours were of myogenic origin, two were gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumours, one was a mixed neural-myoid tumour, and four could not be differentiated. Complete resection was possible in ten patients; in two of the ten en bloc resection of adjacent organs was required to ensure adequate margins. The tumours in the remaining two patients were irresectable because of diffuse intra-abdominal metastatic disease. All patients who underwent complete resection were alive after 4-48 (median 14) months. Two of the ten patients developed recurrence, which was reresected completely. The patients with metastatic disease died less than 1 year after operation. CONCLUSION: Aggressive surgical resection, achieving complete resection, can lead to prolongation of life and may be a potential cure for patients with gastrointestinal stromal sarcoma.     

The impact of incidental gastrointestinal stromal tumours on patients undergoing resection of upper gastrointestinal neoplasms

Background

Emerging data suggest asymptomatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) of the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract are not uncommon. We sought to determine their incidence in patients undergoing resection for UGI neoplasms and their impact on surgical and adjuvant treatment.

Methods

We accessed a database prospectively listing all patients undergoing resection of non-GIST neoplasms of the stomach and esophagus at a single university centre over a 4.5-year period and reviewed pathology reports for the presence of synchronous GISTs in the UGI tract. We compared patient demographic and tumour characteristics, operative procedures and postoperative outcomes.

Results

In all, 207 patients undergoing gastrectomy or esophagectomy for non-GIST neoplasms were included. We identified 15 synchronous GISTs in the UGI tract of 11 (5.3%) patients (1 preoperatively, 4 intraoperatively and 10 on final pathology), with an average age of 67 years. Most patients were men. Additional resections were required for GISTs identified pre- or intraoperatively. Final pathology revealed completely resected c-kit positive tumours of an average size of 0.5 (range 0.1–4.0) cm with low or very low risk of malignant potential. No patients received adjuvant therapy for the GISTs. After a median follow-up of 11 (range 2–36) months, 5 patients died from their primary cancer, 3 were alive with primary cancer recurrence, and 3 were alive without disease. No patients experienced GIST recurrence.

Conclusion

Incidentally finding a synchronous GIST during resection of UGI neoplasms is not uncommon; it may alter surgical treatment but is unlikely to impact long-term survival.     

Surgical management of and long-term survival after adenocarcinoma of the cardia

BACKGROUND: The choice of surgical strategy for patients with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction is controversial. This study was performed to analyse the surgical results of a 20-year experience with these lesions. METHODS: From January 1981 to January 2001, 126 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia underwent resection in the authors' institution. The treatment of choice was oesophagectomy for type I tumours, and extended gastrectomy for type II and III lesions. Morbidity, mortality and survival were determined retrospectively. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients (44.4 per cent) had type I tumours, 44 (34.9 per cent) type II and 26 (20.6 per cent) type III. Primary resection was performed in 113 patients (89.7 per cent). Oesophagectomy with resection of the proximal stomach was carried out in 65 patients (51.6 per cent) and extended total gastrectomy with transhiatal resection of the distal oesophagus in 61 (48.4 per cent). In-hospital mortality and morbidity rates were 4.8 and 34.1 per cent respectively. The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 40.9 and 25.1 per cent respectively, and were not affected by the surgical approach. Survival was significantly associated with R0 resection, pathological node-positive category, postoperative complications and tumour differentiation. CONCLUSION: Postoperative mortality, morbidity and long-term survival did not appear to be affected by surgical approach. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the equivalence between transthoracic and transabdominal approaches.     

Stromal sarcoma of the stomach: therapeutic considerations.

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience of the surgical treatment of primary gastric stromal sarcomas and to compare it with reported results. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital, Germany. SUBJECTS: 17 patients (13 men and 4 women, median age: 58 years) who were operated on for stromal sarcomas of the stomach from April 1987 to March 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Extent of resection, morbidity and mortality, histopathological features, survival. RESULTS: Stromal sarcomas made up 0.8% of all gastric malignancies. Abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding were the main symptoms. 16/17 were resected succesfully. The main type of resection was total gastrectomy (n = 11, in 6 cases as extended gastrectomy), followed by wide local excision of the stomach wall (n = 4), and proximal gastrectomy (n = 1). Of all resections 10 were radical (R0) and 6 were palliative (R1/R2). 5 patients developed complications. One patient died postoperatively. Median tumour size was 70 mm (range 30-230). The serosa was penetrated in 11 cases, lymph node metastases were found in 3 patients, and distant metastases in 8. Overall median survival was 19 months (2-64) and 5 patients survived 5 years. After radical resection (n = 10) median survival was 39 months (2-64) and the above mentioned 5 patients survived 5 years. CONCLUSION: Stromal sarcomas of the stomach are rare, the resection rate is high and the type of resection varies with the extent of the tumour. Wide local excision may be sufficiently radical. Long-term results after radical resection seem to be better than those after gastric adenocarcinoma.     

