关节镜下同种异体肌腱双束法重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨同种异体肌腱移植重建关节内韧带,双束韧带即前内束（AM）、后外束（PL）重建前交叉韧带（ACL）,完善韧带修补重建的条件,以期达到ACL重建后膝关节的生物力下曲率运动的均衡和对膝关节回旋稳定的调控。方法对67例ACL患者应用同种异体肌腱重建ACL。股骨髁侧椭圆形隧道,应用Arthrax公司提供的横钉固定肌腱法固定;胫骨侧建立ACL—AM和ACL—PL双隧道,挤压钉固定。结果67例均获随访,时间12—36（18．4±3．8）个月,Lysholm评分：术前（34．47±1．5）分,术后3个月（78．35±3．4）分,术后6个月（81．88±3．3）分,术后12个月（87．76±2．1）分,术后18个月（89．70±3．5）分。有关节软骨损伤者,影响术后Lysholm评分。结论同种异体肌腱可以满足韧带受区的要求,双束ACL重建符合膝关节韧带4连杆曲率生物运动模式,膝关节回旋稳定度高。手术操作简单,效果良好。     

关节镜下自体与同种异体肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床对比分析

目的观察自体腘绳肌肌腱与同种异体移植物关节镜下重建膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)的疗效与差异。方法将54例ACL损伤患者分为两组,自体腘绳肌肌腱移植组33例,男26例,女7例;年龄20～48岁。同种异体肌腱移植组21例,男16例,女5例;年龄18～52岁。均采用美国强生公司生产的Rigidfix及Intrafix系统固定,评价项目包括手术时间、发热天数、大腿周径患健侧比值、Lachman试验、中立位前抽屉试验(ADT)和国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)、Lysholm及Tegner评分。随访时间6～12个月,平均8个月。结果两组患者术后膝关节稳定性均得到明显好转,除手术时间外,物理检查及功能评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论关节镜下自体及同种异体肌腱重建ACL都有较好的疗效,可根据患者的病情及主观要求灵活选择。     

关节镜下同种异体胫前肌腱与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带远期效果的比较

目的:对比同种异体胫前肌腱(tibialis anterior allograft,TAA)与自体腘绳肌腱(hamstring tendon autograft,HTA)重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)的10年随访临床疗效.方法:回顾分析2007年3月至2010年3月单束重...     

关节镜下自体与同种异体肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床研究

[目的]比较自体与同种异体肌腱关节镜下重建膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)的临床疗效。[方法]回顾分析了56例ACLⅢ度损伤病人,将其分为2组;A组:自体肌腱移植30例;B组:同种异体肌腱移植26例。两组病人采用相同的手术方法,术后随访25～48个月,平均34.4个月。[结果]理学检查、Lysholm-Tegner和IKDC膝关节综合功能评定及KT2000检测,手术前后两组各项指标差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);但两组间术后各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]同种异体与自体肌腱重建ACL的疗效相近,是重建ACL良好的移植物。     

关节镜下膝关节前交叉韧带断裂同种异体肌腱重建术的临床研究

[目的]探讨膝关节镜下采用同种异体肌腱重建前交叉韧带的方法和效果.[方法]回顾性分析2007年3月～2009年4月18例关节镜下应用同种异体肌腱重建前交又韧带的情况,应用山西骨组织库提供的同种异体肌腱进行前交叉韧带重建,观察并记录治疗前后的症状、体征变化,采用Lvsholm关节评分评价疗效.[结果]全部病例均获得随访,平均随访25个月,Lysholm关卫评分山术前(41±1.1)分提高到术后(92±2.6)分(P<0.01),在统计学上有显著差异所有病例均无膝前区疼痛,2例体检仍出现阳性体征,关节功能明显改善,症状基本消失.[结论]关节镜下同种异体肌腱重建前交又韧带创伤小,稳定性好,并发症少,疗效优良.可避免自体移植物取材后造成的并发症.     

