足拇外翻矫形术籽骨处理的探讨

足拇外翻患者常常伴有籽骨不同程度的脱位 ,我们在进行拇外翻矫形术时 ,对脱位的籽骨进行部分摘除后 ,进行总结随访发现 ,籽骨完全脱位者应摘除籽骨 ,籽骨摘除后对拇跖角、跖间角及外形均有一定的影响且功能恢复良好 ,籽骨半脱位者不应摘除籽骨 ,否则负重点转移 ,二、三跖骨头胼胝形成。对已经脱位的籽骨 ,行拇外翻矫形术时 ,对籽骨不进行任何处理 ,术后对脱位的籽骨无复位作用     

小切口微创截骨对拇外翻合并跖痛症手术疗效的评价

目的通过研究拇外翻合并跖痛症小切口微创截骨手术治疗前后足X光片以及步态运动学特点,为小切口微创截骨手法复位疗效提供客观依据,促进对本病的诊治水平。方法收集、选择我科2016年1月至2016年12月小切口截骨手术患者60例,118足,通过小切口行外侧软组织松解术并经内侧小切口行骨赘去除、第一跖骨头颈部或颈干部截骨,通过手摸心会、拔伸牵引、推挤、端提等正骨手法纠正畸形,将远端截骨块向外侧推移,使患足第一跖骨头下沉,减轻平衡足底受力区,矫正第一、二跖骨间角,"8"字无菌绷带加压包扎固定,并把拇外翻患者手术前后测定的的影像学检查和步态热力图进行分析比较。结果第一跖骨区患足手术截骨区均愈合,无骨不连,无出现感染现象,无复发;随访12-24个月,平均18个月,外观、功能良好,第一跖骨周围疼痛与第二跖骨头下疼痛均明显改善,步态改善优良率为90.7%。结论通过患者自然行走步态改善、术前术后X线检查客观证明,小切口微创截骨、手法整复绷带加压包扎固定治疗成人拇外翻合并跖痛症是一种有效、成熟、简单经济的手术方法。     

Chevron截骨术治疗足拇外翻的疗效观察

目的探讨应用第一跖骨远端Chevron截骨术治疗轻度拇外翻的临床疗效。方法对13例22足轻度拇外翻患者采用第一跖骨远端Chevron截骨术进行治疗。患足术前术后摄负重正侧位X线片,进行AOFAS评分以评价功能和疼痛情况,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果所有患者均获得随访(平均11个月)。所有患者截骨端均达骨性愈合,平均临床愈合时间为6周。未出现血管、神经损伤或感染等并发症,至末次随访未出现一例内固定松动、断裂,拇外翻复发或第一跖骨头缺血坏死、转移性跖骨痛等并发症。术前HVA平均25.2°,术后为5.6°;术前IMA平均11.4°,术后为6.3°;术前AOFAS评分为52.4分,术后至末次随访时为87.5分。各项指标术前术后对比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论第一跖骨远端Chevron截骨术治疗轻度拇外翻,近期疗效满意。     

拇外翻微创跖骨远端截骨术3种固定方法疗效比较

目的探讨拇外翻微创跖骨远端截骨术后不同固定方法对治疗效果及功能评分（AOFAS）的影响。方法回顾性分析115例（204足）行微创截骨术患者的临床资料,根据术后固定方法的不同分为单纯包扎外固定组（35例62足）、herbert钉固定组（55例99足）和克氏针固定组（25例43足）,观察患者手术前后x线片变化,测量拇外翻角（HVA）、第1、2跖骨间角（IMA）、第1、2跖骨相对长度（MPD）、跖趾关节活动度及AOFAS等的变化,综合评判3种不同固定方法的差异。结果3组患者手术前后HVA、第1、2IMA、MPD、跖趾关节活动度和AOFAS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;手术后,单纯包扎外固定组患者较herbert钉固定组和克氏针固定组跖骨短缩明显,跖趾关节活动度较差,AOFAS评分较低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而herbert钉固定组与克氏针固定组各指标问比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论微创跖骨远端截骨术治疗拇外翻,术后herbert钉或克氏针内固定在治疗效果及功能评价方面均明显优于单纯包扎外固定。     

