普瑞巴林联合塞来昔布预防性镇痛在全膝关节置换术中应用效果分析

目的 评估全膝关节置换术前与术后早期联合应用普瑞巴林和塞来昔布预防性镇痛的临床效果.方法 纳入自2016-01-2019-12完成的120例全膝关节置换术,随机分为2组.观察组60例,术前2h口服普瑞巴林150 mg+塞来昔布400 mg,术后2d内口服2次普瑞巴林(每次75 mg),术后每天口服2次塞来昔布(每次20...     

帕瑞昔布钠联合盐酸羟考酮缓释片在全膝关节置换术后镇痛中的应用

目的 评估帕瑞昔布钠联合盐酸羟考酮控释片对全膝关节置换（TKA）术后镇痛的临床效果.方法选择单侧TKA术患者60例,分为帕瑞昔布钠组（A组,30例） 及帕瑞昔布钠联合盐酸羟考酮控释片组（B组,30例）.两组术毕即采用静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg q12 h镇痛.术后24 h起,A组：当视觉模拟评分（VAS）〉5分时,静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,随后每隔12 h再静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;B组：当VAS〉5分时,静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,10 min后口服盐酸羟考酮控释片10 mg,随后每隔12h静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg并口服盐酸羟考酮控释片10 mg.观察并记录：患者术后24、32、40、48及72 h静息及运动时VAS、Ramsay镇静评分（RSS）,术后48、72 h膝关节被动活动最大可忍受度,药物不良反应情况.结果与A组比较,B组术后32、40、48、72 h的静息及运动疼痛 VAS 评分降低（P〈0.05）,镇静评分增加（P〈0.05）,术后48 h和72 h患者可忍受最大屈曲角度增大（P〈0.05）.两组均未出现严重副反应.结论 帕瑞昔布钠与盐酸羟考酮控释片联合应用符合多模式镇痛趋势,可基本实现TKA患者术后无痛的目标,使患者顺利度过术后疼痛期.     

全膝关节置换术围手术期塞来昔布镇痛疗效评估

目的 探讨塞来昔布应用于全膝关节置换术(TKR)手术期的疗效、安全性及合理用药方案.方法 选择2004年1月至2007年9月在我院行TKR病人148例.随机分为塞来昔布组(A组)、镇痛泵组(B组)、度冷丁组(C组)和塞来昔布加度冷丁组(D组),每组37例.A组手术前3天起开始给药(200mg,每日2次),术后6小时患者可进食后给药(首次剂量400mg.4小时后可再次服用200mg),24小时内不超过800mg,根据病人疼痛程度决定停药时间.B组在麻醉作用消失前即开始给药,维持术后2天.C组术后按每公斤体重Img肌肉注射.两次间隔时间为4～6小时.D组塞来昔布给药时间及给药剂量与A组完全一样,术后按需要给予肌注度冷丁.术后第1天和第2天观察病人疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、药物不良反应、病人满意程度.结果 病人VAS显示.术后第1天和第2天,D组镇痛效果优于A组和C组.B组和D组之间无显著性差异.A组无一例发生药物不良反应.其余3组均不同程度地发生不良反应.术后第1天,B组和D组病人满意度高于A组和C组.B组和D组之间无显著性差异;术后第2天,D组病人满意度高于其他3组.结论 TKR围手术期合理应用塞来昔布.镇痛疗效可靠、安全,适当加用度冷丁能提高病人的满意度.     

