阔筋膜张肌缝匠肌骨瓣移植治疗股骨颈骨折

目的 观察阔筋膜张肌和缝匠肌双肌蒂肌瓣移植治疗新鲜股骨颈头下型和经颅型骨折的疗效。方法 缝匠肌蒂组30例用可折螺钉固定加缝匠肌蒂骨瓣移植;双肌蒂组23例采用可折螺钉或空心加压螺钉固定加阔筋膜张肌和缝匠肌双肌蒂骨瓣移植。结果 随访52例,时间3－5年,平均4年,缝匠肌蒂组8例疗效较差,双肌蒂组均愈合良好。结论 联合双肌蒂骨瓣治疗股骨颈头下型和经颈型骨折,其近期和中期疗效均较缝匠肌单肌蒂骨瓣移植好。     

带阔筋膜张肌髂骨瓣移植治疗儿童股骨颈骨折

目的：探讨儿童股骨颈骨折的治疗方法，并对其疗效进行评定。方法：本组儿童股骨颈骨折12例，男7例，女5例；年龄7～15岁，平均10．5岁。损伤按Delbet分型：Ⅰ型1例，Ⅱ型6例，Ⅲ型4型，Ⅳ型1例。全部病例均行切开复位、多枚克氏针固定，并应用带阔筋膜张肌髂骨瓣移植，以促进骨折愈合。结果：经平均4．5年随访，所有骨折均解剖复位，无切口感染及断针情况发生，除Ⅰ型1例发生股骨颈变短、骺板早闭，Ⅱ型2例发生股骨头缺血眭坏死外，其余病例骨折均愈合。按赵东升等功能评定标准：优6例，良3例，差3例，优良率达75％。结论：多枚克氏针呈三角锥形固定具有较强的抗水平剪力及旋转应力，固定可靠，阔筋膜张肌的营养血管行走恒定，血供丰富，髂骨块切取后对患儿的肢体功能和形态无影响，是治疗儿童股骨颈骨折比较理想的一种方法。     

肌骨瓣移植与多枚空心加压螺钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

青壮年股骨颈囊内骨折是治疗中的一个难题。由于血液供应差,复位常不满意,易造成骨折不愈合与股骨头坏死。自1998-2004年对25例青壮年股骨颈囊内骨折,分别采用缝匠肌肌蒂髂骨瓣与股方肌肌骨瓣和多枚AO空心加压螺钉内固定,通过1~3.5年术后观察,疗效满意,现报告如下。1临床资料本     

小切口缝匠肌髂骨瓣植入治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的:探讨一种经小切口与缝匠肌髂骨瓣转移治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的方法。方法:股骨颈骨折33例,男25例,女8例;年龄17~50岁,平均39.5岁。Garden骨折分类:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型16例,Ⅳ型11例。采用经股骨粗隆外侧小切口带缝匠肌髂骨瓣植入方法进行治疗。结果:33例均获得随访,随访时间6个月~7年8个月,平均3年6个月。所有病例均达解剖复位。股骨头缺血性坏死2例,骨折不愈合1例,其余病例骨折愈合良好。按Harris疗效评定标准:优19例,良10例,可2例,差2例。无断钉及螺钉松动发生。结论:经小切口与缝匠肌髂骨瓣转移具有操作简便,骨折复位可靠,创伤小,并发症少的优点,为青壮年股骨颈骨折患者提供一种骨折愈合率高、股骨头坏死率低的手术方法。     

三枚空心拉力螺钉经皮治疗股骨颈骨折

目的通过研究三枚空心拉力螺钉经皮治疗股骨颈骨折临床操作方法,手术前后注意事项,达到提高临床疗效,减少股骨颈骨折的并发症.方法本组41例均为新鲜股骨颈骨折,经术前牵引复位,在牵引状态及C型臂机透视下,从患肢大腿外侧穿刺,与股骨成20°～30°角的方向交叉钻入导引针,定位正确后,再分别拧入3枚空心拉力螺钉.结果随访2年2个月～13年2个月,采用北京积水潭医院疗效评定标准,41例中愈合39例,愈合率95.12%,发生股骨头缺血性坏死6例,占14.63%.结论术前良好的复位,术中选择合适的螺钉,正规的操作,是手术成功的关键,骨折愈合的基础.术后早期不负重,正确的康复锻炼是降低股骨头缺血性坏死发生率的必备条件.     

