老年非糖尿病肺部感染患者空腹血糖变化对多器官功能不全综合征的诊断价值

目的探讨老年非糖尿病肺部感染患者血糖变化对老年多器官功能不全综合征(MODSE)的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2014年12月解放军白求恩国际和平医院≥65岁的非糖尿病肺部感染患者429例,根据肺部感染是否诱发MODSE分为MODSE组(n=95)和非MODSE组(n=334),比较两组患者肺部感染后最高空腹血糖值的差异。利用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计分析。计量资料用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组比较采用t检验。计数资料用百分率表示,组间比较用X~2检验。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线确定诊断肺部感染致MODSE的最佳空腹血糖值。结果 MODSE组患者最高空腹血糖值[(8.656±2.664)mmol/L]显著高于非MODSE组患者[(5.679±1.332)mmol/L],差异具有统计学意义(t=10.523,0.05)。血糖值为6.875 mmol/L时诊断肺部感染致MODSE的灵敏度为83.2%,特异度为90.1%,ROC曲线下面积为0.880,95%可信区间为0.835~0.926(P0.001),诊断价值较高。结论老年非糖尿病肺部感染患者的空腹血糖变化对肺部感染致MODSE具有诊断价值,空腹血糖≥6.875 mmol/L可作为一项指标纳入肺部感染致MODSE的诊断。     

早期评估干预对老年人肺部感染并发多器官功能不全综合征的影响

目的探讨早期评估干预对老年人肺部感染并发老年多器官功能不全综合征(MODSE)的影响。方法 84例老年肺部感染患者按入院时间先后顺序随机分为"干预组"和"非干预组",每组42例。两组患者入院后采用"MODSE早期预测评分系统"早期评估MODSE的发病风险,筛查MODSE高危病例。非干预组按常规治疗,干预组在常规治疗的基础上针对MODSE高危病例进行早期干预,评价干预效果。结果两组老年肺部感染患者的MODSE高危病例检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.191,P=0.275);干预组老年肺部感染患者的MODSE发病率低于非干预组(χ2=4.613,P=0.032);干预组MODSE衰竭期病例发生率低于非干预组(P=0.028);干预组内高危病例与非高危病例的MODSE发病率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.484,P=0.487);非干预组内高危病例的MODSE发病率高于非高危病例(χ2=4.356,P=0.037)。结论应用"MODSE早期预测评分系统"可以早期评估老年肺部感染患者的MODSE发病风险;针对MODSE高危病例进行早期干预,能够减少老年肺部感染患者的MODSE发生、减轻MODSE病例器官功能受损的严重程度。     

老年人肺部感染并发多器官功能不全综合征的早期预测评分系统研究

目的 建立筛查肺部感染并发老年人多器官功能不全综合征(MODSE)高危人群及其发病的早期预测评分系统.方法 回顾性调查2001年1月至2006年12月因肺部感染在我院住院或住院期间出现肺部感染的驻石家庄地区60岁及以上的军队师以上离退休干部393例的病历资料,根据肺部感染是否诱发MODSE,将所有病例分为MODSE组和非MODSE组,分析年龄、慢性疾病和健康体检有关血检测项目对MODSE发病的影响,从中筛选早期预测MODSE发病的指标,标以一定的分值,建立MODSE早期预测评分系统.结果 年龄、21种慢性疾病和15项血检测项目中经统计学分析结合临床专业知识评价,最终确立了年龄、7种慢性疾病(慢性阻塞性肺疾病、慢性呼吸衰竭、肺间质纤维化、慢性心功能不全、脑血管疾病、糖尿病和慢性肾功能不全)和4项血检测项目(血红蛋白、血白蛋白、血尿素和空腹血糖)作为MODSE早期预测评分系统的评分指标.结论 所建立的MODSE早期预测评分系统评分指标易得、操作简单、易于推广,为筛查肺部感染并发MODSE高危人群及早期预测MODSE发病提供了简易工具.     