关节镜下同种异体肌腱重建膝关节前后交叉韧带的临床研究

目的 探讨关节镜下同种异体肌腱重建前后交叉韧带的疗效.方法 前后交叉韧带损伤14例在关节镜下应用由山西骨组织库提供的同种异体肌腱进行交叉韧带重建,观察并记录治疗前后的症状、体征变化和Lysholm评分.结果 全部病例均获得随访,时间6～37个月.所有病例无膝前区疼痛,2例体检仍出现阳性体征.治疗前后Lysholm评分分别为(45±1.2)分和(94±2.9)分,差异显著(P＜0.01);治疗后关节功能明显改善,症状基本消失.结论 关节镜下同种异体肌腱重建膝关节交叉韧带疗效显著,可避免自体移植物取材后造成的并发症.     

关节镜下自-异体混编肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带的疗效

目的 探讨关节镜下自-异体混编肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的疗效.方法 采用关节镜下自-异体混编肌腱单束重建手术治疗42例ACL断裂患者.记录手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间.采用膝关节活动度(ROM)、疼痛VAS评分、Lysholm评分及IKDC评分评价临床疗效.末次随访时采用Lysholm评分评价膝关节功能优良率...     

关节镜下自体和同种异体肌腱重建前交叉韧带的疗效比较

[目的]探讨关节镜下自体和同种异体肌腱重建前交叉韧带的疗效。[方法]将本院2013年1月~2014年12月收治的86例陈旧性前交叉韧带损伤重建患者随机分为2组,每组43例。自体肌腱组行自体腘绳肌腱重建,异体肌腱组行同种异体肌腱重建。术后,对两组患者重建后免疫排斥反应、膝关节功能(Lysholm、Tegner、IKDC)、胫骨前移程度(KT 2 000、Lachman)、关节运动肌力进行评价。[结果]异体肌腱组重建后免疫排斥反应[疼痛>1周(32.6%)、关节积液穿刺抽液(55.8%)、白细胞计数>10×10~9L~(-1)(53.5%)]大于自体肌腱组(27.9%、51.2%、46.5%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后两组Lysholm、Tegner、IKDC评分显著升高(P<0.05),但两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后两组KT 2 000评分显著降低(P<0.05),但两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后两组Lachman评价差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。异体肌腱组术后膝关节肌肉峰力矩(屈膝、伸膝、内旋、外旋)无显著变化(P>0.05);自体肌腱组术后膝关节肌肉峰力矩(屈膝、内旋)显著降低(P<0.05),且低于异体肌腱组(P<0.05)。[结论]关节镜下自体和同种异体肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效相当,可依据患者情况合理选择。     

关节镜下实施自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的效果分析

目的分析关节镜下实施自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的效果。方法对40例膝关节前交叉韧带损伤患者实施关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建治疗,并对其临床效果进行回顾性分析。结果患者均顺利完成手术,未发生感染、韧带再断裂、挤压钉脱落等并发症。患者均获12~24个月随访。末次随访Lachman征和旋转移位试验均为阴性,X线检查无退行性改变,Lysholm评分及Tegner功能评分均优于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对前交叉韧带损伤患者实施自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带治疗,创伤小、术后并发症少、膝关节功能恢复好。     