第一跖骨籽骨系统与拇外翻

目的探讨第一跖骨籽骨系统在拇外翻发病机制中的作用.方法对245足正常足和141足拇外翻足籽骨的绝对位置和相对位置[以胫侧籽骨位置(tibialsesamoidposition,TSP)来表示]进行测量,并与拇外翻角(halluxvalgusangle,HVA)、跖间角(intermetatarsalangle,IMA)、跖趾关节半脱位进行统计学分析.结果正常足与拇外翻足籽骨的绝对位置无差异,TSP与HVA、IMA呈明显的相关关系.245足正常足TSP的正常值范围为TSP≤3.92足拇外翻足行手术治疗中,19足行改良McBride手术,24足行跖骨头颈部截骨术,29足行跖骨基底截骨术,20足行Keller手术.因为Keller手术并不能矫正TSP,故共随访72足拇外翻足,随访时间1～6年,平均4年.术后HVA为5°～10°,平均7°;IMA为5°～9°,平均7°;TSP均为3或4.根据孙俊英等提出的疗效评价标准,优60足(83%),良8足(11%),差4足(6%),优良率为94%.结论TSP应该作为常规术后疗效评价及手术方式选择的重要依据.对于TSP位置异常者,应首选骨性手术,以恢复正常的跖骨籽骨系统.     

三截骨术治疗重度足拇外翻40例效果分析

目的:报道三截骨术治疗重度足拇外翻的临床效果。方法:重度足拇外翻40例(54足)采取切除第一跖骨头内侧滑囊及骨赘,松解拇内收肌腱斜头、外侧关节囊和跖籽骨间韧带,采用三截骨术治疗重度足拇外翻。结果:随访0.5～2.0年,平均1.5年,优:21例,良:15例,差:4例,优良率90.0%;其中2例因伴帕金森病术后复发,另2例术后过早开始下地负重行走,导致拇外翻畸形复发。结论:采用三截骨术(Austin+Akin+第1跖骨基底截骨手术)治疗严重足拇外翻效果满意。     

重度拇外翻第一跖骨近端截骨的临床疗效分析

目的探讨重度拇外翻通过对第一跖骨近端截骨矫形的临床疗效分析。方法 2011年1月至2014年6月,15例18足中,男3例,女12例,平均年龄56.7岁。入院后均行第一跖骨近端截骨Herbert螺钉固定,软组织松解。术前术后拍摄X线片测量拇外翻角、第一二跖间角和采用AOFAS前足评分予以评估。结果 15例患者均顺利完成手术,术后平均随访时间23.73月,术后拇外翻角、第一二跖间角和AOFAS前足评分均明显改善,无拇外翻畸形的复发,无拇内翻形成。结论重度拇外翻畸形通过对第一跖骨近端截骨矫形,Herbert螺钉内固定能明显改善拇外翻畸形,获得良好的临床疗效。     

第一跖骨基底部截骨＋第一,二跖骨颈捆绑治疗拇外翻（附7例报告）

拇外翻是足部常见疾病,易并发滑囊炎、胼胝、锤状趾等,常感疼痛,且足外形差,影响美观。我院于１９９５年１月～１９９７年７月采用第一跖骨基底部截骨,第一、二跖骨颈捆绑治疗拇外翻畸形７例１３足,取得满意疗效。现报告如下。１　临床资料　　本组７例均为女性,年龄２１～５４岁,平均３４．５岁;双足６例,右足１例,其中平足２例,伴有第二跖骨下胼胝９足,第二趾仰趾畸形１例２足,７例１３足均有疼痛、拇囊炎表现,病程１～３０年,手术前足负重正位Ｘ线片测量：拇趾外翻角（Ｍ１－Ｐ１角）最小３５°,最大４２°,平均３８°…     

微创手术治疗拇外翻23例（42足）

目的探讨微创手术治疗拇外翻的效果及注意事项。方法本组23例（42足）拇外翻均采用微创手术治疗,行第1跖趾关节囊外侧松解,第1跖骨头内侧骨赘切除,跖骨头颈斜形截骨,术后“8”字绷带包扎,生活可自理。结果优20例37足,良2例4足,差1例1足,优良率976％。结论微创手术治疗拇外翻具有损伤小、痛苦少、术后恢复快、安全性高的特点。     

