超微剂量肝素钙佐治毛细支气管炎的疗效观察

目的探讨超微剂量肝素钙静注佐治毛细支气管炎的疗效及其安全性.方法将62例毛细支气管炎患儿随机分为两组,对照组采用综合治疗,治疗组在综合治疗的基础上加用超微剂量肝素钙静注,对治疗后两组在症状、体征消失时间和平均住院日等方面进行疗效观察和比较.结果治疗组总有效率优于对照组,喘憋咳嗽症状缓解时间、肺部体征改善时间和住院日均短于对照组(经统计学检验P<0.01),且无毒副作用.结论超微剂量肝素钙静注佐治毛细支气管炎疗效确切,安全方便.     

Biochemical selenocysteine synthesis and the phylogenic study

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element. Se is found as selenocysteine (Sec) in Se-proteins. Sec is the 21(st) amino acid, because Sec has its tRNA, the codon UGA and those components in its translational machinery. Sec UGA codon shares with major stop codon UGA. We purified Sec synthesizing enzymes, such as seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS), Sec synthetase (SecS) and selenophosphate synthetase (SePS). I described the procedures to prepare Sec tRNA, SerRS, SecS, SePS and [(75)Se]H(2)Se in detail. We clarified that SecS composed of two proteins, SecSalpha and SecSbeta. Sec synthesizing and incorporating systems present in Monela, Animalia and Protoctista but not in Plantae and Fungi. We showed that protozoa had Sec tRNA on which Sec was synthesized from Ser-tRNA by bovine and protozoa SecS. Some worms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Fasiola gigantica, also had Sec tRNA on which Sec was synthesized by bovine liver SecS or C. elegans enzymes. We showed recognition sites of mammalian Sec tRNA by SecS. The identity units of Sec tRNA are 9 bp aminoacyl- and 6 bp D-stems. This recognition is not the base-specific manner but the length-specific manner. From comparison of the phylogeny trees of Sec synthesizing system and translation system, we concluded that the evolution of Sec synthesizing system is older than that of the translation system.     

Biochemical, histopathological and clinical evaluation of delayed effects caused by methamidophos isoforms and TOCP in hens: Ameliorative effects using control of calcium homeostasis

This work evaluated the potential of the isoforms of methamidophos to cause organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) in hens. In addition to inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), calpain activation, spinal cord lesions and clinical signs were assessed. The isoforms (+)-, (±)- and (-)-methamidophos were administered at 50mg/kg orally; tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) was administered (500mg/kg, po) as positive control for delayed neuropathy. The TOCP hens showed greater than 80% and approximately 20% inhibition of NTE and AChE in hen brain, respectively. Among the isoforms of methamidophos, only the (+)-methamidophos was capable of inhibiting NTE activity (approximately 60%) with statistically significant difference compared to the control group. Calpain activity in brain increased by 40% in TOCP hens compared to the control group when measured 24h after dosing and remained high (18% over control) 21 days after dosing. Hens that received (+)-methamidophos had calpain activity 12% greater than controls. The histopathological findings and clinical signs corroborated the biochemical results that indicated the potential of the (+)-methamidophos to be the isoform responsible for OPIDN induction. Protection against OPIDN was examined using a treatment of 2 doses of nimodipine (1mg/kg, i.m.) and one dose of calcium gluconate (5mg/kg, i.v.). The treatment decreased the effect of OPIDN-inducing TOCP and (+)-methamidophos on calpain activity, spinal cord lesions and clinical signs.     

Biochemical and clinical effects of vitamin E administration in homozygous beta-thalassemia

In beta-thalassemic homozygotes, low plasma levels of tocopherols may induce a red blood cell (RBC) lipid peroxidation and consequent hemolysis. This is an indication to treat these patients with vitamin E. In this study 26 beta-thalassemic homozygotes aged 2-14 years, were given vitamin E, 10 orally and 16 parenterally, 300 mg per day for 15 days. Prior to administration and blood transfusion, as compared to normal subjects of the same age, plasma and RBC tocopherols were significantly lower, whereas RBC malonyldialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased. In both groups, after tocopherol administration, an increase in plasma and RBC tocopherols and a decrease in RBC MDA were found. The significance of these variations was greater in the parenterally treated group than in orally treated group. The treatment with vitamin E, appears to be effective to reduce the RBC oxidative damage in homozygous beta-thalassemia, principally when administered parenterally perhaps because of its poor intestinal absorption in these subjects.     