塞来昔布联合帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛方案对胸腰椎后路手术术后镇痛的效果观察

目的:观察塞来昔布联合帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛方案治疗胸腰椎后路手术后早期疼痛的效果.方法:2011年5月～2012年4月将拟接受手术治疗且无消化性溃疡、冠心病病史的138例胸腰椎患者(胸腰椎骨折57例,腰椎间盘突出症49例,腰椎管狭窄症21例及退变性腰椎滑脱11例)随机分为3组,每组46例,A组为术后塞来昔布镇痛方案组,B组为术后帕瑞昔布钠镇痛方案组,C组为塞来昔布联合帕瑞昔布钠的围手术期超前镇痛方案组.3组患者病种分布情况、性别、年龄、体重及术前疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).所有患者均接受全麻下胸腰椎后路减压、椎间植骨融合或后外侧植骨融合、椎弓根螺钉内固定术,并分别按照各自组内用药方案予以镇痛.记录每例患者术后6、12、24、48、72h的疼痛评分、术后追加盐酸曲马多及盐酸哌替啶用量和发生不良反应的例数,并进行统计学分析.结果:C组术后各时间点镇痛效果显著优于A组和B组(P＜0.05);术后追加镇痛药物用量C组显著小于A组和B组(P＜0.05);发生不良反应例数C组显著少于A组(P＜0.05),C组发生不良反应例数与B组比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:塞来昔布联合帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛方案对胸腰椎后路手术术后早期疼痛效果良好,其镇痛作用强于单纯应用塞来昔布或帕瑞昔布钠,并可显著减少追加镇痛药物的用量,不良反应发生率较低.     

围术期帕瑞昔布钠对全膝关节置换术后疼痛和功能恢复的影响

目的本研究评估帕瑞昔布钠对全膝关节置换术后疼痛和功能恢复的影响。方法择期行全膝关节置换术的患者30例。所有患者均于麻醉前行股神经置管,然后于L3～4间隙穿刺行腰-硬联合麻醉。患者被随机分为两组:帕瑞昔布钠联合连续股神经镇痛组(PF组)和连续股神经镇痛组(F组),其中PF组于切皮前15min和术后12h给予帕瑞昔布钠40mg,F组给予生理盐水。术后对两组患者的静息和运动时的VAS评分以及膝关节主动活动度进行评估。结果术后静息时两组VAS评分相似;而运动时的各时点VAS评分PF组显著低于F组(P<0.05),同时膝关节的主动活动度PF组显著高于F组(P<0.05)。结论联合应用帕瑞昔布钠的多模式镇痛提高了全膝关节置换术后股神经镇痛的效果,有利于患者运动功能的恢复,对出血无明显影响。     

全膝关节置换术后多模式镇痛的临床研究

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换(TKA)术后不同镇痛方法的镇痛效果和安全性,以及如何合理搭配使用,以实现多模式、个体化镇痛。方法选择符合纳入标准且在腰硬联合麻醉下手术的120例TKA,随机分为A、B、C、D 4组。A、B组术后使用自控静脉镇痛(PCIA),C、D组不使用PCIA;A、C组术后6 h口服西乐葆400 mg,此后每12 h口服西乐葆200 mg至术后2周或VAS评分3分;B、D组术后6 h肌注帕瑞昔布40 mg,此后每12 h肌注帕瑞昔布40 mg,连续3 d后改为每12 h口服西乐葆200 mg;如镇痛不足追加吗啡注射。记录48 h内镇痛药物的总用量,每日记录患者VAS评分、术后引流量及膝关节活动度、睡眠满意度,并观察患者是否存在药物不良反应。结果 A、B组术后6 h VAS评分明显低于C、D组(P0.05);术后12 h,A组VAS评分明显低于C组(P0.05),B组VAS评分明显低于D组(P0.05);无论是在静息状态下还是活动状态下,术后3 d内B、D组VAS评分明显低于A、C组(P0.05)。4组均有药物不良反应发生,使用PCIA的A、B组恶心呕吐、尿潴留、便秘并发症显著增加(P0.01)。4组术后引流量、睡眠满意度及术后第2、3、7 d膝关节活动度差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对TKA术后患者应用超前镇痛联合多模式镇痛可取得满意临床镇痛效果,帕瑞昔布结合PCIA镇痛效果更为明显。患者膝关节功能恢复良好,且不增加失血风险。     

