High incidence of reflux esophagitis observed by routine endoscopic examination after gastric pull-up esophagectomy

Abstract A gastric tube has been widely used for reconstruction of the esophagus after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Reflux esophagitis after esophagectomy is frequently observed. Therefore we retrospectively investigated the risk factors for reflux esophagitis after gastric pull-up esophagectomy in 74 outpatients with thoracic esophageal cancer. Reflux esophagitis was diagnosed endoscopically. Esophagitis was classified according to the Los Angeles classification. Reflux symptoms, medications, and the surgical procedure were reviewed. The relation between reflux symptoms and reflux esophagitis and the influence of the anastomotic site were evaluated. Reflux esophagitis was observed in 53 patients. Severe esophagitis (grade C or D) was found in 75.6% of these patients. Although all patients with esophagitis took antacid agents, histamine receptor-2 blocker was effective in only 35% of them. The correlation between reflux symptoms and reflux esophagitis was not significant. Reflux esophagitis was present in 56.4% of patients with neck anastomosis and in 88.6% of patients with intrathoracic anastomosis (p = 0.0039). We concluded that routine endoscopic examination is necessary after gastric pull-up esophagectomy because reflux esophagitis is not diagnosed based on reflux symptoms. When a gastric tube is used for reconstruction after esophagectomy, neck anastomosis is recommended to lower the risk of reflux esophagitis. Electronic Publication     

Anastomotic stenoses occurring after circular stapling in esophageal cancer surgery

Background: Circular staplers have reduced the incidence of anastomotic leaks in esophagovisceral anastomosis. However, the prevalence of stenosis is greater with staplers than with manual suturing. The aim of this study was to analyze potential risk factors for the onset of anastomotic stenoses and to evaluate their treatment and final outcome. Methods: Between 1990 and 1995, 187 patients underwent esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy with anastomosis performed inside the chest using a circular stapler. Results: Twenty-three patients (12.3%) developed an anastomotic stenosis. The incidence of strictures was inversely related to the diameter of the stapler. Concomitant cardiovascular diseases; morphofunctional disorders of the tubulized stomach, such as those related to duodenogastric reflux; and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were also recognized as significant risk factors. Endoscopic dilatations proved safe and were effective in the treatment of most anastomotic stenoses. Conclusions: To reduce the risk of anastomotic stenosis after stapled intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy, adequate vascularization of the viscera being anastomized should be maintained, and it is mandatory to use the largest circular stapler suitable. Furthermore, it is essential to reduce the negative inflammation-inducing effects of duodenogastroesophageal reflux to a minimum. Endoscopic dilatations are safe and effective in curing the great majority of anastomotic stenoses. Received: 13 May 1999/Accepted: 10 October 1999/Online publication: 10 April 2000     

Wie sicher ist die hoch intrathorakale Ösophagogastrostomie?

The surgical results of transthoracic en bloc esophagectomy and high intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy performed on 109 consecutive patients are presented. Adenocarcinoma was present in 59 patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 45 patients, and other neoplastic lesions of the esophagus in 5 patients: 29.5% of the patients received neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy or chemotherapy alone. In 35% of the patients, the preoperative risk was classified as normal, whereas in 42% and 23% of the patients the preoperative status was compromised or severely impaired, respectively. On average 33 lymph nodes were dissected from each specimen. The postoperative course was uneventful in 60% of the patients and prolonged or severe in 40% of the patients. The hospital mortality was 5.5% (six patients). Nine patients (8.2%) developed anastomotic leakage.Six of these nine patients were discharged after rethoracotomy and reanastomosis ( n=3) or endoscopic treatment with fibrin glue ( n=3).Three patients died despite rethoracotomy and reanastomosis. Only 2 of 103 discharged patients (1.9%) underwent postoperative endoscopic bougienage two or three times because of an anastomotic stenosis. High intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy is a safe anastomosis, which nevertheless requires diligent postoperative management.     

