葡萄糖激酶基因逆转录病毒表达载体及包装细胞系的构建及鉴定

目的构建葡萄糖激酶(glucokinase,GK)基因逆转录病毒表达载体及稳定的产毒细胞系,为将GK基因应用于糖尿病的基因治疗打下基础.方法质粒pCMV4-GKZ1经EcoRⅠ/BamHⅠ双酶切后亚克隆至逆转录病毒载体PLXSN,构建成重组逆转录病毒表达载体PLX-GK,采用酶切及测序对重组体进行鉴定.而后脂质体转染PLX-GK至包装细胞PA317,检测培养上清病毒滴度,挑选滴度较高的稳定产毒细胞系并对其行PCR及免疫组化鉴定.结果构建了GK基因逆转录病毒表达载体PLX-GK,经酶切及序列分析证实目的基因插入位点和读码框架正确、无突变;建立了稳定产毒细胞系PA317/GK,其培养上清平均病毒滴度为6.8×105cfu/ml,最高为1.8×106cfu/ml,PCR及免疫组化证实GK基因整合入PA317/GK细胞基因组并有GK的表达.结论成功构建了携GK基因的逆转录病毒表达载体及高滴度的稳定产毒细胞系.     

携带EGFP与rtTA双基因的逆转录病毒载体的构建及其在PA317细胞中的表达

目的 构建表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)、rtTA双基因的重组逆转录病毒载体pLXSN-EGFP-rtTA,并在PA317细胞中表达.方法 以质粒pEGFP-C1为模板进行PCR反应获得EGFP基因片段,定向插入逆转录病毒载体pLXSN,筛选出正确的重组逆转录病毒载体pLXSN-EGFP.PCR方法从pTet-on质粒中扩增出rtTA基因,酶切纯化后克隆于逆转 录病毒载体pLXSN-EGFP中,限制性内切酶酶切分析及PCR鉴定筛选出正确的重组载体pLXSN-EGFP-rtTA,脂质体介导转染PA317细胞,PCR方法检测PA317细胞内EGFP、rtTA基因,RT-PCR方法检测PA317细胞内rtTA基因的mRNA表达,荧光显微镜观察EGFP基因的表达情况.以NIH3T3细胞为靶细胞测定重组逆转录病毒滴度.结果 成功构建了表达EGFP、rtTA双基因的重组逆转录病毒载体,转染PA317细胞后,RT-PCR方法可检测到rtTA基因的mRNA表达,荧光显微镜下可观察到EGFP基因表达所产生的绿色荧光,说明连接有EGFP和rtTA双基因的逆转录病毒载体在PA317细胞中可正常表达,转染pLXSN-EGFP-rtTA载体的PA317细胞可产生4.8x 104 CFU/ml病毒滴度的重组病毒.结论 成功构建表达EGFP、rtTA双基因的重组逆转录病毒载体,该载体可在PA317细胞内正常表达,获得较高滴度的病毒上清.     

HBX基因重组腺病毒载体的构建

目的:构建携HBX基因的腺病毒载体,为进一步研究HBX基因的功能,为阐明HBV感染导致肝癌的机制研究建立基础.方法:采用PCR技术从HBV全基因组DNA中扩增HBX基因;将HBX基因亚克隆至质粒pHAHA,构建质粒pHAHA-HBX,酶切pHAHA-HBX质粒,将HAHA-HBX片段克隆到腺病毒载体pAd-Track-CMV中,得到pAdTrack-CMV-HBX,同时与pAdEasy-1共转染293细胞,确定转染效率.检测培养上清病毒中HBX的存在.结果:将PCR扩增HBX片段成功克隆到腺病毒载体中,并经序列分析证实;建立了产病毒细胞株,证实重组病毒中含有HBX基因.结论:成功构建了携HBx基因的腺病毒载体.     

c-myb反义RNA重组载体构建及其包装细胞株的建立

【目的】构建反义c-myb重组逆转录病毒载体并建立其包装细胞株。【方法】采用RT-PCR方法,获取目的基因,通过TA克隆方法克隆入pUC19,再反向亚克隆入逆转录病毒载体pDOR中。采用DOTAP法将重组逆转录病毒载体转入包装细胞,以NIH3T3细胞为靶细胞测定产病毒滴度。【结果】序列测定结果与GenBank中序列一致。c-myb基因片段已定向克隆入pDOR。细胞转染表明,已形成稳定的包装细胞株PA317/pDOR-myb,产病毒滴度达5.2×104～9.5×104CFU/mL。【结论】成功构建了含有反义c-myb的重组逆转录病毒质粒,并建立其包装细胞株。     

葡萄糖转运蛋白-2逆转录病毒表达载体构建/包装及其鉴定

目的 构建葡萄糖转运蛋白-2(glucose transporter-2,GLUT-2)基因逆转录病毒表达载体及其稳定产毒细胞系,为新型"人工胰岛β细胞"的构建奠定基础.方法 质粒pCB7/GLUT2经EcoRⅠ、BamHⅠ双酶切,克隆至逆转录病毒载体PLXSN,构建成重组逆转录病毒表达载体pL-GLUT2-SN,经酶切及测序鉴定;转pL-GLUT2-SN至包装细胞系PA317,G418抗性筛选,检测上清病毒滴度,挑选滴度较高的稳定产毒细胞克隆行PCR及RT-PCR鉴定.结果 建立GLUT-2基因逆转录病毒表达载体pL-GLUT2-SN,经酶切及测序证实目的基因插入位点及读码框架正确;所建稳定产毒细胞克隆PA317/GLUT2,其最高病毒滴度达7.1×105 CFU/ml,PCR及RT-PCR证实GLUT-2基因整合入其中并稳定表达.结论 成功构建GLUT-2基因逆转录病毒表达载体及其稳定产毒细胞系,为"人工胰岛β细胞"的构建奠定了基础.     