老年人肺部感染并发多器官功能不全综合征的早期预测评分系统研究

目的 建立筛查肺部感染并发老年人多器官功能不全综合征(MODSE)高危人群及其发病的早期预测评分系统.方法 回顾性调查2001年1月至2006年12月因肺部感染在我院住院或住院期间出现肺部感染的驻石家庄地区60岁及以上的军队师以上离退休干部393例的病历资料,根据肺部感染是否诱发MODSE,将所有病例分为MODSE组和非MODSE组,分析年龄、慢性疾病和健康体检有关血检测项目对MODSE发病的影响,从中筛选早期预测MODSE发病的指标,标以一定的分值,建立MODSE早期预测评分系统.结果 年龄、21种慢性疾病和15项血检测项目中经统计学分析结合临床专业知识评价,最终确立了年龄、7种慢性疾病(慢性阻塞性肺疾病、慢性呼吸衰竭、肺间质纤维化、慢性心功能不全、脑血管疾病、糖尿病和慢性肾功能不全)和4项血检测项目(血红蛋白、血白蛋白、血尿素和空腹血糖)作为MODSE早期预测评分系统的评分指标.结论 所建立的MODSE早期预测评分系统评分指标易得、操作简单、易于推广,为筛查肺部感染并发MODSE高危人群及早期预测MODSE发病提供了简易工具.     

老年人肺部感染并发多器官功能不全综合征的早期预测评分系统研究

目的 建立筛查肺部感染并发老年人多器官功能不全综合征(MODSE)高危人群及其发病的早期预测评分系统.方法 回顾性调查2001年1月至2006年12月因肺部感染在我院住院或住院期间出现肺部感染的驻石家庄地区60岁及以上的军队师以上离退休干部393例的病历资料,根据肺部感染是否诱发MODSE,将所有病例分为MODSE组和非MODSE组,分析年龄、慢性疾病和健康体检有关血检测项目对MODSE发病的影响,从中筛选早期预测MODSE发病的指标,标以一定的分值,建立MODSE早期预测评分系统.结果 年龄、21种慢性疾病和15项血检测项目中经统计学分析结合临床专业知识评价,最终确立了年龄、7种慢性疾病(慢性阻塞性肺疾病、慢性呼吸衰竭、肺间质纤维化、慢性心功能不全、脑血管疾病、糖尿病和慢性肾功能不全)和4项血检测项目(血红蛋白、血白蛋白、血尿素和空腹血糖)作为MODSE早期预测评分系统的评分指标.结论 所建立的MODSE早期预测评分系统评分指标易得、操作简单、易于推广,为筛查肺部感染并发MODSE高危人群及早期预测MODSE发病提供了简易工具.     

糖尿病并发脑梗死的CT表临床特点研究分析

选择2017年6月～2018年6月66例T2DM并发脑梗死患者作为观察组,66例nDM脑梗死患者作为对照组。结果对照组的空腹血糖(FPG)(3.41±2.39)mmol/L,血脂(1.02±0.55)mmol/L,观察组分别为(5.27±3.06)mmol/L、(1.58±0.76) mmol/L,糖尿病并发脑梗死的观察组空腹血糖、血脂均高于非糖尿病并发脑梗死的对照组。对照组患者的治疗总有效率为95.45%,观察组为75.76%,非糖尿病并发脑梗死患者的治疗效果更加显著。两组在空腹血糖、血脂、治疗效果等比较具有显著性差异(P0.05),具有统计学意义。结论糖尿病并发脑梗死患者比较常见的是多灶性梗死和腔隙性梗死,由于糖尿病患者在血糖水平的控制上比较困难,因此,治疗效果上,非糖尿病患者疗效更佳,预后更好。     

糖尿病患者手部深度烧伤创面修复临床疗效分析

目的讨论糖尿病患者手部深度烧伤创面修复临床疗效。方法选取2019年4月—2020年4月期间该院收治的118例手部深度烧伤患者作为该次研究对象,根据是否患有糖尿病分为糖尿病组和非糖尿病组,每组59例。两组患者均采用皮瓣、全厚皮和中厚皮进行创面修复治疗,观察两组患者的治疗效果。结果①干预前,糖尿病组和非糖尿病组患者的空腹血糖以及餐后2 h血糖水平差异有统计学意义(t=14.147、4.998,P<0.001);治疗后,糖尿病组空腹血糖为(5.9±1.2)mmol/L,非糖尿病组空腹血糖为(5.5±1.4)mmol/L,差异无统计学意义(t=1.666,P=0.098>0.05),说明糖尿病患者治疗后血糖水平接近正常值;糖尿病组餐后2 h血糖为(7.4±0.4)mmol/L,非糖尿病组餐后2 h血糖为(7.3±0.3)mmol/L,差异无统计学意义(t=1.563,P=0.127>0.05),说明糖尿病患者治疗后血糖水平接近正常值。②糖尿病组患者的手功能恢复优良率为86.4%,与非糖尿病组的98.3%,组间数据差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.330,P=0.037)。结论对于手部深度烧伤患者来讲,在采用相同的床修复方法时非糖尿病患者的治疗效果相对较好,糖尿病患者恢复效果则相对较差,临床对于糖尿病手部深度烧伤患者应给与高度关注,并积极进行进一步治疗。     

