右美托咪定对老年患者机器人腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治手术谵妄的影响

目的观察行机器人腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治手术(robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy,RALP)的老年患者手术结束前30 min给予右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,DEX)对麻醉苏醒期谵妄的影响。方法选择全麻下择期行RALP的老年患者60例,随机分为两组,观察组30例于手术结束前30 min将DEX以0.8μg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)的速率静脉泵注10 min,对照组30例以同等剂量生理盐水静脉泵注10min。监测患者进入麻醉复苏室拔管前后的心率、平均动脉压和血氧饱和度,采用Ramsay镇静评分、简化ICU意识模糊评估法、舒适度评分及视觉模拟评估法对患者进行评估。结果拔管后观察组比对照组血流动力学更加平稳,谵妄评分较低且有更高的舒适度评分。结论 DEX后处理可降低RALP术后老年患者苏醒期谵妄的发生率。     

右美托咪定对老年前列腺电切术后谵妄的影响

术后谵妄的发生使患者死亡率增高,住院时间延长,医疗成本增加.随着人口老龄化,接受外科手术治疗的老年患者,尤其是良性前列腺增生症(BPH)的老年患者逐年增多.如何降低老年人术后谵妄的发生率,在临床上已日益受到重视.近年来出现的新型镇静药右美托咪定(DEX)在防治术后谵妄方面有一定作用,但相关研究尚少.本研究选择腰硬联合麻醉下行经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)的老年患者为研究对象,探讨DEX对老年患者术后谵妄发生率的影响.     

右美托咪定预防老年全麻患者术后躁动的疗效

老年患者全身麻醉术后常出现苏醒期躁动,影响其术后恢复,易引起心脑血管并发症,增加医护人员工作量,给医患均带来极大不便。如何预防老年全麻患者术后躁动、已引起临床上越来越多的关注。本研究观察右美托咪定预防老年全麻患者术后躁动的效果。1资料与方法     

右美托咪啶对老年卵巢癌手术患者苏醒期谵妄的影响

目的评价右美托咪啶对老年卵巢癌手术患者谵妄的影响。方法择期行卵巢癌根治术患者60例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,年龄65~83岁。采用随机数字表法分为右美托咪啶组(D组)和生理盐水组(N组)两组,每组30例。记录丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼用量及苏醒期躁动和术后6 h内发生谵妄的情况。结果两组年龄、体重指数、手术时间、ASA分级、液体入量无统计学差异(P0.05),丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼用量D组显著低于N组(P0.05),苏醒期躁动、术后6 h内谵妄发生率D组显著低于N组(P0.05)。结论在老年卵巢癌手术中应用右美托咪啶能减少丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼用量并且降低苏醒期躁动和术后6 h内谵妄的发生率。     

右美托咪定对老年脊柱手术患者围术期应激反应及术后认知的影响

目的观察右美托咪定对老年脊柱手术患者围术期应激反应及术后认知功能的影响。方法入选河北北方学院附属第一医院麻醉科2016年4月至2017年11月择期实施脊柱手术的老年患者120例,随机数字表法分为右美托咪定组和生理盐水组,每组60例。右美托咪定组患者建立静脉通路后即刻静脉泵注负荷剂量0.5μg/kg的右美托咪定,持续输注10 min,然后以0.3μg/(kg·h)的速度持续泵注到手术结束前30 min。生理盐水组患者建立静脉通路后给予等容量生理盐水。比较2组患者T_0(术前1 d)、T_1(术后4 h)、T_2(术后24 h)和T_3(术后48 h)时间点应激反应因子水平及认知功能。应用SPSS 19.0统计软件对数据进行分析。组间比较采用重复测量的方差分析和t检验。结果 2组患者术后T_1和T_2时间点皮质醇和白介素-6(IL-6)水平相比T_0时间点水平升高,血管紧张素Ⅱ(AnⅡ)水平较T_0时间点下降,且生理盐水组相比右美托咪定组患者T_1和T_2时间点皮质醇、IL-6和AnⅡ水平均高,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者T_1、T_2时间点简易认知功能评估(MMSE)量表评分低于T_0时间点,匹茨堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表评分高于T_0时间点,且右美托咪定组相比生理盐水组患者MMSE评分T_1时间点[(25. 34±2. 64) vs (20. 01±2. 01)分]和T_2时间点[(25. 45±2. 71) vs (21. 12±2. 14)分]高,PSQI评分T_1时间点[(7. 67±1. 25) vs (9. 68±1. 23)分]和T_2时间点[(2. 86±1. 53) vs (2. 99±1. 55)分]低,差异具有统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论右美托咪定应用于老年脊柱手术患者,可有效降低围术期应激反应及术后认知功能障碍。     