Gastric stromal tumors. Our experience in 21 cases surgically managed

BACKGROUND: A retrospective review on 21 patients with gastric stromal tumors who underwent surgical treatment in the period 1974-2001, is presented. METHODS: The patients were 8 males and 13 females, with an average age of 62.6 years. Histological examination showed 15 smooth muscle tumors (9 benign and 6 malignant), 5 neural tumours (3 benign and 2 malignant) and 1 undifferentiated tumor. Main symptoms were abdominal pain and palpable abdominal mass and the most sensible diagnostic techniques were endoscopy and abdominal CT-scan. Surgical procedures performed were: local resection (15 cases), partial gastric resection (3 cases), subtotal gastrectomy (2 cases) and total gastrectomy (1 case). RESULTS: There were no operative mortality and morbidity. Among 12 patients with benign GSTs, 1 died for causes not related to the disease, while 11 patients are still alive and in good health after a mean follow-up of 148.5 months (range 6-262). Among patients with malignant muscular GSTs, 3 were lost to follow-up and 3 are alive and free from disease after a median follow-up of 58 months (range 3-108). The 2 patients with malignant neural GSTs are still alive and in good health 140 and 24 months after surgical procedure, while the patient with undifferentiated GST died for liver metastases 43 months after total gastrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that the most frequent symptoms are abdominal pain and a palpable mass, but no specific signs have been detected. Endoscopy plays a very important diagnostic role and CT-scan is the most sensible technique in the evaluation of location, size, invasion of adjacent organs and metastasis. The aim of treatment must be the complete resection of the tumor and the prognostic prediction on the basis of histologic findings is quite difficult.     

腹腔镜手术治疗胃胃肠间质瘤疗效分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗胃胃肠间质瘤(GIST)的可行性。方法〓回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年1月间,在我院接受腹腔镜手术治疗的27例胃胃肠间质瘤患者的临床资料,并统计具体手术方式,手术时间,术中出血量,手术切口长度,肿瘤大小及住院时间。结果〓根据胃肿瘤大小和部位选择不同手术方式,其中胃局部切除术病人20例,远端胃大部切除术5例,全胃切除术2例。其中胃局部切除术20人均在完全腹腔镜下完成,其余7例病人行腹腔镜辅助切除手术。手术时间81.3±16.2 min,术中出血量42.1±9.2 mL,手术切口长度5.6±2.4 cm,肿瘤直径4.8±1.3 cm,住院时间7.5±2.6 d。结论〓腹腔镜手术治疗胃胃肠间质瘤安全可行、恢复快。     

腹腔镜下切除胃问质瘤25例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜下个体化治疗胃间质瘤的可行性和安全性。方法2008年7月～2011年11月对25例胃间质瘤行腹腔镜下个体化切除。1例位于贲门,直径6．5cm行腹腔镜辅助近端胃切除术;1例位于胃窦前壁,直径4．5cm,行腹腔镜辅助远端胃切除术;16例位于胃底及胃体,直径2．0—5．5cm,肿瘤充分游离后行腹腔镜下楔形切除术;7例胃后壁腔内型肿瘤,直径2．8～5．0cm,行腹腔镜经胃肿瘤外翻切除术。结果25例均在腹腔镜下完整切除肿瘤。平均手术时间84min（53～165min）,平均术中出血量48ml（20—140m1）。标本切缘未见肿瘤残留,术后病理及免疫组化检查证实为间质瘤,CDll7阳性25例,CD34阳性21例。术后除1例出现胃动力功能障碍,余胃肠功能恢复良好,无胃出血、狭窄及胃漏。术后平均住院8d（6—13d）。24例随访3～36个月（中位随访时间15个月）,生存良好,无复发、转移。结论腹腔镜下胃间质瘤个体化的胃部分切除术可行、安全。     