关节镜下髌韧带和六股异体腘绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带的临床研究

目的 比较关节镜下采用髌韧带和六股异体腘绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2006年10月至2009年12月我科采用关节镜下异体移植物单束重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的108例患者的临床资料,其中六股异体腘绳肌腱58例(腘绳肌腱组),异体髌韧带50例(髌韧带组).术后应用Lachman和pivot-shift试验以及KT-1000评估膝关节稳定性,按照国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)、Lysholm膝关节评分评价膝关节功能.结果 术后患者随访时间12～38个月,平均为28.6个月.腘绳肌腱组KT-1000检查示双侧膝关节前向松弛度差异为(1.2±1.2)mm,显著小于髌韧带组(1.8±1.5)mm,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).腘绳肌腱组轴移试验阴性55例(94.8%),阳性3例(5.2%),髌韧带组阴性41例(82.0%),阳性9例(18.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后腘绳肌腱组和髌韧带组IKDC评分为(90±5)分和(89±5)分,Lysholm评分为(94±5)分和(93±6)分,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 关节镜下单束重建前交叉韧带采用六股异体腘绳肌腱较髌韧带能够明显提高膝关节稳定性.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the outcome of arthroscopic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction with six-strand hamstring tendon and patellar tendon allograft.Methods From October 2006 to December 2009,108 patients with arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed,with 58 patients with six-strand hamstring tendon(Group H),and 50 patients with patellar tendon allograft(Group P).Patients were available for clinical evaluation with KT-1000 arthrometer measurements,Lachman and pivot-shift test,and knee function with the Internationa]Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC),Lysholm scores.Results All the patients were followed up at an average of 28.6 months(range 12-38 months).The average side-to-side difference was lesser for group H(1.2 ± 1.2)mm than group P(1.8 ±1.5)mm(P＜0.05).On the pivot-shift test,55(94.8%)patients were negative and 3(5.2%)were positive in group H,whereas 41(82.0%)were negative and 9(18.0%)were positive in group P,with significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05).All knee function scores were improved postoperatively,without statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with six-strand hamstring tendon will achieve better knee stability than patellar tendon allograft.     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建膝前交叉韧带的临床观察

目的探讨关节镜下自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建膝前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法自2006年12月-2010年1月,对215例膝关节前交叉韧带损伤患者采用关节镜下自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建（包括单束和双束）。比较患者术前、术后Lysholm膝关节评分和膝关节稳定性改变。结果本组215例中210例获得随访,1例患者在术后6周出现膝关节内感染,予行关节镜下清理、抗感染等处理后治愈。术前和术后1个月、术后6个月、术后1年Lysholm膝关节评分分别比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术前215例患者物理检查均表现为膝关节不稳,术后所有患膝不稳定表现消失。结论关节镜下自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建膝前交叉韧带疗效可靠,依据病人实际情况个性化合理选择单双束重建。     

Rehabilitation after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Rehabilitation is an important part of therapy in patients who have had arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A well-designed rehabilitation program avoids potential graft damage and speeds up patients' return to their full function level. The course of rehabilitation depends on the type of surgery, mode of fixation and possible co-existing injury to the knee's soft tissues. The rehabilitation program presented here is based on the present-day knowledge of neurophysiological and biomechanical principles and is divided into five phases. In the pre-operative phase (I), the main objective is to prepare patients for surgery in terms of maximum muscle strength and range of motion. It also includes providing full information on the procedure. In the early post-operative phase (II) we are concerned with pain alleviation and reduction of knee edema. After suture removal we begin with soft techniques for the patella and post-operative physical therapy to reduce scarring. In the next post-operative phase (III) patients are able to walk with their full weight on the extremity operated on, and we continue doing exercises that improve flexor/extensor co-contraction. In this phase we also begin with exercises improving the patient's proprioceptive and sensorimotor functions. In the late post-operative phase (IV) we go on with exercises promoting proprioception of both lower extremities with the aim of increasing muscle control of the knee joints. In the convalescent phase (V) patients gradually return to their sports activities.     