A free peritoneal patch does not affect the leakage rate but increases stricture formation of a cervical esophagogastrostomy

BACKGROUND: Healing of a cervical esophagogastrostomy is frequently impaired, resulting in a higher incidence of leakage and stricture formation, as compared to an intrathoracic anastomosis. Lack of mesothelial factors is hypothesized to contribute to this impaired anastomotic healing. The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether a free peritoneal patch around a cervical esophagogastrostomy can improve anastomotic healing. METHODS: In 23 consecutive patients a free peritoneal patch was fixed around a cervical esophagogastrostomy. Results were compared to those of a historical control group of 41 patients. Clinical and/or radiographic leakage and stenosis requiring endoscopic dilatation were used as endpoints. RESULTS: Three patients died in the early postoperative period (in-hospital mortality 3/64 = 5%). Leakage rate was 13% (3/23) in the group with a patch and 15% (6/41) in the control group (p = 0.90). At 6-month follow-up, the incidence of stenosis was significantly higher (65%) in the group with a patch, compared to 31% in the control group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: A peritoneal patch does not affect the leakage rate but increases the incidence of postoperative stenosis of a cervical esophagogastrostomy. Therefore, its clinical application is contraindicated. Copyright Copyright 1999 S.Karger AG, Basel     

Effect of pyloric drainage procedures on gastric passage and bile reflux after esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Controversy still exists about the need for pyloric drainage procedures (pyloroplasty or pyloromyotomy) after esophagectomy with esophagogastrostomy and vagotomy. Although pyloric drainage may prevent postoperative delayed gastric emptying, it may also promote bile reflux into the oesophagus. We analysed pyloric drainage methods for their potential effect on gastric outlet obstruction and bile reflux in patients undergoing esophagectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and ninety-eight patients with esophageal carcinoma were treated by transthoracal esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction either with pyloromyotomy (group II, n = 118), pyloroplasty (group III, n = 34) or without pyloric drainage (group I, n = 46) between January 2000 and December 2004. The postoperative gastrointestinal passage by radiological investigation, anastomotic leakage rate, mortality and incidence of gastroesophageal reflux by endoscopy within the first postoperative year were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: Patient demographics and the types of surgical procedures did not differ between the three groups. There was no difference in hospital mortality, anastomotic leakage rate, gastrointestinal passage and postoperative hospital stay between the three groups. However, more patients with pyloric drainage showed bile reflux (I = 0% vs II+III=14.9%, p = 0.069) and reflux esophagitis (I = 10.3% vs II+III = 34.5%, p < 0.05) compared to patients without pyloric drainage. On the multivariate analysis, pyloric drainage and the anastomotic height were independent and were significant risk factors associated with postoperative reflux esophagitis. CONCLUSION: Pyloric drainage after esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction should be omitted because it does not improve gastric emptying and may favour biliary reflux esophagitis.     

食管胃、空肠唇状吻合术的临床应用

目的探讨食管胃空肠吻合术对预防食管癌、贲门癌术后并发症的影响。方法54例食管癌、贲门癌患者采用食管胃、空肠唇状单层Gambee法吻合,食管胃吻合43例,食管空肠吻合11例。结果全组术后恢复顺利,无吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄及明显反流性食管炎发生。术后3～12月钡餐检查示吻合口口径平均1.6(1.2～2.0)cm。54例平均随访5.8(1.5～8.0)年,术后3年、5年生存率分别为47.6%(20/42)和14.3%(14/28)。结论单层唇状吻合重建消化道有单层吻合和套入式吻合的双重优点,可防止吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄和反流性食管炎的发生。     

胃食管吻合术后残余食管胸胃运动功能研究

目的探讨食管、贲门癌切除后不同部位的食管胃吻合对残余食管和胸腔胃运动功能的影响。方法按手术中食管胃吻合部位不同,将39例食管、贲门癌患者分为两组,弓上吻合组:21例,为食管中段癌患者行食管胃主动脉弓上吻合;弓下吻合组:18例,为食管下段癌及贲门癌患者,行食管胃主动脉弓下吻合。对照组:为6例无胃食管反流症状的健康人。3组均行食管测压、上消化道X线钡餐造影检查,观察残余食管和胸腔胃运动功能。结果两吻合组部分患者均存在吻合口高压区,残余食管静息压均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),并与胸腔胃内静息压无明显差别(P>0.05);两吻合组残余食管和胸腔胃内静息压比较差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。弓上吻合组残余食管蠕动性收缩幅度及原发蠕动次数均明显低于或少于对照组,残余食管原发蠕动次数明显少于弓下吻合组(P<0.05)。术后3个月上消化道X线钡餐造影显示,两吻合组患者胸腔胃底、胃体部均无蠕动性收缩,蠕动收缩自胃窦部向幽门运动,速度缓慢,胃内钡剂排空缓慢;术后1年两吻合组胃窦部蠕动收缩均有明显恢复。结论食管、贲门癌患者术后食管胃吻合口无抗反流作用,食管胃吻合位置越高残余食管蠕动功能越差,但不影响残余食管和胸腔胃内静息压。食管、贲门癌术后胸腔胃运动功能减弱,随着时间的延长逐渐恢复,但很难达到正常水平。     