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??Surgical management of gastrointestinal stromal tumor LIANG Han. Department of Gastrointestinal Oncological Surgery, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laborary of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
Abstract The principle of surgical treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is removing the tumor as completely as possible (R0). The majority of gastric stromal tumor can be removed with local or wedge excision. Proximal gastrectomy is a choice for stromal tumor locating at the cardia since local resection may cause cardia stenosis. Distal gastrectomy is suitable for stromal tumor locating at lesser curvature of gastric antrum. Total gastrectomy is rare for gastric stromal tumor. Combined spleen, tail of pancreas and transverse colon resection may necessary for R0 surgery of greater curvature of gastric antrum. Local resection is the first choice for duodenal stromal tumor. Operation procedure must be carried out carefully for small intestinal stromal tumor in order to avoid tumor rupture. Combined resection is a right choice when tumor involved surrounding organs or structure. In principle, low anterior instead of abdominoperineal resection is the only recommend procedure for rectal stromal tumor. Selected patients with recurrence or metastatic GIST who have controlled disease to TKI therapy can benefit from surgical resection.     

腹腔镜食管胃吻合肌瓣成形术对于直径>5 cm食管胃结合部肿瘤近端胃切除术后消化道重建安全可行

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助食管胃吻合肌瓣成形术(Kamikawa吻合)在治疗肿瘤最大径>5 cm的食管胃结合部(EGJ)平滑肌瘤或胃肠间质瘤近端胃切除术后消化道重建的安全性及可行性。方法采用描述性病例系列研究方法,回顾性分析广东省中医院胃肠外科2017年9月至2019年3月期间,收治并施行腹腔镜辅助近端胃切除术和Kamikawa吻合的EGJ平滑肌瘤和胃肠间质瘤病例资料。肿瘤均侵犯贲门齿状线,且最大径>5 cm;排除需急诊手术和合并有严重心肺疾病患者后,共4例患者纳入本研究,男性3例,女性1例,年龄29-49岁。患者接受腹腔镜辅助近端胃切除术后,把残胃提出腹腔外,距残胃前壁近端3-4 cm处亚甲蓝标记"H"形,并沿"H"形切开胃壁浆肌层,沿纵行切开线向两侧分离黏膜下层和肌层之间的间隙,制作浆肌瓣;将残胃放回腹腔,腹腔镜下将"H"形上边与食管后壁距断端4-5 cm处间断缝合4针;切开食管残端,在"H"形的下边切开黏膜下层和黏膜层,进入胃腔;腹腔镜下将食管断端后壁与残胃黏膜层和黏膜下层连续缝合,食管断端前壁与残胃全层连续缝合,将胃前壁浆肌瓣缝合包埋食管,完成消化道重建。观察患者术中并发症和术后反流性食管炎和吻合口相关并发症的发生率。结果 4例患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。手术中位时间为239(192-261)min,Kamikawa吻合中位时间为149(102-163)min,术中中位出血量为35(20-200)ml。4例患者均术后第1天拔除腹腔引流管和胃管,并恢复流质饮食,术后住院中位时间为6(6-8)d。术后病理提示,3例平滑肌瘤,1例胃肠间质瘤。术后无吻合口漏及狭窄等并发症,未观察到反流症状。术后中位随访时间22(11-29)个月,4例患者复查胃镜均未见反流性食管炎。结论对于>5 cm的EGJ平滑肌瘤或胃肠间质瘤,近端胃切除术后应用腹腔镜辅助Kamikawa吻合进行消化道重建,安全可行。     

胃间质瘤的外科治疗(附40例报告)

目的探讨胃间质瘤的诊治方法。方法回顾性分析40例胃间质瘤的临床表现、诊断和外科治疗。结果40例中最主要的临床症状为上腹部胀痛不适，经胃镜、胃肠钡透、CT及B超等检查发现，29例肿瘤位于贲门及胃底体部，11例位于胃窦部。40例均经手术切除，切除率为100％，14例(35．0％)行肿瘤单纯切除，11例(27．5％)行远端胃大部切除术，14例(35．0％)行胃近端切除，1例(2．5％)行全胃切除及胰尾和脾切除术。本组均获随访，平均3．5年，7例复发(17．5％)，再次行肿瘤单纯切除术或含大网膜的肿瘤切除；4例死亡(10％)，均为恶性患者。结论胃间质瘤治疗以手术为主，根据肿瘤部位，大小及病理结果选择不同术式，切缘至少距肿瘤3cm以上，不需常规行淋巴结清扫，术中保证肿瘤的完整性十分重要。     