全麻甲状腺手术中应用右美托咪定对芬太尼术后镇痛的影响

目的观察甲状腺手术中应用右美托咪定对芬太尼术后镇痛的影响。方法择期全麻下行甲状腺手术患者40例,按照美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,随机分为右美托咪定组(Ⅰ组)和对照组(Ⅱ组),每组20例。Ⅰ组患者入室后以0.4ug.kg-1.h-1持续泵入右美托咪定,Ⅱ组以同样的方式泵入等量的生理盐水。两组患者麻醉诱导方法相同,插管后行机械通气,术中均采用异丙酚,瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉。Ⅰ组于手术结束前30min停止输注右美托咪定。两组患者术后均采用芬太尼自控镇痛。观察两组患者睁眼时间、拔管时间;记录术后1h、2h、4h、24hVAS和BCS评分;术后恶心、呕吐发生率;术后PCIA按压次数及术后24h镇痛药用量。结果两组患者睁眼时间和拔管时间无统计学差异;与Ⅱ组比较Ⅰ组术后1h、2h、4hVAS和BCS评分显著性降低;术后恶心、呕吐发生率显著性降低;术后24h镇痛药用量总量显著性降低。结论手术中持续泵入右美托咪定能增强术后芬太尼镇痛效应,降低术后镇痛药用量及术后恶心呕吐发生率。     

右美托咪定对老年患者围术期神经认知功能障碍的影响

围术期神经认知功能障碍是老年患者术后常见的并发症,不仅增加患者住院时间、还会增加经济负担.它的发生可能与无菌手术或麻醉介导的炎症反应、血脑屏障受损、中枢神经系统炎症反应、胶质细胞激活、氧化应激及中枢神经系统相关通路激活和神经递质的释放等因素有关.右美托咪定是一种高选择性α2-肾上腺受体激动剂,自美国食品药品监督管理局批...     

盐酸右美托咪定对老年乳腺癌患者术后认知功能的影响

老年患者由于生理病理的改变、麻醉及手术的影响,容易发生术后认知功能障碍(POCD).POCD的具体机制尚未明确,目前认为其发生与脑氧代谢异常有一定关系[1].盐酸右美托咪定(DEX)是一种高选择性的α2受体激动剂,不但具有镇静、抗焦虑、抑制交感神经兴奋等特点,还具有镇痛作用且对循环、呼吸抑制作用小等其他镇静类麻醉药没有的特性.研究表明[2],DEX对神经系统具有一定的保护作用.本研究中将DEX用于老年乳腺癌手术患者的麻醉,探讨其对患者术后认知功能的影响.     

老年患者术后谵妄的研究进展

术后谵妄(POD)是手术后一种常见的急性中枢神经系统综合征。由于生理机能的减退,老年人较儿童和成年人更易发生POD,且POD严重影响着老年患者的术后转归。随着社会的老龄化,老年患者手术量每年递增,POD的临床研究已成为麻醉学领域的热点问题之一。本文从风险预测、预后评估、预防策略、治疗方案4个方向对POD的临床研究进展进行综述,以期为老年POD的临床防治工作提供依据。     

术中局部脑氧饱和度水平与老年全身麻醉术后谵妄发生的关系

目的探讨术中局部脑氧饱和度(rSO2)的变化与老年患者全麻手术后发生谵妄的关系。方法选择2017年1月至2018年1月内蒙古医科大学附属医院麻醉科收治的老年全麻脊柱手术患者76例。患者入室后持续监测rSO2,并记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、气管插管后(T1)、手术开始时(T2)、手术开始后1 h(T3)、手术开始后2 h(T4)、术毕(T5)时的rSO2、心率(HR)及平均动脉压(MAP)。以患者T0时的rSO2值作为基线值,计算T0~T5的rSO2平均值(rSO2)、最小值(rSO2min)和较基线值下降的最大差值(ΔrSO2max)。采用意识紊乱测试法(CAM)对术后患者认知状态进行评估,并分为术后谵妄组(POD组,14例)和非术后谵妄组(NPOD组,62例),同时比较2组上述指标。采用SPSS 18.0软件对数据进行分析。组间比较采用t检验,组内比较采用重复测量的方差分析或两两比较。结果POD发生率为18.4%(14/76)。2组患者T0~T5的MAP及HR比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T0~T3的rSO2在2组间比较无明显差异(P>0.05);T4、T5时,相比NPOD组,POD组患者rSO2值明显下降(P<0.05)。与NPOD组比较,POD组患者ΔrSO2max显著升高[(0.09±0.04)%和(0.05±0.02)%],rSO2显著降低[(73.29±1.69)%和(75.49±1.89)%],但rSO2min[(65.00±3.40)%和(67.47±5.10)%]及基线值[(71.14±0.77)%和(70.95±0.89)%]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论术中rSO2的降低与POD的发生有明显相关性,术中监测rSO2可作为预测POD发生的辅助手段。     