Revascularization using the short gastric vessels of the gastric tube after subtotal esophagectomy for intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Maintaining sufficient blood flow to the substitutive organ after esophagectomy is essential to decrease the risk of anastomotic leakage. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-one patients underwent subtotal esophagectomy for intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma and reconstruction using the gastric tube. Additional vascular anastomosis between the short gastric vessels and the vessels in the neck was performed in 15 patients. Tissue blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry before and after vascular anastomosis. The incidence of anastomotic leakage in the revascularization group was compared with that in the remaining 26 patients. RESULTS: Venous anastomosis was performed in 14 patients and arterial anastomosis in 9. There was a significant increase in tissue blood flow after venous anastomosis alone (mean percent increase: 36%; p < 0.01), and after arterial and venous anastomoses (mean percent increase: 108%; p < 0.01). No anastomotic leakage was observed in the revascularization group; six patients (23.1%) in the control group had leakage (p < 0.05). Patients in the revascularization group started taking a meal 10.0 +/- 0.4 days postoperatively, compared with 15.1 +/- 1.8 days in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Additional vascular anastomosis in esophageal reconstruction after subtotal esophagectomy achieved good results. This procedure can reduce the risk of anastomotic leakage and may be useful for esophageal reconstruction.     

Complete mechanical cervical anastomosis using a narrow gastric tube after esophagectomy for cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Fibrous stenosis of the esophagogastric cervical anastomosis remains a significant complication occurring in up to one-third of cases. Trying to reduce the incidence of this complication, we describe our technique of cervical esophagogastric anastomosis using endoscopic linear stapler which seems to reduce the incidence of fibrous stricture formation after resection of esophageal cancer. METHODS: Between March 2000 and June 2003, 26 patients (15 males and 11 females) underwent esophagectomy using tubulized stomach for reconstruction. Cervical esophagogastric anastomosis using linear endoscopic stapler was performed in all cases. The occurrence of post-operative anastomotic leak and development of anastomotic stricture were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: All patients survived esophagectomy and were available for post-operative follow-up. Anastomotic leak developed in one case. No patient developed fibrous stenosis that required dilatation therapy. CONCLUSION: Complete mechanical esophagogastric anastomosis, using endoscopic linear stapler is effective and safe, even when a narrow gastric tube is used as esophageal substitute. This technique seems superior to other techniques to reduce the incidence of post-operative anastomotic complications.     

Utility of total mechanical stapled cervical esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy: a comparison to conventional anastomotic techniques

BACKGROUND: Cervical esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy is often troubled with anastomotic leak resulting in local sepsis, postoperative stricture, and prolonged hospitalization. We compared the anastomotic outcomes and clinical course of esophagectomy patients undergoing total mechanical stapled esophagogastric anastomosis versus a partial handsewn/mechanical stapled cervical anastomotic technique. METHODS: One hundred eighty-one patients underwent transhiatal (N=146) or 3-field (abdomen/chest/neck incisions) (N=35) esophagectomy. A total mechanical stapled anastomosis was accomplished in 125 patients. A handsewn/mechanical stapled anastomosis was performed in 56 patients. The total mechanical stapled anastomosis was accomplished by using the endoscopic gastrointestinal stapler to construct the posterolateral aspect and a linear stapler to close the anterior aspect of the anastomosis. Total mechanical stapled anastomosis patients had the endoscopic gastrointestinal stapler also used to divide the left gastric vessels and the short gastric mesentery for gastric mobilization. Anastomotic outcomes were analyzed by the leak rate (contrast study) and the need of serial dilations in each group. CONCLUSIONS: Total mechanical stapled technique after esophagectomy with cervical esophagogastric anastomosis appears to be effective in reducing hospitalization and anastomotic complications compared to partial or complete handsewn techniques. Liberal use of endoscopic staplers might shorten operative time. Esophageal surgeons should be aware of the advantages and become skilled with these techniques.     