聚卡波非钙的药理及临床研究

通过文献回顾,评价聚卡波非钙治疗肠易激综合征及其他原因所致便秘的药理作用、药动学、临床研究和安全性。本品为高分子聚合物,临床试验显示其对肠易激综合症及其他原因引起的便秘具有很好的疗效,主要的不良反应为消化道症状。     

细胞内钙的调节机制与临床应用

钙离子参与细胞多种反应 ,对维持机体功能十分重要。该文简要介绍了细胞内钙离子通道及调节机制 ,脑血管疾病、心血管疾病钙离子分布的变化及一些药物对细胞内钙的调节机制。     

Biochemical study of the anti-inflammatory activity of and -amyrin acetate

The anti-inflammatory activity of α-amyrin acetate and β-amyrin acetate was found similar to hydrocortisone on granulation tissue formation induced by “cotton wool” pellet implantation in albino rats. Quantitatively, β-amyrin acetate showed more potent anti-inflammatory activity in comparison to α-amyrin acetate.     

Biochemical effects of ryodipine (foridon)--a new calcium antagonist and derivative of 1,4-dihydopyridine

Ryodipine (foridon)--2, 6-dimethyl-3,5-dicarbomethoxy-4-(o-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1, 4-dihydropyridine--similarly to nifedipine but at a lesser degree than nicardipine causes an increase of cAMP concentration in the slices of the rabbit myocardium and aorta. This property of 1,4-dihydropyridines is reflected in their effect on the uptake of 45Ca2+ by the myocardial strips. In the range of concentrations of 10(-4)-10(-6)M inhibition of 45Ca2+ transport is enhanced with a decrease of concentrations of the drugs. Under inactivation of potential-dependent transport of Ca2+, 1,4-dihydropyridines enhance the uptake of 45Ca2+. The similar effect was found at incubation of the myocardial slices in a polarizing buffer (2.68 mM K+). Verapamil, irrespective of the degree of depolarization (60,123 mM K+), suppressed in a linear dependence the uptake of 45Ca2+ and failed to influence this process in the absence of potential-dependent transport of Ca2+. By its biochemical effects ryodipine does not differ from the known derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine but has, like nifedipine and nicardipine, significant differences as compared with verapamil.     

创伤患者离子钙的变化及临床意义

目的 观察创伤患者离子钙水平的变化及临床意义.方法 ICU的创伤患者94例,在入院时即行离子钙测定及创伤严重度评分(ISS评分),并取入院24 h内最差的生理参数及实验室检查结果进行APACHE Ⅱ评分,按ISS分值、APACHE Ⅱ分值及预后分组.结果 离子钙水平随着ISS、APACHE Ⅱ分值的增高而降低(P＜0.01).死亡组离子钙水平明显低于存活组,ISS及APACHE Ⅱ评分显著高于存活组(P＜0.01).结论 创伤患者早期离子钙水平检测对临床评估创伤患者严重程度及预后有一定的意义.     

Biochemical and histologic study of lethal cisplatin nephrotoxicity prevention by mirtazapine

BackgroundCisplatin is a platinum derivative frequently used in the chemotherapy of different solid tumors. This biochemical and histologic study investigated a possible protective effect of mirtazapine with regard to cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat.MethodsThe animals were divided into 4 groups: 15 mg/kg mirtazapine + 10 mg/kg cisplatin, 30 mg/kg mirtazapine + 10 mg/kg cisplatin, only 10 mg/kg cisplatin and negative control (healthy) group. During 14 days, the treatment and treated control group took drugs, while the healthy animals were given distilled water on the same schedule. All animals were sacrificed by high-dose anesthesia at the end of the 14 days of treatment; their kidneys were removed and subjected to histologic and biochemical study.ResultsIn both of the doses we used, mirtazapine decreased the levels of malondialdehyde, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and myeloperoxidase activity when compared to cisplatin group. On the other hand, it increased total glutathione level in all doses. Slight histopathological findings were determined in mirtazapine groups when compared to cisplatin control group.ConclusionIn the light of our results and literature knowledge, we can conclude that the protective effect of mirtazapine in cisplatin toxicity originates from its own antioxidant activity.