游离第2足趾或关节移植术后供足X线改变

游离第2足趾或关节移植术是最主要的拇、手指再造方法之一。作者采用双足标准正位及负重侧位X线拍片，对27例术后病人平均随访5．66年，按手术截趾平面及随访时间不同行自身对照分层分析。结果：①第1跖骨和其近节趾骨长轴夹角比非手术测平均增大3．75°，原有足拇外翻畸形的病人，术后供足畸形加重。②跖骨截骨组41．67％随访病人供足外侧纵弓平均增大3°。③术后供足1～3趾间距平均比非手术侧小9．13mm。④术后供足最大宽度变小。⑤跖骨截骨组41．67％的病人出现残留跖骨密度降低，本组只有少数病人稍感供足不适，但均不需治疗。     

The effect of hallux abducto valgus surgery on the sesamoid apparatus position

A new parameter, the tibial sesamoid-second metatarsal distance, was established to determine whether the sesamoids move in relation to the foot in hallux abducto valgus surgery. The reliability of the tibial sesamoid-second metatarsal distance was assessed and shown to be excellent. Seventy-five feet underwent surgical correction of hallux abducto valgus. Four radiographic parameters--the intermetatarsal angle, the hallux abductus angle, the tibial sesamoid position, and the tibial sesamoid-second metatarsal distance--were measured before and after surgery. The hallux abductus angle, intermetatarsal angle, and tibial sesamoid position were all significantly reduced following surgery. The tibial sesamoid-second metatarsal distance was not affected by hallux abducto valgus correction. Thus the correction in sesamoid position gained with hallux abducto valgus correction is a direct result of lateral translocation of the metatarsal head, with no contribution from change in position of the sesamoid apparatus relative to the foot.     

足拇外翻危险因素的病例对照研究

目的分析足拇外翻的发病危险因素。方法采用病例对照研究方法将近2年在我院门诊就诊的500例足拇外翻患者设为病例组,将同期来我院体检的500例健康人设为对照组。两组在年龄、地区、性别等方面无统计学差异,且对照组无足拇外翻和其他骨骼畸形等病变,回顾性分析遗传因素和生活习惯与足拇外翻的相关性。结果以第一跖骨头为圆形作为发病因素,病例组与对照组相比较,P<0.05。以跖间角过大作为发病因素,病例组与对照组相比较,P<0.05。以跖骨内收作为发病因素,病例组与对照组相比较,P<0.05。以籽骨位置异常作为发病因素,病例组与对照组相比较,P<0.05。结论第一跖骨头为圆形、跖间角过大、跖骨内收、先天性籽骨异常与足拇外翻的发病关系确切,可以利用其筛查足拇外翻易患人群,提出针对性的防治措施,降低足拇外翻的发病率,值得进一步研究与探讨。     

Radiological Characteristics and Anatomical Risk Factors in the Evaluation of Hallux Valgus in Chinese Adults

Background:There are no unified theories as to the anatomical changes that occur with hallux valgus,we investigated the radiological characteristics and anatomical risk factors for hallux valgus deform...     

Metatarsus primus elevatus in hallux rigidus: fact or fiction?

Two hundred seventy-five lateral weightbearing radiographs of isolated pathology were reviewed and stratified into hallux rigidus (n = 100), hallux valgus (n = 75), plantar fasciitis (n = 50), and Morton's neuroma (n = 50) groups. The patient population consisted of healthy individuals with no history of foot trauma or surgery. The first to second metatarsal head elevation, Seiberg index, first to second sagittal intermetatarsal angle, first to fifth metatarsal head distance, and hallux equinus angle were measured in each population. Statistically significant differences were found between the hallux valgus, plantar fasciitis, and Morton's neuroma populations and the hallux rigidus population, which showed greater elevation of the first metatarsal relative to the second for each radiographic measurement technique. In the hallux rigidus population, there was a statistically significant difference between grade II and grades I and III regarding the first to fifth metatarsal head distance (greater in grade II) and the hallux equinus angle (lower in grade II). A review of the literature and comparison with historical controls reveals that metatarsus primus elevatus exists in hallux rigidus and is greater than that found in hallux valgus, plantar fasciitis, and Morton's neuroma groups.     