闭合复位技术治疗外展嵌插型股骨颈骨折

目的: 探讨C形臂X线监测下闭合复位技术3枚螺钉固定外展嵌插型股骨颈骨折的可行性。方法: 回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年12月接受手术的17例外展嵌插型股骨颈骨折患者,男10例,女7例,年龄21~59(42.09±7.30)岁。根据术前的X线和CT资料,明确股骨头后倾及外展移位角度,2枚直径2 mm克氏针交叉从股骨头外侧和前方轻敲入髋臼顶盖骨质内,将近骨折段固定在髋臼上,在C形臂X线监测下逆骨折移位方向,逐渐内旋内收下肢(远骨折段),使远骨折端对合近骨折端完成解剖复位后3枚空心螺钉内固定。评价Garden指数,观察术后并发症,进行Harris功能评分。结果: 17例外展嵌插型股骨颈骨折均顺利完成闭合复位内固定,手术时间36~68(43.87±7.63) min,术中出血15~50(28.36±5.93) ml。术中Garden指数评价骨折复位质量,解剖复位12例,可接受复位5例,无复位不成功改开放复位病例。17例获得随访,时间3~41(27.5±8.4)个月。无股骨头坏死、骨折不愈合、髋关节撞击征、股骨颈缩短等并发症出现,MRI检查未发现有股骨头坏死及关节软骨损伤表现。术后2年髋关节Harris评分优13例,良4例。结论: 闭合复位3枚螺钉内固定手术技术治疗外展嵌插型股骨颈骨折可获得良好的解剖复位率及治疗效果。     

部分臀中肌髂骨瓣重建青壮年股骨头颈部血供的临床研究

目的 探讨部分臀中肌髂骨瓣重建股骨头颈部血供的疗效.方法 2004年6月至2009年12月共收治20例股骨颈骨折或股骨头缺血性坏死患者,男15例,女5例;年龄25～56岁,平均38.6岁.股骨颈骨折组10例,男7例,女3例;骨折按Garden分型:Ⅱ型2例,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ型3例.受伤至手术时间为11～23 d,平均14.3 d.股骨头缺血性坏死组10例,男8例,女2例;股骨头缺血性坏死按Ficat分期:Ⅱ期6例,Ⅲ期4例.股骨颈骨折患者采用内固定治疗,股骨头缺血性坏死患者采用清除坏死骨、植骨治疗,两组患者均应用部分臀中肌髂骨瓣移植于股骨头颈部,以修复重建股骨头颈部血供.结果 20例患者术后获1～5年(平均3.1年)随访.股骨颈骨折组患者骨折均扶愈合,术后3个月髋关节Harris评分为81～97分,平均92分;其中优5例,良4例,差1例,优良率为90%.1例出现股骨头坏死.股骨头缺血性坏死绀患者症状明显改善,术后3个月髋关节Harris评分为73～95分,平均84分;其中优4例.良3例,可1例,差2例,优良率为70%.3例出现股骨头坏死加重,其中2例行关节置换术治疗.结论部分臀中肌髂骨瓣血供丰富、操作简单、安全可靠且术后不影响臀中肌功能,是一种重建股骨头颈部血供的有效方法.

Abstract：

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of partial gluteus medius-ilium flap in reconstruction of the blood supply to the femoral head and neck to treat femoral neck fracture and femoral head necrosis in young and middle-aged adults. Methods From June 2004 to December 2009, we treated 20 patients with femoral neck fracture and femoral head necrosis. They were 15 men and 5 women, aged from 25 to 56 years (mean, 38. 6 years). In the 10 cases of femoral neck fracture (group A), there were 7 men and 3 women, and 2 Garden type Ⅱ, 5 type Ⅲ and 3 type Ⅳ fractures. The duration from injury to surgery averaged 14. 3 days (from 11 to 23 days). In the 10 cases of femoral head necrosis (group B), there were 8 men and 2 women, and 6 ones of Ficat phase Ⅱ and 4 ones of phase Ⅲ. Group A were treated with reduction and hollow nail fixation. Group B were treated with removal of the necrotic bone and graft of iliac spongy bone.Partial gluteus medius-ilium flaps were used in both groups to reconstruct the blood supply to the femoral head and neck. Results The 20 patients were followed up for one to 5 years (mean, 3. 1 years). In group A,all fractures healed and the average Harris hip score 3 months postoperation was 92 (range, 81 to 97) .Femoral head necrosis occurred in one case. In group B, the symptoms were greatly improved and the average Harris hip score 3 months postoperation was 84 (range, 73 to 95). Deterioration was found in 3 cases, 2 of which had to sustain hip replacement. Conclusion The partial gluteus medius-ilium flap is effective in reconstruction of the blood supply to the femoral head and neck, because it keeps abundant blood supply, and is simple, safe and reliable to handle without sacrificing function of the gluteus medius.     