球后注射曲安奈德治疗黄斑水肿对老年患者血糖水平的影响

目的糖皮质激素是所有药物中对血糖影响最大的药物,观察球后注射曲安奈德治疗老年人糖尿病性及非糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)对血糖的影响。方法选取北京老年医院眼科≥65岁DME患者80例,分为糖尿病组和非糖尿病组,每组40例,40只眼,给予患眼球后注射曲安奈德20 mg治疗。监测患者给药前、治疗后连续7 d及治疗后14 d的空腹血糖和餐后2小时血糖。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行分析。组内比较采用方差分析,组间比较采用独立样本t检验。结果非糖尿病组患者的空腹血糖[(5.35±0.33)mmol/L]、餐后2小时血糖[(7.66±0.34)mmol/L]及糖尿病组患者的空腹血糖[(8.53±0.59)mmol/L]在第2天升为最高,糖尿病组患者的餐后2小时血糖[(13.32±2.70)mmol/L]在第3天升至最高。非糖尿病组在治疗后第4、5、6、7及14天的血糖水平和治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义,而糖尿病组在注射的第14天血糖升高相比治疗前,差异仍有统计学意义(P0.05)。糖尿病组较非糖尿病组的空腹血糖最大差值[(0.65±0.21)vs(2.91±0.27)mmol/L]和餐后2小时血糖最大差值[(1.10±0.37)vs(4.59±2.15)mmol/L]均显著增加(P0.01)。结论球后注射曲安奈德可引起血糖升高,升高峰值出现在注射后第2天或第3天,且对糖尿病患者影响更明显。眼科医师应对此类药物的副作用给予关注。     

健康体检血液检测项目预测老年多器官功能不全综合征的价值

目的 探讨老年健康体检血检测项目对老年多器官功能不全综合征(MODSE)的早期预测价值.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2006年12月住院的393例老年肺部感染病例,根据肺部感染是否诱发MODSE将所有病例分为MODSE组和非MODSE组,调查各组入院时或入院前的健康体检有关血常规、肝功能、肾功能、血脂、空腹血糖等血检测结果.先做单因素分析,采用独立样本t检验比较两组病例有关血检测项目的 差异,再选择单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的血检测项目作自变量,以MODSE为因变量,作二分类逐步Logistic回归分析,筛选与MODSE发病密切相关的血检测项目.结果 血红蛋白、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、血白蛋白、血尿素和空腹血糖等5项血检测项目与MODSE发病密切相关.血红蛋白和血白蛋白水平低下,门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、血尿素和空腹血糖水平升高是MODSE发病的危险因素.结论 老年健康体检血检测项目中的血红蛋白、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、血白蛋白、血尿素、空腹血糖等对筛查MODSE高危人群、早期预测MODSE发病具有一定价值.     

糖尿病患者肺部感染超敏C反应蛋白和降钙素原检测的临床意义

目的 分析糖尿病患者肺部感染超敏c反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和降钙素原(PCT)检测的临床意义。方法 选取2018年6月至2020年8月我院收治的47例老年糖尿病伴肺部感染患者为观察组,选取同期住院糖尿病患者39例为对照组。比较两组临床特征,分析影响老年糖尿病患者肺部感染诊断的因素,以受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)评估hs-CRP、PCT联合检测对老年糖尿病患者肺部感染的诊断价值。结果 观察组空腹血糖(FPG)(6.43±0.85)mmol/L、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)(6.96±0.92)%、空腹血甘油三酯(TG)(2.11±0.38)mmol/L、总胆固醇(TC)(4.08±0.71)mmol/L、hs-CRP(18.36±2.52)mg/L、PCT(1.58±0.29)ng/ml水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示hs-CRP、PCT、FPG是老年糖尿病患者肺部感染的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示hs-CRP、PCT及二者联合诊断老年糖尿病患者肺部感染的AUC分别为0.743(95%CI:0.621～0.860)、0.781(...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.