Dexmedetomidine effect on delirium in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Delirium is a common postoperative complication. Many studies have found that dexmedetomidine is associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative delirium (POD). This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effects of dexmedetomidine on POD incidence among elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia.Methods:We searched 4 electronic databases (i.e., Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science) from inception to November 30, 2020, for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of dexmedetomidine in preventing the occurrence of POD in elderly patients (aged ≥60 years). The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020192114).Results:14 studies with 4173 patients showed that dexmedetomidine was significantly associated with a decreased POD incidence among elderly patients (relative risk [RR] = 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44–0.76). The incidence of POD was significantly reduced in the noncardiac surgery group (RR 0.51; 95% CI 0.37–0.72), when dexmedetomidine was applied during the postoperative period (RR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.40–0.70), and in patients received low-doses (RR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.34–0.87) and normal-doses (RR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.42–0.83). There were no significant differences in POD incidence in the cardiac surgery group (RR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.45–1.11), and when dexmedetomidine was applied during the intra- (RR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.29–1.01) or perioperative period (RR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.64–1.40).Conclusions:Our meta-analysis suggests that dexmedetomidine may significantly reduce POD incidence in elderly noncardiac surgery patients and when applied during the postoperative period, in addition, both low- and normal-doses of dexmedetomidine may reduce POD incidence. However, its use in cardiac surgery patients and during the intra- or perioperative period may have no significant effects on POD incidence.     

Prevalence of postoperative delirium with different combinations of intraoperative general anesthetic agents in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A retrospective propensity-score-matched study

Postoperative delirium (PD) remains an issue in cardiac surgery despite the constant efforts to reduce its incidence. In this retrospective study, the incidence of PD was evaluated in patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) according to different primary anesthetic agents: sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine- versus propofol-based anesthesia.A total of 534 patients who underwent heart-valve surgery or coronary artery bypass graft surgery with CPB between January 2012 and August 2017 were divided into 2 groups according to the main anesthetic agent: sevoflurane with dexmedetomidine (sevo-dex group, n = 340) and propofol (propofol group, n = 194). The incidence of PD was evaluated as the primary outcome. Patient-, surgery-, and anesthesia-related factors and postoperative complications were investigated as secondary outcomes. To reduce the risk of confounding effects between the 2 groups, 194 patients were selected from the sevo-dex group after propensity-score matching.After propensity-score matching, the incidence of PD was not significantly different between the sevo-dex (6.2%) and propofol (10.8%) groups (P = .136). In comparisons of the incidence of each type of PD, only hyperactive PD occurred significantly less frequently in the sevo-dex group (P = .021). Older age, lower preoperative albumin levels, and emergency surgery were significant risk factors for PD.The overall incidence of PD after cardiac surgery with CPB did not differ between patients receiving sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine-based versus propofol-based anesthesia. Only hyperactive PD occurred less frequently in patients receiving sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine-based anesthesia.     

Pre- and intraoperative cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy and postoperative delirium: Results of a prospective cross-sectional trial

Postoperative delirium (PODE) is a serious complication that can occur during the first few days after surgery. A number of causes can make delirium more likely; one factor to consider is hypoxia during anesthesia. In this study, the pre- and intraoperative cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO₂) as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was to be examined with regard to an association with the occurrence of PODE in patients undergoing major abdominal procedures. Data from 80 patients (33 women, 47 men) was examined. The mean age was 66.31 ± 10.55 years (between 42 and 84 years). Thirteen patients developed PODE. The preoperative rSO₂ values (P = .10) and the rSO₂ values during the steady state of anesthesia (P = .06) tended to be lower in the delirium group than in the non-delirium group. There was a significant correlation between the preoperative rSO₂ and the preoperative hemoglobin values (P < .001). The variance of rSO₂ during the steady state of anesthesia was significantly greater in the delirium group compared to the non-delirium group (P = .03). In two patients from the delirium group, rSO₂ dropped below 50%; they also had a minimum mean arterial pressure below 50 mmHg, which could have disturbed cerebral autoregulation. The duration of rSO₂ decreases (>10%, >15%, >20%) and increases (>10%) compared to the preoperative values was not significantly different between patients with and without PODE. The results suggest that NIRS could be a useful monitoring method for patients undergoing abdominal surgical procedures, on the one hand to recognize patients with low pre- or intraoperative rSO₂ values, and on the other hand to detect changes in rSO₂ values during anesthesia.     