帕瑞昔布钠对全膝关节置换术后股神经阻滞镇痛及膝关节功能恢复的影响--前瞻、双盲、随机对照研究

目的：评价帕瑞昔布钠对全膝关节置换术后连续股神经阻滞的镇痛效果及对早期膝关节功能恢复的影响。方法2012年5～12月择期行全膝关节置换术患者100例,于腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉前行连续股神经阻滞并用于术后镇痛。患者以随机、双盲形式分为2组：连续股神经镇痛组（ C组）和帕瑞昔布钠联合连续股神经镇痛组（ P组）,P组于切皮前30 min和术后12、24、36和48 h静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,C组给予等量生理盐水。术后对2组静息和被动运动时膝关节前后部疼痛视觉模拟评分（ visual analogue scale ,VAS）、镇痛泵按压次数、主动直腿抬高时间、被动屈膝90°时间、术前及术后72 h美国特种外科医院膝关节评分（ Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score ,HSS）进行评估。结果静息时膝关节前部VAS评分各时点2组相似（P＞0．05）,后部VAS评分在术后8、12、24、48 h时P组比C组降低（P＜0．05）;膝关节被动运动时前部VAS评分在24、48 h时P组比C组降低（P＜0．05）,后部VAS评分在24 h时P组比C组降低（P＜0．05）;镇痛泵按压次数在术后4～8 h及8～12 h时间段P组比C组减少（P＜0．05）;2组术前、术后72 h HSS评分差异无显著性（P＞0．05）;主动直腿抬高时间、被动屈膝90°时间P组比C组缩短（P＜0．05）。结论帕瑞昔布钠对全膝关节置换术后连续股神经阻滞的患者在一定程度上缓解疼痛,缩短主动直腿抬高时间、被动屈膝90°时间从而部分改善早期膝关节功能,具有较好的促进恢复作用。     

塞来昔布对急性疼痛的疗效

急性疼痛是常见的临床症状之一，国际上将其视为第5种重要生命体征。临床常用的阿片类或非甾体抗炎类镇痛药因可能并发各种严重不良反应，其应用存在较大的局限性。塞来昔布是一种特异性COX—2抑制剂，胃肠道安全性明显优于传统的非甾体抗炎类镇痛药，对血小板功能、出血时间均无影响，适合于各种创伤所致急性疼痛和术后镇痛。临床试验表明，塞来昔布用于急性踝扭伤（急性疼痛)的疗效优于布洛芬，明显优于安慰剂。塞来昔布应用于合科手术后疼痛的疗效，明显优于氢可酮加醋氨酚或安慰刑。     

地塞米松联合塞来昔布治疗膝关节骨性关节炎

[目的]探讨地塞米松联合塞来昔布治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的效果.[方法]88例膝关节骨性关节炎患者随机分为地塞米松组和联合组,各44例.地塞米松组采用地塞米松治疗,联合组采用地塞米松联合塞来昔布治疗.对比两组临床疗效,治疗前后WOMAC指数、Lequesne评分、VAS评分、疼痛因子、骨代谢指标变化情况.[结果]治疗后,联...     

随机双盲平行对照临床试验评价塞来昔布对手外科术后急性疼痛的疗效

目的评价塞来昔布（西乐葆）对手外科手术后急性疼痛的疗效。方法将120名手外科手术患者按照随机双盲方法分为A、B、C组，每组40名。3组分别为安慰剂组、塞来昔布术后镇痛组、塞来昔布先发镇痛组。记录并评估塞来昔布的手术后镇痛效果。结果A组与B组、C组相比，疼痛的可视模拟测量仪（visual analog scale，VAS）值的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。B组与C组相比VAS值的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05），但在术后第1天B、C组相比VAS值的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。盲底：A组为安慰剂组，B组为塞来昔布术后镇痛组，C组为塞来昔布先发镇痛组。结论塞来昔布对手外科手术后轻中度疼痛有明显的镇痛作用，术前服用一定剂量的塞来昔布可以得到先发镇痛的效果。短期服用正常剂量的塞来昔布是安全的、耐受性良好。     

Clinical outcome after treatment of infected primary total knee arthroplasty

Twenty-six consecutive cases of infected primary total knee arthroplasties were treated at our institution from 1989 through 2000. Eleven patients had debridement and irrigation performed within 2 months of index arthroplasty or hematogenous spread; only one infection was eradicated. Twenty-five patients had their prostheses removed; 17 had two-stage revision arthroplasty, following which infection was eradicated in 15; one had a permanent spacer, 7 had arthrodesis (following failed revision arthroplasty in one) and 2 had a femur amputation (following failed revision arthroplasty in one) at follow-up of mean 24 months. Infections were cured equally well with revision arthroplasty and arthrodesis. Among the 15 patients who ended up with revision arthroplasty, 11 had a better range of motion compared to the index arthroplasty, but 8 had daily pain. We present our treatment protocol, which eradicated 15/17 (88%) infections in patients treated with two-stage revision arthroplasty.     