HSV-tk和H60基因重组逆转录病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的：构建携带自杀基因HSV-tk和免疫相关基因H60的逆转录病毒载体pIRKS-H60、pIRES-TK和pTK-IRES-H60。方法;以质粒pUC19-H60为模板,用PCR方法扩增H60基因,并亚克隆至pMD18-T载体,构建中介载体pMD18-H60。双酶切质粒pMD18-H60和tgCMV／HyTK,获得H60和TK基因片段,再克隆至逆转录载体pIRES,构建重组载体pIRES-H60和pIRES-TK。然后把HS0基因片段克隆至载体pIRES-TK,构建重组载体pTK-IRES-H60。转染重组载体至包装细胞PA317进行病毒包装,用病毒液感染NIH3T3细胞,检测病毒液的滴度。结果：测序结果显示PCR扩增的H60基因序列正确,重组载体经PCR和酶切鉴定得到相应的基因片段。经筛选得到稳定的产病毒细胞株PA317／pIRES-H60、PA317／pIRES-TK和PA317／pTK-IRES-H60,病毒滴度分别为8×10^4、1×10^5、7．1×10^4cfu／mL。结论：成功构建逆转录病毒载体pIRES-H60、pIRES-TK和pTK-IRES-H60,建立了稳定的病毒细胞株,所产生的假病毒颗粒具备一定的感染力。     

HBx基因重组逆转录病毒载体的构建及表达

目的:构建携带HBx基因的重组逆转录病毒载体,为进一步研究HBx基因在HBV相关性HCC(原发性肝癌)发病机制中的作用以及建立肝癌动物模型奠定基础.方法:根据基因库中已公布的HBx序列设计引物,采用PCR技术从HBx腺病毒质粒中扩增出HBx基因.将HBx基因克隆到逆转录病毒载体pSEB-HUS质粒中.酶切、PCR及测序鉴定后经脂质体介导转染L02细胞,Western Blotting检测HBx蛋白的表达.结果:PCR、酶切及测序鉴定证实目的基因正确克隆至逆转录病毒质粒pSEB-HUS中,目的基因序列与GENE BANK报道一致,转染L02细胞后荧光显微镜可观察到GFP的表达.Western Blotting检测可见HBx蛋白的表达.结论:成功构建HBx重组逆转录病毒载体.     

含HSVtk基因重组逆转录病毒包装细胞PA317/TK的建立

目的 :研究肿瘤的自杀基因疗法 ,建立含单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶 (HSVtk)基因重组逆转录病毒包装细胞PA317/TK。　方法 :应用脂质体转移方法将逆转录病毒载体GINaTK导入PA317,经G4 18筛选阳性克隆细胞后分别用PCR和扫描电镜检测HSVtk基因整合和病毒颗粒分泌情况。　结果 :逆转录病毒载体GINaTK导入PA317,G4 18后筛选得到阳性克隆细胞 ,命名为PA317/TK。PCR检测PA317/TK细胞出现一特异性 4 0 4bp阳性条带 ,而PA317细胞没有扩增出相应条带。PA317/TK细胞经扫描电镜检测见其表面有颗粒状突起 ,其周围有许多呈团状的病毒颗粒。证实含HSVtk基因重组逆转录病毒存在于包装细胞中。　结论 :成功建立含HSVtk基因重组逆转录病毒包装细胞     

iNOS基因重组逆转录病毒的包装及高滴度病毒液的制备

目的利用逆转录病毒载体PLXSN介导iNOS基因转染,为逆转录病毒介导的iNOS转基因防治血管移植术后再狭窄的研究奠定实验基础。方法采用QIAGEN plasmid Maxi Kit纯化PLXSN-iNOS;通过脂质体介导的DNA转染法将PLXSN-iNOS导入包装细胞PA317中;经G418筛选获得抗性克隆,命名为PA317/iNOS;提取抗性克隆细胞基因组DNA,用PCR进行鉴定;用NIH3T3细胞测定病毒上清滴度。结果PA317/iNOS细胞能稳定合成和分泌重组逆转录病毒颗粒,并在约142 bp处扩增出特异的片段;PLXSN-iNOS病毒上清的最高滴度为1.6×106CFU/mL。结论逆转录病毒载体PLXSN能有效介导iNOS基因的转染。     

TH基因逆转录病毒表达载体的构建及产病毒细胞系的建立

目的　构建含有鼠酪氨酸羟化酶 (TH)基因的重组逆转录病毒表达载体 p N2 ATH,建立 PA317产病毒细胞系。方法　将质粒 p GEM- 2上酶切下的 THc DNA片段与线性化的逆转录病毒表达载体 N2 A连接 ,克隆出重组逆转录病毒表达载体 p N2 ATH。把 p N2 ATH质粒转入 PA317包装细胞 ,通过 G4 18抗性筛选 ,NIH3T3细胞测定病毒滴度 ,得到高滴度产毒 PA317/p N2 ATH细胞株 ,免疫组化测定细胞 TH表达。结果　重组质粒 p N2 ATH经酶切鉴定证明 THc DNA正向插入 N2 A表达载体中 ,PA317/p N2 ATH产毒细胞高效表达 TH。结论　成功地构建了重组逆转录病毒表达载体p N2 ATH,建立了 PA317/p N2 A产毒细胞株     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.