言语-语言障碍治疗专业人才培养模式研究

加大言语-语言障碍治疗专业人才培养力度,对于听障儿童的全面康复具有重要意义。本文在介绍美国言语治疗师培养模式的基础上,结合我国当前言语病理学专业和言语一语言障碍治疗专业人才培养现状,笔者提出通过短期培训、编写相关教材、合作办学等途径培养我国言语-语言障碍治疗相关人才的建议。     

听力障碍儿童的言语异常与言语矫治

言语异常是大多数听力障碍儿童在进行听觉言语康复过程中遇到的主要问题，言语矫治是听力障碍儿童全面康复内容的必要组成部分。目前，聋儿康复临床只把言语矫治简单地归为正音的做法，使得言语矫治工作不能得到规范而系统地开展，势必会影响到聋儿康复整体专业水平的提升。目的本文试图凭借言语病理学的相关理论和知识，对听力障碍儿童言语中存在的异常现象进行生理病理机制的探讨，有针对性地介绍几种常用的言语矫治的专业方法，以期唤醒读者对言语矫治工作的专业认知，在临床实践中逐步规范原有的康复行为，切实提高言语矫治工作的专业水平。     

言语治疗康复服务模式探索

针对我国言语治疗需求量大、专业人员不足的现状,综合性残疾人康复机构如何整合内部资源发挥作用,有重要意义。宁夏残疾人康复中心创新整合言语治疗资源,建立了“四级联动”康复服务模式,各级人员采用“相邻联动”及“隔级联动”方式,定期沟通、调整、培训、互相协作,充分发挥“四级联动”康复服务模式作用。有效缓解了机构言语治疗人员不足、方式单一、服务辐射范围局限的现状,为残疾人康复机构提供了借鉴。     

言语识别及其影响因素

言语识别率是评价听力障碍者言语康复效果的重要指标，对言语能力及其影响因素的评估，愈来愈受到听力学工作者的重视。但由于言语测试结果受言语材料、受试者文化程度、测试动机、测试环境条件等多方面因素影响，加之国内外文献对相关名词、术语的解释与表达不尽一致，这都会影响到言语测试在听力言语康复中的规范应用。为此，本刊特别约请听力学专家王树峰、龙墨撰写与该领域相关的文章，以飨读者。     

普通话言语测听单音节词表的编辑与初步等价性评估

目的根据目前听力学发展、尤其是人工耳蜗植入评估的的需要，编辑、录制普通话言语测听词表（mandarin speech test materials，MSTM）中的单音节词表，并进行初步的等价性分析。方法在建立专家小组的基础上，设定单音节词表的目的。依据普通话语音声、韵、调三维平衡和言语测听要求编辑了10张词表，每表50词。选词符合常用口语词和便于临床使用的原则，词源为普通话学界和国家公认的素材。然后由男声发音，录制合成磁带。对72例正常听力受试者进行单耳耳机测试，在其50％正确率水平评估各词表的等价性。结果通过试验证实有7张单音节词表具有良好的难度等价性，可以作为进一步验证和临床使用的基本材料。结论严格按照国际惯例和普通话规则编辑的普通话言语测听单音节词表，其中具有等价性者可以基本满足听力学临床、科研的需求。     

《言语语言障碍儿童康复服务规范》团体标准解读

本文介绍了《言语语言障碍儿童康复服务规范》团体标准的编制背景、编制过程,解读了标准的主要内容。该标准的编制对保障、维护、促进言语语言障碍儿童的康复服务具有指导意义。     

普通话言语测听双音节词表的编辑与初步等价性评估

目的根据言语测听以及普通话语音学的要求,编制汉语（普通话）言语测听材料（mandarin speech test materials,MSTM）中的双音节词（扬扬格）表,作为临床常规测试言语识别阈以及言语评估的基本材料.方法组织各相关学科专家共同制定选词标准,对于具体细节以中文、普通话的规则为准.共编辑了10张词表,每表50词,基本做到声、韵、调三维平衡.录制合成为磁带后进行了正常听力受试者的等价性测试,测试采用单耳耳机给声.并采用3种统计方法分析.结果相关分析结果显示各表间除表5以外相关系数很高,聚类分析将10张表分为2类,但一致性检验Kappa时显示各配对组中Kappa值≥0.40组很少,一致性不高.结论双音节词表作为临床最常用的言语测听材料之一,其编制、录制、等价性评估受到各种影响因素的作用而需要多学科的合作.本次编制的材料尚需要进一步调整录制、测试方法,以期在符合音素平衡的前提下,适合临床、研究使用.     

自我中心言语理论及其对聋生言语康复教育的启示

自我中心言语是儿童言语和思维发展过程中的一个重要现象。在介绍皮亚杰和维果茨基关于自我中心言语的相关理论后，本文对聋生言语康复教育中的一些问题进行了探讨。     

人工耳蜗植入术后听觉言语康复效果与影响因素

人工耳蜗植入术是治疗重度及极重度感音神经性聋的有效手段,但其术后听觉言语康复效果却存在差异。本文通过分析和总结相关文献,归纳人工耳蜗植入术后听觉言语康复效果的影响因素。植入年龄和术后康复训练被认为是影响听觉言语康复效果的主要因素。随着基因诊断及分子生物学的发展,探索基因突变与人工耳蜗植入术后效果之间的内在联系成为研究热点。通过基因诊断明确患者分子病因,结合分析其他相关影响因素,为临床医师评估人工耳蜗植入术后听觉言语康复效果提供依据。     