老年患者肝切除术后谵妄的危险因素分析

目的 探讨老年患者肝切除术后谵妄(POD)的危险因素及对预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年1月于徐州市中心医院全身麻醉下行肝切除术的314例老年患者的临床资料,根据是否发生POD将患者分为POD组(66例)和非POD组(248例)。采用SPSS软件(美国Version 26)与R软件(美国Version 4.1.2)进行数据分析及绘图。根据数据类型,分别采用t检验、秩和检验、χ²检验、Fisher确切概率法或Wilcoxon秩和检验进行组间比较。采用单因素分析方法和多因素logistic回归方法分析老年患者肝切除术后POD发生的独立危险因素。结果 314例老年肝切除患者中,21.0%(66/314)发生POD。高龄(OR=1.167,95%CI 1.058～1.287;P<0.001)、体质量指数<18.5 kg/m²(OR=2.115,95%CI 1.124～3.980;P=0.018)、术前低简易智力状态检查量表评分(OR=1.096,95%CI 1.047～1.148;P=0.021)、术前高查尔森合并症...     

合并视力障碍的老年内科住院病人谵妄发生率及影响因素

目的 了解视力障碍的老年内科疾病病人住院期间谵妄发生率和相关影响因素.方法 采用前瞻性队列研究方法,入选2016年3月至2017年1月四川大学华西医院老年科存在视力障碍的老年住院病人.入院48 h内对病人进行视力检查和谵妄相关危险因素评估,从住院当天至住院第13天每隔一天对病人进行谵妄评估,记录住院期间有无发生谵妄,并...     

Intraoperative monitoring parameters and postoperative delirium: Results of a prospective cross-sectional trial

Postoperative delirium (PODE) can be associated with severe clinical complications; therefore, preventive measures are important. The objective of this trial was to elucidate whether haemodynamic or electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring parameters during general anaesthesia or sevoflurane dosage correlate with the incidence of PODE. In addition, sevoflurane dosages and EEG stages during the steady state of anaesthesia were analyzed in patients of different ages.Eighty adult patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery received anaesthesia with sevoflurane and sufentanil according to the clinical routine. Anaesthesiologists were blinded to the EEG. Haemodynamic parameters, EEG parameters, sevoflurane dosage, and occurrence of PODE were analyzed.Thirteen patients (4 out of 33 women, 9 out of 47 men) developed PODE. Patients with PODE had a greater mean arterial pressure (MAP) variance (267.26 (139.40) vs 192.56 (99.64) mmHg², P = .04), had a longer duration of EEG burst suppression or suppression (27.09 (45.32) vs 5.23 (10.80) minutes, P = .03), and received higher minimum alveolar sevoflurane concentrations (MAC) (1.22 (0.22) vs 1.09 (0.17), P = .03) than patients without PODE. MAC values were associated with wide ranges of EEG index values representing different levels of hypnosis.The results suggest that, in order to prevent PODE, a great variance of MAP, higher doses of sevoflurane, and deep levels of anaesthesia should be avoided. Titrating sevoflurane according to end-tidal gas monitoring and vital signs can lead to unnecessarily deep or light hypnosis. Intraoperative EEG monitoring may help to prevent PODE.     

不同剂量右美托咪定对老年患者内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后认知功能的影响

目的观察不同剂量右美托咪定对老年患者行内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后认知功能的影响。方法入选2014年5月至2015年1月北部战区总医院麻醉科择期行ERCP的老年患者(≥65岁)120例,随机数表法将患者分为对照组(C组)、0.5μg右美托咪定组(D1组)和0.8μg右美托咪定组(D2组),每组40例。右美托咪定组均于麻醉诱导前给予右美托咪定1.0μg/kg的负荷量,输注时间10 min,然后分别持续输注0.5μg/(kg·h)和0.8μg/(kg·h)至手术结束,C组输注等容积的生理盐水。记录患者一般情况、术中用药量、不良反应发生率,并分别于术前(Ta)、术毕即刻(Tb)、术后24 h(Tc)采集患者静脉血,用ELISA法检测血浆中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及S-100β蛋白水平。于术前第1天、术后第1天和第3天用成人简易智能精神状态检查(MMSE)量表评估患者是否发生认知功能障碍(POCD)。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对数据进行分析。组间比较采用方差分析或χ~2检验。结果与C组比较,D1组和D2组患者丙泊酚用量[(112.84±40.10)vs(182.01±61.88)mg;(100.96±46.64)vs(182.01±61.88)mg]减少,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);D1组和D2组患者Tb和Tc时IL-6、TNF-α和S-100β蛋白水平均降低,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。3组患者体动、呃逆及呼吸抑制发生率差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。D1和D2组患者术后各1例发生POCD,发生率均为2.5%(1/40),C组患者术后共8例发生POCD,发生率为20.0%(8/40),差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。结论老年人ERCP术中应用右美托咪定可减少丙泊酚用量和不良反应,降低POCD的发生率。