Nerve injury after primary total knee arthroplasty

There is controversy about the incidence of and predisposing factors to the development of peripheral nerve palsy after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, 19 patients with a documented neurologic complication were identified after a retrospective review of 1,476 primary TKAs performed between January 1970 and December 1998 at the New York Presbyterian Hospital at Columbia University, for an overall incidence of 1.3%. Contrary to previously published data, valgus deformity, flexion contracture, the use of postoperative epidural anesthesia, the prolonged use of pneumatic tourniquets, and preexisting neuropathy were not associated with the development of peripheral neuropathy after TKA based on our data. A larger percentage of rheumatoid knees experienced a neurologic injury than was expected, however. No other significant risk factors for peripheral neuropathy after TKA were identified based on data from our patients. Immediately after discovery of the nerve palsy, conservative treatment was employed for each of our patients. All patients showed at least a partial recovery at the end of follow-up, with most experiencing a complete recovery from symptoms.     

Reinfusion drains after primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative surgeon-elected reinfusion drain placement and to determine whether drainage at 90 minutes is useful in predicting the need for a reinfusion drain. In the standard drain hip arthroplasty group, 6 of 30 patients (20%) received a reinfusion, similar to the 11 of 41 patients (27%) in the reinfusion drain group. In the total knee arthroplasty group, 38 of 45 patients (84%) in the standard group had reinfusion, similar to the 23 of 27 patients (85%) in the reinfusion drain group. The surgeon could not predict intraoperatively which patients would need a subsequent reinfusion drain. However, in more than 94% of the cases, one could know by 90 minutes postoperatively whether a reinfusion would be necessary. We believe that a drain that can be converted to a reinfusion drain in the recovery room would be the most cost-effective drain system.     

Persistent wound drainage after primary total knee arthroplasty

A retrospective review of 597 total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) (546 primary and 51 revision cases) was undertaken to define the role and management of persistent postoperative wound drainage and its relationship to possible subsequent joint sepsis. Eight patients with persistent postoperative wound drainage were identified. The follow-up period averaged 4.3 years. These eight patients represent a 1.3% overall incidence of persistent drainage and only 0.5% with the “parent” group of primary TKAs. These very low incidences of wound drainage contrast markedly with the reported 17–50% incidence in the history of those patients who presented for treatment of established knee arthroplasty infections. Such high frequencies observed by the authors and published elsewhere suggested an important relationship between established knee arthroplasty infection and a history of previous prolonged wound drainage. Because of an initial suspicion that persistent drainage needs to be treated specifically, irrigation and debridement were undertaken in all of the eight cases reported. This secondary procedure occurred at an average of 12.5 days after the initial operation. Twenty-five percent of patients proved to have a positive joint culture at the time of irrigation and debridement, although all cases were treated successfully with adjuvant antibiotics. The success of reopening without introducing infection is of particular note. No morbidity from early irrigation and debridement was experienced, and the authors recommend this procedure for wounds that drain persistently after TKA. The authors hypothesize that recognizing this potential and acting upon it may prevent some chronic drainage problems from becoming true, established infections. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of clinical experience dealing specifically with the issue of active intervention for these problems. Furthermore, this intervention appears to be successful.     