浅谈聋儿语训中的言语呼吸训练

经过语训后进入普通小学就读的聋儿在言语交流上仍存在不适应，从聋儿自身讲，除了听的障碍外，主要是发音说话让人听不懂，无法与师生沟通，导致接受普通教育失败。聋儿说不好话的原因，其共性和主要原因是发音说话不会控制气息所致。所以要解决聋儿把话说好的问题，应当从聋儿言语呼吸训练入手，在言语呼吸训练中引导和训练聋儿把话说得清晰．准确．响亮，为日后接受有声语言教育和进行正常言语交流打下基础。     

论双语教学

1 令人费解的“热门话题”" 《现代特殊教育》2001年5、7月连载的《国际特教界的追寻——双语双文化研究荟萃》(以下简称《荟萃》),开首有这样一段话:" “第十九届国际聋人教育会议与第七届亚太地区耳聋问题会议于2000年7月9日至13日在澳大利亚的悉尼合并召开。这是国际聋教界最高级别的学术会议,出席者来自五十多个国家和地区,近千人。会议以各种方式交流的成果四百多项,涉及课题十分广泛。其中谈论双语双文化的论文近40篇,接近总数的1/10,足见这是一个热门话题。如此多的论文集中在‘双语’问题上是有其深刻的历史原因的。”" “国内对…     

耳聋治疗及康复中需要注意的几个问题

近年来耳聋的治疗方法以及听力语言康复手段都有了长足的发展,在这种形势下,我们从事听力学专业的医师和听力语言康复工作者应该不断更新知识,掌握最先进的治疗和康复手段,把这项有意义的事业做得更好。为此,我们将谈谈多年来对耳聋治疗及听力语言康复工作的体会。     

音乐治疗与听障儿童的康复

上世纪80年代音乐治疗引入我国,在智障、孤独症、脑瘫等特殊教育领域得到了不同程度的研究和实践,并显示出较强的应用价值,但音乐治疗在听障儿童康复领域的研究和应用还处于起步阶段.本文简要回顾了近期音乐治疗在我国特殊教育领域的相关研究,重点探讨了音乐治疗应用于听障儿童康复的可行性及其价值.     

Vestibular rehabilitation therapy in children.

OBJECTIVES: Vestibular disturbances are underdiagnosed in children. However, balance impairment may compromise the normal development of affected children. The appropriate therapeutic approach has not been agreed on for this age group. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy has excellent results in adults, but very few data exist regarding its results in children. We evaluated through clinical assessment and computerized dynamic posturography the outcome of children with peripheral vestibular disturbances undergoing vestibular rehabilitation therapy and observed the influence of learning and of central nervous system maturation on posturography retest results. METHODS: Sixteen children (10 boys and 6 girls) with peripheral vestibular disorders (mean age, 8 yr 7 mo) constituted the cohort and were consecutively treated with vestibular rehabilitation therapy. Symptomatic children underwent pre- and posttreatment computerized dynamic posturography. Their outcome was clinically assessed. Another 16 asymptomatic children, paired by sex and age, underwent two computerized dynamic posturography procedures with the same time interval as that of the symptomatic group. RESULTS: All children completed the treatment. Total recovery of symptoms occurred in nine (56.3%) patients, whereas a dramatic partial recovery was observed in the remaining seven (43.7%) children. Posturography Conditions 5 and 6, the vestibular ratio of the sensory analysis, and the composite equilibrium score had a significant quantitative improvement after vestibular rehabilitation therapy. No adverse reactions occurred to the exercises. No statistically significant posturography changes were observed in the asymptomatic children. CONCLUSION: Vestibular rehabilitation therapy seems to be a safe and efficacious therapeutic option in children with peripheral vestibular disturbances.     

Plan of therapy and rehabilitation in stuttering patients

The aim of the paper is to present the program of therapy and rehabilitation in stuttering patients based of the digital speech aid. The device has been applied to 130 patients aged 6-47 y.o. 85% of the patients had statistically significant instant improvement of speech fluency after application of digital speech aid. After completing diagnostic process, the patients were enrolled for the rehabilitation program which comprised of training with the use of speech aid, speech therapy, psychotherapy, audio-psycho-linguistic stimulation with the use of the Tomatis Method, physiotherapy, relaxation exercises, phoniatric rehabilitation and medical therapy. After 6 months of therapy and rehabilitation a statistically significant improvement of speech fluency was found in 124 patients, i.e. in 96%. The therapeutic programme based on the use of digital speech aid proves effective for majority of stuttering patients.     

Physical therapy program for vestibular rehabilitation

Dizziness and balance disorders are among the most frustrating problems for many physicians to treat. Traditional interventions such as medication or surgical procedures offer limited improvement for many patients. Although generic habituation exercises have existed for years, the merits of vestibular rehabilitation are only beginning to be recognized. Current retrospective studies indicate that 85 percent of patients with chronic vestibular dysfunction gain at least partial relief of their symptoms after undergoing vestibular rehabilitation, with approximately 30 percent of patients being completely cured. This modality provides a valuable and rational complement to current established methods of treating the patient with dizziness. Many physicians and physical therapists may be unfamiliar with these new techniques and require clarification of the actual therapeutic approaches in use. This article describes the current evaluation and treatment approach utilized in the vestibular rehabilitation program at the University of Michigan Medical Center.     

聋儿康复档案的价值与开发利用

聋儿康复档案是记录聋儿听力语言康复训练的基本资料，它在聋儿康复工作中有着重要的理论和实践意义。本文在阐述康复机构档案利用率低的基础上，提出了开发利用档案的重要意义及途径。