Adding stability to the crescentic basilar first metatarsal osteotomy

Crescentic basilar osteotomies for metatarsus primus varus and hallux valgus allow for substantial correction of the first intermetatarsal angle and the hallux valgus angle. Crescentic osteotomies have two well-documented pitfalls: sagittal plane instability and difficulty in fixation. We describe the addition of a plantar shelf to crescentic basilar osteotomy that allows for easier fixation and less risk of elevation of the first metatarsal postoperatively. This plantar shelf is made in the metaphyseal portion of the first metatarsal, which provides the benefit of better bone healing. In 20 patients, we found an average reduction in the intermetatarsal angle of 9.3 degrees and an average reduction in the hallux valgus angle of 21.8 degrees. Eight weeks postoperatively, only one patient showed elevation of the first metatarsal.     

跖骨颈微创截骨结合中医正骨八法矫正拇外翻畸形

目的:探讨第一跖骨颈内侧截骨、术中配合正骨八法治疗脚拇趾外翻畸形的疗效。方法:2005年3月—2009年6月,采用跖骨颈微创截骨结合中医正骨八法治疗32例(46足)拇外翻患者,男9例,女23例,年龄35～79岁,平均55岁,病程6个月～10年,患者术前主要症状表现为拇外翻畸形、拇囊炎,穿鞋及行走时疼痛明显。手术前后均摄双足负重正侧位X线片,测量拇外翻角,第1、2跖骨间夹角及近侧关节固角以判定畸形程度,并采用足部疾患治疗效果AOFAS评分以评价其临床疗效。结果:随访时限为24～57个月,平均38个月。术后骨愈合满意,无延迟愈合及不愈合情况,术后足部持续疼痛2例。术后2年与术前相比,患者的拇外翻角,第1、2跖骨间夹角及近侧关节固角平均矫正11.7°、3.5°和9.7°,AOFAS评分提升33.8分。结论:跖骨微创截骨手术结合中医正骨八法是治疗拇趾外翻畸形的一种较好的、疗效可靠的手术方式。     

Proximal oblique crescentic osteotomy in hallux valgus

Twenty-six patients with moderate-to-severe hallux valgus deformities were evaluated before and after treatment. All of the patients had incongruent great toe joints. The patients underwent modified proximal crescentic osteotomy, which was termed proximal oblique crescentic osteotomy. The results were evaluated at an average follow-up time of 55 weeks. Objective criteria were hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, shortening of the first metatarsal, and angulation at the osteotomy site. Clinical evaluation was made according to the rating system of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society. The mean correction of the hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles was 22.1 degrees and 9.9 degrees, respectively. Short-term results indicate that proximal oblique crescentic osteotomy is effective in the treatment of hallux valgus; its advantages over other procedures include its technical ease and low rate of complications.     

Pseudarthrosis after percutaneous distal osteotomy in hallux valgus surgery: a case report

Nonunion of the first metatarsal after hallux valgus surgery is a rare complication that often results in significant pain and disability requiring surgical management. We report the case of a 42-year-old woman who developed a pseudarthrosis of the first metatarsal after percutaneous retrocapital distal osteotomy of the first metatarsal for a mild hallux valgus deformity. The operative treatment consisted of debridement of fibrous nonunion with plating followed by application of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) with an external device.     

Revisional hallux abducto valgus surgery using tricorrectional bunionectomy

We present a radiographic analysis of 91 failed hallux abducto valgus surgeries. Patients were categorized by type of postoperative complication: hallux varus, hallux limitus, or recurrent hallux abducto valgus deformities. All deformities were radiographically evaluated preoperatively and after correction using tricorrectional bunionectomy. Analysis of the surgical revisions showed improvement in radiographic parameters, including the intermetatarsal angle, hallux abductus angle, proximal articular set angle, and tibial sesamoid position. We conclude that tricorrectional bunionectomy is a versatile procedure that can be used when addressing a residual deformity after failed hallux abducto valgus surgery.