吻合血管腓骨移植治疗陈旧性股骨颈骨折

目的 应用吻合血管腓骨移植和加压螺丝钉内固定治疗陈旧性股骨颈骨折,观察股骨颈骨折的愈合和股骨头缺血坏死的修复和预防状况。方法 在加压螺丝钉内固定的基础上,取自体带血管腓骨,移植在股骨头颈部的前外侧,腓骨动静脉与旋股外动静脉吻合。结果 １８６例患者经３￣１５年的系统Ｘ线片和功能随访观察,骨折愈合率为９３．０％,优良率达８６．５％。结论 带血管腓骨和加压螺丝钉对陈旧性股骨颈骨折形成协同固定作用,腓骨坚     

外固定支架加缝匠肌蒂髂骨瓣治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的：探讨应用外固定支架加缝匠肌蒂髂骨瓣移植治疗肌骨颈骨折的疗效,方法：采用改良Smith-peterson切口,切开复位,利用外固定支架外固定加缝匠肌蒂髂骨瓣治疗股骨颈骨折13例,结果：经2－7年随访,骨折均达坚强愈合,肢体功能恢复满意,无股骨头无菌性坏死或塌陷,结果：外固定支架加缝匠肌蒂髂骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折,既解决了股骨颈骨折复位后固定问题,又起活体骨移植作用,改善了股骨头颈血供,提高了骨折的愈合率。     

Treatment of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures

Objective：To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment options and causes of misdiagnosis of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures.
Methods： Among 20 patients with ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures, 19 were treated operatively and 1 was treated conservatively. Sixteen cases of femoral shaft fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with compressive plate, and 2 cases were treated with interlocking intramedullary nailing. Eighteen femoral neck fractures were treated with cannulated screws. Another patient was treated with proximal femoral nail to fix both the neck and shaft. Delayed diagnosis for femoral neck frac-tures occurred in 2 cases preoperatively. Results： A total of 19 patients were followed up. The follow up period ranged from 5 to 48 months with an average of 15 months. All the fractures were healed.
Conclusion： For case of femoral shaft fracture caused by high energy injury, an AP pelvic film should be routinely taken. Once the femoral neck fracture is recognized, operative reduction and fixation should be performed in time. Femoral neck and shaft fractures should be fixed separately.     

经皮AO空心钉治疗股骨颈骨折

我院于1997年1月-2000年3月采用经皮AO空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折34例,其中33例恢复正常行走,取得较好疗效,报告如下.……     

骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的疗效观察

目的 探讨骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效.方法 自2003年9月～2009年11月,本组共收治青壮年股骨颈骨折102例,其中采用带旋髂深血管髂骨瓣联合空心加压螺钉(A组)治疗31例,股方肌骨瓣联合空心加压螺钉(B组)治疗29例,缝匠肌骨瓣联合加空心加压螺钉(C组)治疗18例,单纯空心加压螺钉(D组)治疗24例....     

血运重建加内固定治疗股骨颈骨折

股骨颈骨折由于解剖结构的特殊性,易发生骨折不愈合及股骨头缺血性坏死.自1991年1月在手术中采取血运重建加内固定方法治疗股骨颈骨折,特别是近来研究设计应用植入血管对接吻合方法,更为确切地重建了股骨头颈部的血运,取得了满意效果,报道如下:     