Esofagogastrostomía triangular mecánica: aspectos técnicos y resultados iniciales

IntroductionEsophageal cancer represents the eighth neoplasm worldwide. The therapeutic approach is interdisciplinary, with surgery being the most effective option. Several techniques have been proposed to perform esophagogastrostomy after esophagectomy, among them mechanical triangular esophagogastrostomy, with a little experience published in the Western literature on the latter. The objective of this study is to describe the technical aspects and initial results of triangular esophagogastrostomy anastomosis.MethodsA retrospective review of the patients who underwent esophagectomy according to the McKeown technique was performed, those in which triangular esophagogastrostomy anastomosis was implemented, between October 2017 and March 2020 in our hospital.ResultsA total of 14 patients were included, with a mean age of 63 years. The mean operative time was 436 minutes (360-581), being diagnosed of anastomotic leak 3 of the 14 patients (21.4%), as well as 3 patients presented anastomotic stenosis. The median stay was 20 days, without any death in the series.ConclusionsMultiple publications suggest the superiority in terms of anastomotic leak and anastomotic stenosis of the mechanical triangular anastomosis, which was also observed in our series, in which despite the small sample, a rapid improvement was observed in the indicators after the first cases. Therefore, this type of anastomosis may be a safe option for performing esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy, being necessary more definitive conclusive studies.     

Does continuous mucosal partial carbon dioxide pressure measurement predict leakage of intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy?

BACKGROUND: Gastroplasty after esophagectomy is associated with relevant morbidity due to anastomotic leakage of the esophagogastrostomy. The aim of this study was to find out whether continuous partial carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2) measurement of the gastric mucosa is an adequate method of monitoring the gastric tube during the postoperative course and of detecting patients with an anastomotic leakage. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with esophageal cancer underwent esophagectomy and gastric tube formation with intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy. Postoperatively, mucosal pCO2 of the gastric tube (pCO2i) was measured using continuous tonometry (TONOCAP, Datex Ohmeda). pCO2i was related to the arterial pCO2 (delta pCO2 = pCO2i - pCO2a). RESULTS: A total of 4,338 delta pCO2 measurements were recorded. On average, the pCO2i of each patient was monitored over a period of 92 hours. In 5 patients an anastomotic leakage of the esophagogastrostomy developed. The mean delta pCO2 of this group was 31.7 mm Hg (+/-19.3 SD) and significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than that of patients without anastomotic leakage (20.7 mm Hg +/- 12.8 SD). With a delta pCO2 cut-off point of 56 mm Hg measured for 5 hours, the sensitivity was 0.8, the specificity 0.9, and the positive predictive value 0.5. In patients with anastomotic leakage, the peak delta pCO2 preceded clinical symptoms. False positive delta pCO2 measurements (n = 4) were mainly due to severe pneumonia with long-term ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Mucosal pCO2 measurement of the gastric tube can be used as an early indicator of a complicated postoperative course predicting anastomotic leakage of the esophagogastrostomy.     

Modified triangulating stapling technique for esophagogastrostomy after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer

Background

Anastomosis performed during esophagectomy for esophageal cancer is usually involves hand-sewn or circular stapled methods. However, these techniques have been reported to be associated with a high frequency of anastomotic complications, including leakage and benign stenosis. Here a novel triangulating stapling technique for esophagogastrostomy after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer and its retrospective investigation are described.

Methods

Forty-eight patients were underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer from January 2006 to December 2009 by the same surgeon using the triangulating stapling technique. The short-term outcomes were evaluated retrospectively. This end-to-end anastomosis used three linear staplers in an everted fashion.

Results

Patients comprised 36 men and 12 women with a mean age of 59.4 years. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 4 patients (8.3 %), while anastomotic stenosis was observed in 6 (12.5 %). The average number of endoscopic pneumatic dilatations in patients with anastomotic stenosis was 2.4. The median (range) duration of hospital stay was 40.8 (19–154) days.

Conclusions

Our modified triangulating stapling technique for esophagogastrostomy may be a feasible alternative, resulting in a lower frequency of postoperative anastomotic complications.     