Uncommitted gastrointestinal stromal tumour. Case report

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GIST) are mesenchymal tumours with uncertain prognosis. Malignant variety represents about 2.0% of malignant gastroenteric tumours. The Authors report a clinical case of malignant gastric and duodenojejunal GIST, in which the only surgical treatment seems to be definitive. R. S., a 69-year-old female, was admitted for asthenia and fever in January 1997. Endoscopic exploration, ultrasonography and CT-scan of the abdomen demonstrated an exophytic tumour in the greater gastric curvature and one tumour of 5.5 cm of diameter in the Treitz's angle. We performed a resection of the gastric tumour and the duodenojejunal angle. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged after 14 postoperative hospital days. Histological analysis showed two spindle cells stromal tumours with mitotic rate > 20/10 HPF. The immunohistochemistry demonstrated the uncommitted origin of tumour cells. The patient refused the chemotherapy treatment. There was no local recurrence or metastasis at a follow up of 47 months, in spite the high malignancy degree. For this reason and because of the uncertain behaviour of benign GIST, the authors propose a lifelong follow up of the patients managed with potentially curative surgical resection.     

Surgical local resection for early gastric cancer

In Japan, endoscopic mucosal resection remains a familiar treatment of early gastric cancers even though long-term results of surgical local resection (SLR) including a laparoscopic or open approach have been unclear. We reviewed our SLR experiences. Laparoscopic wedge resection (LWR), laparoscopic intragastric surgery (LIS), and open local resection (OLR) were performed in 11, 7, and 11 patients, respectively. Four LIS patients were converted to open surgery. Histologically, resected specimens demonstrated that larger-sized materials were obtained in OLR and LWR. Five patients overall showed submucosal invasion; 1 patient underwent reoperation (gastrectomy). Long-term results showed no primary-lesion related death; 2 patients died of other diseases. However, 2 LWR patients showed new lesions in the remnant stomach at 29 months and 7 years later. Both patients underwent subsequent gastrectomy. In conclusion, SLR is safe and curative for properly selected cancer patients. Precise preoperative diagnosis and careful remnant stomach survey is important.     

腹腔镜胃局部切除术的临床应用

目的 评价腹腔镜胃局部切除术的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年2月至2010年1月解放军总医院收治的78例行腹腔镜胃局部切除术患者的临床资料.根据病灶的位置和游离范围,采用全腹腔镜下胃局部楔形切除术、腹腔镜辅助下胃局部切除术和腹腔镜联合内镜切割吻合器肿瘤切除术.探讨患者的手术疗效.结果 78例患者均在腹腔镜下成功完成胃局部切除手术,无一例中转开腹.其中,45例行全腹腔镜胃局部楔形切除术,22例采用腹腔镜辅助下胃局部切除术,11采用腹腔镜联合内镜切割吻合器肿瘤切除术.平均手术时间为75 min(45～120 min),术中平均出血量为60 ml(35～90 ml),切除病灶平均直径为(2.5±1.3)cm(0.7～4.8 cm).术后患者无并发症发生及死亡.术后肠道功能平均恢复时间为35 h(25～42 h),术后平均住院时间为7.5 d(6～9 d).术后病理检查:63例患者为胃间质瘤;11例患者为胃良性疾病,其中异位胰腺组织5例、炎性假瘤2例、增生性息肉2例、神经鞘瘤1例、血管瘤1例;4例患者为类癌,其中位于黏膜层3例、累及深肌层1例.本组患者中位随访时间为26个月,未发现术后出血、吻合口狭窄及戳孔种植.63例胃间质瘤患者中,2例术后行甲磺酸伊马替尼治疗、1例肿瘤复发行再次手术治疗,术后恢复良好.结论 腹腔镜胃局部切除术治疗胃良性疾病、胃间质瘤及早期胃癌安全、可行.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate laparoscopic local resection for the treatment of gastric tumors. Methods The clinical data of 78 patients who received laparoscopic local resection at the PLA General Hospital from February 2006 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the tumor site and free range, total laparoscopic gastrectomy was applied to 45 patients, laparoscopic local resection was applied to 22 patients, laparoscopic and endoscopic tumor resection was applied to 11 patients. The efficacies of the surgical approaches were investigated. Results Laparoscopic local resection was successfully performed on the 78 patients without conversion to open surgery. The mean operation time and operative blood loss were 75 minutes (range, 45-120 minutes) and 60 ml (range, 35-90 ml), respectively. The mean diameter of the tumor was (2.5±1.3)cm (range, 0.7-4.8 cm). No mortality or morbidity occurred postoperatively. The bowel function recovery time and the duration of hospital stay were 35 hours (range, 25-42 hours) and 7.5 days (range, 6-9 days), respectively. The results of postoperative pathological examination verified that 63 patients were with gastric stromal tumor, 11 patients were with benign gastric diseases, including 5 with gastric heterotopic pancreas, 2 with inflammatory pseudotumor, 2 with hyperplastic polyp, 1 with schwannomas and one with angioma. Four patients were with carcinoid, 3 carcinoids were located in mucous layer and 1 invaded into muscular layer. The median time of follow-up was 26 months, and no anastomotic stenosis or port-site metastasis was observed. Of the 63 patients with gastric stromal tumor, 2 were treated with imatinib mesylate, 1 had tumor recurrence and received reoperation. Conclusion Laparoscopic local resection is safe and feasible for the treatment of benign gastric neoplasms, stromal tumor and early gastric tumors.     