初次全膝关节置换术后腓总神经麻痹的原因及处理

目的探讨初次全膝关节置换术（TKA）术后腓总神经麻痹产生的原因及处理。方法对2002年1月至2009年12月本院有完整记录的1257例初次TKA患者中术后出现腓总神经麻痹的病例进行回顾分析并随访14～56个月,其中一期双侧TKA 4例,单侧TKA 2例;术前诊断骨关节炎3例,类风湿关节炎2例,血友病关节炎1例。结果 6例（0.47%）术后出现腓总神经麻痹,可能的原因包括术中拉钩位置不当,术后血肿压迫,神经阻滞麻醉过程针刺伤,止血带时间过长,术后加压包扎过紧,严重膝外翻屈曲畸形矫形。5例（83.3%）完全恢复,1例行神经探查手术,术后症状一度加重,随访术后6个月运动功能恢复,但目前仍残留感觉麻木。结论初次TKA术后腓总神经麻痹是多种因素造成的,预防是关键,围手术期应注意识别可能发生的一些危险因素并谨慎操作。保守治疗可获得满意效果,神经探查手术应慎重。     

Magnitude of limb lengthening after primary total knee arthroplasty

Patients will often perceive a change in lower limb length after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). From this observed finding, we asked how frequently does a change in limb length occur after TKA. Preoperative and postoperative full-length standing radiographs were obtained for 102 knees in 98 patients who underwent TKA. Digital radiography software was used to measure the mechanical axis and limb length of the operative and nonoperative legs. Overall, 83% of the knees measured showed an increase in limb length after TKA. Preoperative varus alignment was associated with an average lengthening of 5.2 mm. Preoperative valgus alignment was associated with an average lengthening of 8.4 mm. Patients with a valgus deformity greater than 10° demonstrated the greatest average lengthening. It is the conclusion of this study that limb lengthening occurs frequently after TKA, back to a length similar to the nonoperative limb.     

初次全膝关节置换术后膝前痛预防的研究进展

全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）是治疗终极膝关节病变的有效方法,能有效缓解疼痛,纠正畸形,改善功能,进而提高患者的生活质量.目前,患者的满意程度越来越被认为是评价TKA的一个重要因素.而膝前痛作为初次TKA后的常见并发症,是指发生于膝前或者髌骨周围的疼痛,这严重影响了患者膝关节功能的改善和其对手术的满意程度.因此,膝前痛的减轻成为TKA的重要目标.目前,认为膝前痛的主要机制是髌股关节的高接触应力造成的软骨下骨内压升高和并发于髌骨运行轨迹异常导致的髌骨周围软组织病变.近年来针对如何预防全膝关节置换术后膝前痛的发生进行了大量研究,但是由于各种各样的原因,至今为止不管是髌骨置换,保留髌骨行髌骨周围去神经化,还是活动平台体都不能取得确切而良好的效果.由此可见,初次TKA后膝前痛的防治仍然是一个棘手的问题.此问题的解决,需要对膝前痛发生原因、膝关节假体及髌股关节生物力学特性做进一步研究,并经过大规模的随机对照试验的论证.     

连续股神经阻滞联合帕瑞昔布用于全膝置换术后镇痛的效果评价

背景:术后镇痛是全膝关节置换术(TKA)后处理的重要组成,直接影响术后功能恢复,有利于患者早期活动,积极康复锻炼,并降低并发症发生率。多模式联合镇痛方法是目前术后镇痛研究的热点。目的:评估TKA后采用连续股神经阻滞(CFNB)联合帕瑞昔布的镇痛效果和安全性。方法:2006年9月至2011年12月行初次单侧TKA治疗骨关节炎患者80例,随机分为2组,各40例。联合镇痛组,术后使用CFNB联合帕瑞昔布镇痛模式;连续硬膜外镇痛(CEA)组,术后使用硬膜外自控镇痛泵。术后12、24、48 h采用目测类比疼痛评分法(VAS)分别对患膝静息和活动时进行疼痛评分,记录各组术后4、6、8、10 d的膝关节活动范围(ROM);监测副作用如恶心、呕吐、尿潴留、导管相关问题等。结果:80例患者全部获得随访。两组术后12、24、48 h的静息和活动时的VAS评分比较无统计学差异;两组术后4、6、8、10 d 的患膝 ROM 比较无统计学差异;A 组术后尿潴留、恶心、呕吐的发生率均低于 B 组(P<0.05);两组导管相关并发症发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:CFNB联合帕瑞昔布镇痛能有效减轻全膝关节置换术后的疼痛,镇痛效果与CEA相当,副作用少,利于早期功能锻炼。