食管胃吻合口的组织学病理学功能学及临床研究

通过实验研究及８７１例病人的临床观察和部分病例连续２４小时食管ｐＨ监测，对部分食管切除食管胃端侧吻合术的术后胸内吻合口瘘发生率、吻合口的愈合过程、胶原含量的改变、抗反流的效果和发生吻合口瘘后保守治疗的结果等５个方面，与“隧道式”吻合术进行对比。结果表明“隧道式”吻合术的吻合口瘘发生率低，愈合过程快，吻合口胶原含量和胶原回升量高，有较好的抗反流效果；一旦发生胸内吻合口瘘后保守治疗效果好。因此我们认为“隧道式”吻合优于端侧式食管胃吻合术。     

全腹腔镜近端胃切除术中行裂隙法食管胃吻合可行性及疗效分析

目的 分析裂隙法食管胃吻合用于全腹腔镜近端胃切除术的可行性及疗效。方法 回顾性分析2021年11月至2022年3月复旦大学附属华山医院连续收治的4例行全腹腔镜近端胃切除术病例的临床资料,术中消化道重建均采用裂隙法食管胃吻合,即在完成近端胃切除后,于残胃前壁纵向做一浆肌层裂隙,长约3 cm,保留黏膜完整,将食管断端与裂隙远端胃壁行端侧吻合,吻合口近端的残胃作270°折叠包绕食管下端。观察病人术中情况、围手术期并发症以及术后恢复情况,术后随访10个月。结果 所有病例均于腔内完成吻合,无中转开放手术。手术时间为（225.5±48.8）min,吻合时间为（45.0±21.2）min,术中失血（30.0±16.3）mL。术后无ClavienDindo分级Ⅱ级及以上并发症发生。住院时间为（7.0±1.4）d。内镜随访未见明显吻合口狭窄或反流。结论 裂隙法食管胃吻合是一种安全可行的胃底折叠、瓣膜成形食管胃吻合方式,降低了手术难度,可在全腹腔镜下完成,可能有助于降低吻合口狭窄发生率。     

食管胃颈部器械吻合在食管癌切除术中的应用

目的 探讨食管癌切除后使用消化道圆型吻合器行食管胃颈部吻合的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析2009年8月至2011年4月间河南省人民医院采用一次性圆形吻合器行食管癌切除后食管胃颈部吻合病例的临床资料。结果202例患者中除1例因吻合时部分食管撕裂而需手工缝合修补外,其余均一次吻合成功。无手术死亡病例。术后出现颈部吻合口瘘6例（3．0％）,经保守处理后均在短期内愈合;无胸内吻合口瘘或其他吻合器械相关并发症发生;有2例患者在进食后出现较明显的胃食管反流。经10．2个月的中位随访,全组患者均未发现吻合口狭窄。结论食管癌切除后使用吻合器行食管胃颈部吻合安全、可行。     

Endoscopic treatment of mediastinal anastomotic leaks

BACKGROUND: Surgery, as well as conservative treatment, in patients with clinically apparent intrathoracic anastomotic leaks are often associated with poor results and carry a high morbidity and mortality. This report describes our results with the endoscopic treatment of intrathoracic anastomotic leakages. PATIENTS: 27 consecutive patients presenting with clinically apparent intrathoracic anastomotic leak, caused by resection of an epiphrenic diverticulum (n=1), esophagectomy for esophageal cancer (n=19), limited resection for carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (n=1) or gastrectomy for gastric cancer (n=6) were endoscopically treated. The extent of the dehiscences ranged from about 10-70%. After endoscopic lavage and debridement of the leakage (mean duration: 16,8 days) the leaks were closed with fibrin clue (n=9) or endoclips (n=2) in cases of smaller leaks or by stent placement (n=11), stent placement after unsuccessful fibrin clue injections (n=3) or stent placement and endoclipping (n=1) in patients with a large leakage. Simultaneously the periesophageal mediastinum was drained by chest drains. RESULTS: 25 of 27 patients were successfully treated endoscopically. Under endoscopic treatment one patient died due to septic multiorgan failure. Another patient developed a refractory, persistent leak. Procedure related complications (stent migration, anastomotic stenosis) were obtained in 6 patients. CONCLUSION: An endoscopic approach is successful and safe to treat symptomatic intrathoracic anastomotic leaks smaller than 70% of the circumference. An endoscopic lavage and debridement of the leak, prior to leak closure, seems to be helpful to reduce mediastinal and pleural inflammation. In patients with smaller leaks (<30%) fibrin clue injections and endoclipping is recommended. Patients with a dehiscence from 30-70% of the circumference profit from stent placement.     