Haemorrhage from smooth muscle tumours of the upper gastro-intestinal tract

Eight patients with haemorrhage from smooth muscle tumours of the upper gastro-intestinal tract were treated during a 10 year period from 1973 to 1982. Seven of the tumours were benign and one a malignant leiomyoblastoma. Seven tumours were sited in the stomach and there was one duodenal lesion. Endoscopy was performed in all eight cases and made the diagnosis definitively in four. In two cases the diagnosis was confirmed on barium meal and in the other two, diagnosis was eventually made at laparotomy. Two patients were shocked on admission and required emergency surgery. In one case a diameter greater than 10 cm suggested malignant potential and wide local resection was performed. In one other case with a tumour in the antrum, a distal partial gastrectomy was performed, and in the case with leiomyoblastoma a proximal gastrectomy was performed. One case was lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up in six cases free of disease with benign tumour was 2.6 years. The patient with a tumour of greater than 10 cm in diameter remains well at 18 months follow-up and the patient with a malignant leiomyoblastoma died 2 years after surgery.     

Second primary carcinoma in the gastric tube constructed as an esophageal substitute after esophagectomy

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of esophageal carcinoma has improved, but along with this improvement, concern has increased about the occurrence of second primary carcinoma, especially gastric carcinoma, in tubes constructed from the stomach after esophagectomy. We describe our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric tube carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively examined 31 cases of gastric tube carcinoma; these cases occurred in 26 patients who received esophagectomy between September 1968 and October 2000. RESULTS: Surgical resection was performed in 10 patients. Gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection was performed in 7 patients and partial resection of the stomach without lymph node dissection in 3 patients. In 6 patients leakage was encountered after gastrectomy; 3 of these patients died of multiple organ failure. Only one of the gastrectomy patients is alive without disease. Over the past 7 years, 15 patients with 20 lesions have been treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Three of these patients required additional operation because of massive submucosal invasion by the tumor. One complication occurred at EMR, but it was successfully treated by conservative therapy. All patients treated by EMR alone were alive with neither local nor distant metastasis during a median followup period of 27.5 months. Of those patients who received surgical resection initially and were diagnosed as inoperable, all 10 had not received periodic checkups and had some symptoms. In contrast, of 15 patients who underwent EMR, all 20 lesions were found by annual followup endoscopic examination in the absence of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: EMR for gastric tube carcinoma is safe and has few complications, in contrast to surgical resection of the gastric tube, which places a severe burden on the patient and has high morbidity and mortality. Early detection of the tumor by annual endoscopic examination is recommended for achieving good outcomes in gastric tube carcinoma after esophagectomy.     

胃间质细胞瘤18例诊治分析

目的　探讨胃间质细胞瘤的诊断和治疗。方法　对胃质细胞瘤 18例临床资料进行回顾性分析。 18例均经手术证实病理确诊。胃楔形切除 2例 ,胃部分切除 5例 ,胃大部切除 9例 ,全胃切除加局部淋巴结清扫 2例。结果　该病多见于 40岁以上成人 ,以胃体和腔内型生长为多 ,分别占5 5 .5 %和 61.1%。术前诊断率 2 7.8% ,误诊率 72 .2 %。手术切除率 10 0 % ,无手术并发症和手术死亡。 15例术后随访 1～ 10a ,2例死于肿瘤复发转移 ,其余均存活。结论　该病缺乏特异临床表现 ,术前诊断较难。X线钡餐和胃镜检查是主要辅助诊断手段 ,结合组织学和免疫组化检查有助于确诊。手术切除是惟一有效的治疗方法。