Treatment of neglected femoral neck fracture

Intra-capsular femoral neck fractures are seen commonly in elderly people following a low energy trauma. Femoral neck fracture has a devastating effect on the blood supply of the femoral head, which is directly proportional to the severity of trauma and displacement of the fracture. Various authors have described a wide array of options for treatment of neglected/nonunion (NU) femoral neck fracture. There is lack of consensus in general, regarding the best option. This Instructional course article is an analysis of available treatment options used for neglected femoral neck fracture in the literature and attempt to suggest treatment guides for neglected femoral neck fracture. We conducted the “Pubmed” search with the keywords “NU femoral neck fracture and/or neglected femoral neck fracture, muscle-pedicle bone graft in femoral neck fracture, fibular graft in femoral neck fracture and valgus osteotomy in femoral neck fracture.” A total of 203 print articles were obtained as the search result. Thirty three articles were included in the analysis and were categorized into four subgroups based on treatment options. (a) treated by muscle-pedicle bone grafting (MPBG), (b) closed/open reduction internal fixation and fibular grafting (c) open reduction and internal fixation with valgus osteotomy, (d) miscellaneous procedures. The data was pooled from all groups for mean neglect, the type of study (prospective or retrospective), classification used, procedure performed, mean followup available, outcome, complications, and reoperation if any. The outcome of neglected femoral neck fracture depends on the duration of neglect, as the changes occurring in the fracture area and fracture fragments decides the need and type of biological stimulus required for fracture union. In stage I and stage II (Sandhu''s staging) neglected femoral neck fracture osteosynthesis with open reduction and bone grafting with MPBG or Valgus Osteotomy achieves fracture union in almost 90% cases. However, in stage III with or without AVN, the results of osteosynthesis are poor and the choice of treatment is replacement arthroplasty (hemi or total).     

缝匠肌骨瓣移植及固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的：为了防止青壮年股骨颈骨折后发生骨不愈合、颈吸收及股骨头缺血性坏死。方法：采用带缝匠肌蒂髂骨瓣移植及多枚骨圆针内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折17例。结果：经过2－5年的随访,疗效评定：优12例,良3例,优良率88．2％,骨愈合17例,愈合率100％。愈合时间为3－12月,平均5个月,1例发生股骨头缺血性坏死,股骨头坏死率5．9％。结论：本术式能为骨折端提供充足血供,内固定可靠,能明显提高股骨颈骨折的治愈率,减少股骨头缺血性坏死的发生,是治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的好方法。     

前外侧入路人工关节置换治疗股骨转子下骨折并股骨颈陈旧性骨折

目的:探讨股骨转子下骨折并股骨颈陈旧性骨折经一次性关节置换术的临床疗效。方法:自2003年10月至2013年10月,对7例外伤性股骨转子下新鲜骨折伴股骨颈陈旧性骨折患者行一次性人工髋关节置换术,其中男5例,女2例;年龄 69～80岁,平均74.5岁。股骨颈骨折按照Garden分型:Ⅳ型2例,Ⅴ型5例。股骨骨折类型按照 AO分类均为 A1型长斜形股骨转子下骨折,均采用生物涂层长柄股骨假体。术后观察其并发症并采用Charnley评分系统评价髋关节功能。结果:7例患者均获随访,时间 12～24个月,平均18个月。术后泌尿系统感染1例,深静脉栓塞1例。5例患者在术后 6个月恢复步行能力,2例在 1年后仍需扶拐步行。按Charnley髋关节功能评分标准,总分(15.0±2.5)分,其中优4例,良2 例,中1例。结论:前外侧入路人工髋关节置换治疗股骨转子下骨折并股骨颈陈旧性骨折,具有关节稳定性好、并发症少、恢复快、疼痛轻、可早期下地活动的优点。     

经皮鳞纹针固定治疗股骨颈骨折

1987年2月-2002年2月，我院采用经皮鳞纹针固定治疗股骨颈骨折112例，并对资料完整的病例进行回顾性总结，报告如下。     

Posterior dislocation of the hip with ipsilateral displaced femoral neck fracture

Traumatic posterior dislocation of hip associated with ipsilateral displaced femoral neck fracture is a rare injury. Moreover, the management of such patients evokes strong views regarding primary replacement or preserving the femoral head. We presented a case of young adult with such an injury. He was operated upon with reduction of the dislocation and fixation of femoral neck fracture with the help of cancellous screws. Two years later, the fracture had united and the patient was asymptomatic. We further proposed the mechanism of injury for such a fracture and discussed the management in the changing trauma scenario of the developing world.     

双极中空加压螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折

自1998年采用苏州医学院-附院研制的双极中空加压螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折,由于其具有坚强固定,不易松动退钉等特点,使股骨颈骨折愈合率大为提高,愈合周期缩短,现将随访的33例结果报道如下.     

经皮双头空心加压螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折

股骨颈骨折是老年人常见的损伤，股骨颈骨折的不愈合率及股骨头坏死率分别为10％～30％和20％～40％，骨折的部位和移位程度是影响股骨颈骨折预后的根本因素。目前，国内外对多针固定的优点已产生共识，空心加压螺钉已成为治疗股骨颈骨折的首选方法。1998年6月-2001年6月，我们采用3枚双头加压空心螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折，取得了较满意疗效，现总结如下。