食管胃侧侧吻合预防吻合口狭窄的临床随机对照研究

目的 评价使用食管胃侧侧吻合术预防术后吻合口狭窄的效果.方法 2007年11月至2008年9月连续收治行食管癌、贲门癌切除术的患者160例,2例拒绝随机分组,3例不符合人选标准,其余155患者完全随机分组为食管胃侧侧吻合组、吻合器吻合组与手工吻合组,通过术后3个月食管造影测量吻合口直径确定吻合口狭窄的发生率(吻合口直径≤O.8 cm为吻合口狭窄).结果 术后死亡1例,行剖胸探查1例.术后并发吻合口漏4例(其中手工吻合3例,吻合器吻合1例).随访率为96.1%(失访6例,侧侧吻合组1例,手工吻合组3例,吻合器组2例).共144例患者进行了意向治疗分析(侧侧吻合组45例,手工吻合组52例,吻合器组47例).三组患者术前情况类似,侧侧吻合组术后吻合13狭窄率(0)低于手工吻合组(9.6%)及吻合器组(19.1%,Fisher 精确概率法,P=0.005),而三组之间的术后胃食管反流程度学差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.681,P=0.432).结论 食管胃侧侧吻合术能够有效地预防吻合口狭窄,同时并不加重胃食管反流.     

改良反穿刺吻合技术在全腔镜Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术中消化道重建的应用体会

目的探讨反穿刺吻合技术行全腔镜Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术的可行性及近期疗效。 方法收集南京医科大学附属逸夫医院2014年2月至2018年6月期间应用改良反穿刺吻合技术行全腔镜Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术的48例中下段食管癌患者资料。手术分为三大步骤：首先用腹腔镜游离胃和腹段的食管并清扫腹腔淋巴结;其次取侧卧位,游离胸段食管,切除病变食管并清扫胸腔淋巴结;最后应用反穿刺吻合技术行胸内胃食管吻合术。 结果48例均在腔镜下完成吻合,手术过程顺利,未行胸腹部辅助切口,无中转开胸手术。手术时间(253.4±57.2)min,其中胸腔镜操作时间(175.6±64.5)min;术中出血量(107.3±87.4)ml,清扫淋巴结数目(15.2±2.5)枚。术后1例重度肥胖、糖尿病、高血压患者出现重症肺部感染及吻合口瘘,经保守治疗后治愈,吻合口瘘发生率2.1%(1/48);术后3例出现吻合口狭窄,其中1例严重,行吻合口机械扩张缓解,吻合口狭窄率6.3%(3/48)。48例中47例的术后进流食时间(7.2±1.3)d,术后住院时间10～16 d、平均11 d。 结论利用改良反穿刺吻合技术行全腔镜Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术治疗中下段食管癌是安全、可行的,是经济、有效的。     

高龄食管癌患者术后胸膜腔胃与胸骨后胃对肺功能影响的临床观察

目的探讨高龄食管癌患者术后胸膜腔胃与胸骨后胃对肺功能的影响。方法选取沈阳医学院附属奉天医院2009年2月至2011年5月收治的62岁以上中上段食管癌患者40例,根据手术方式不同分成胸膜腔胃组和胸骨后胃组。胸膜腔胃组20例,男16例、女4例,年龄62~79（64.70±11.47）岁,胃从胸膜腔路径行颈部吻合;胸骨后胃组20例,男17例、女3例,年龄63~77（65.90±12.72）岁,胃从胸骨后路径行颈部吻合。两组患者术前、术后15 d及术后30 d进行肺功能测定,比较呼吸功能变化情况。结果两组患者术前肺功能水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。胸膜腔胃组术后15 d及30 d肺功能较术前显著下降（P〈0.05）,胸骨后胃组术后15 d及30 d肺功能水平与术前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。胸骨后胃组术后15 d及30 d肺功能水平显著高于胸膜腔胃组（P〈0.05）。术后并发症包括胸膜腔组吻合口瘘1例,吻合口狭窄1例,肺内感染5例,肺不张1例,胸骨后胃组出现吻合口瘘1例,吻合口狭窄1例,幽门梗阻1例,肺部感染3例。随访1年两组患者呼吸方面症状与术后30 d比较无明显变化（P〉0.05）。结论胸膜腔胃对肺功能有明显影响,而胸骨后胃对肺功能影响较小,适合高龄及肺功能差的患者,可以减少术后并发症的发生,提高患者的生活质量。