采用四股半腱肌肌腱和缝线钢板重建前十字韧带后的康复训练

目的介绍采用四股半腱肌肌腱和缝线钢板重建前十字韧带后的康复训练方法,总结其近期效果。方法对51例陈旧性前十字韧带损伤的患者采用四股半腱肌肌腱和缝线钢板进行重建,术后进行1年以上系统的康复指导。按照Lysholm膝关节功能评分标准,术前膝关节功能评分为(56.7±7.4)分。康复内容包括支具制动及负重计划、肌力、活动度、本体感受器训练和肌肉牵张训练等方面。通过膝关节稳定性、肌力、活动度、步态分析,以及膝关节功能评分,总结这种训练方法的可行性和效果。结果术后3个月,膝关节的活动度均恢复正常。术后1年,患肢的股四头肌-绳肌峰力矩比值超过正常侧的80%。KT-1000检查结果显示,术后6、12个月,患侧膝关节前向松弛度大于健侧的比例分别为11.76%(6/51)和10.41%(5/48),但松弛度差异均在4mm以内,其余患者患侧膝关节前向松弛度与健侧相同或者小于健侧。术后1年,95.83%的患者都能够恢复正常步态,膝关节功能评分为(97.8±1.2)分。统计学分析显示,术后与术前评分相比差异有显著性意义。结论对于不合并严重内、外侧韧带复合结构损伤的陈旧性前十字韧带损伤,在采用四股半腱肌肌腱和缝线钢板进行重建后,采用该方法进行康复训练是切实可行且有效的。     

A modified arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament double-bundle reconstruction technique with autogenous quadriceps tendon graft: remnant-preserving technique

Several techniques of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) double-bundle reconstruction have been introduced to improve the functional outcome and restore normal kinematics of the knee. Meanwhile, a remnant-preserving technique was developed to preserve the proprioception and to enhance the revascularization of the reconstructed ACL. We developed double-bundle ACL reconstruction technique using autogenous quadriceps tendon graft while preserving the remnant. With this technique, two femoral sockets and one tibial tunnel are made. To preserve the remnant of the ACL, the rotational direction of the reamer was set to counterclockwise just before perforation of the tibial tunnel. To pass the graft more easily without disturbance of the remnant, the graft passage was achieved through the tibial tunnel. We suggest that the remnant-preserving technique could be an effective alternative considering its mechanical stability as well as the proprioception and vascularization recovery in arthroscopic double-bundle ACL reconstruction.     

Pretibial cyst formation after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Pretibial cyst formation is a rare occurrence after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. We report this complication after ACL reconstruction using a hamstring autograft. Bone grafting of the original tibial tunnels during revision surgeries after failed ACL reconstruction could prevent this rare complication.Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 19, No 2 (February), 2003: pp E5–E5     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效

前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligment,ACL)损伤是膝关节最常见的韧带损伤.近年来,随着运动医学领域的研究不断深入,ACL重建的固定方法 也不断创新.本文分析了2006年12月至2007年10月我科采用4种固定方法 关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL的疗效,现总结如下.     

Muscle and tendon morphology after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with autologous semitendinosus-gracilis graft

BACKGROUND: The autologous semitendinosus-gracilis graft is the first choice of many orthopaedic surgeons when reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament. The effect that graft harvest has on muscle and tendon morphology remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to describe these effects more completely. METHODS: Magnetic resonance images were acquired from eight patients before the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with semitendinosus-gracilis autograft and then again postoperatively after they had returned to sports. Muscle and tendon morphology was described by determining the volume and peak cross-sectional area of each structure on digitally reconstructed images. The effects that the procedure had on muscle and tendon length were evaluated separately and then together as a muscle-tendon complex. RESULTS: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with semitendinosus-gracilis autograft resulted in a marked decrease in volume, cross-sectional area, and length of the semitendinosus and gracilis muscles. Tendon regeneration occurred in varying degrees in nearly all subjects. The morphology of the biceps femoris and semimembranosus muscles suggested that they had been compensating for the reduced semitendinosus and gracilis muscle function. Although semitendinosus and gracilis muscle retraction occurred following tendon stripping, nearly all of the subjects displayed evidence of at least partial tendon regeneration. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with semitendinosus-gracilis autograft had a marked impact on semitendinosus and gracilis muscle morphology. However, this altered muscle morphology did not appear to have a clinically important impact on short-term outcomes. The biceps femoris and semimembranosus muscles appear to compensate for reduced semitendinosus and gracilis function. Tendon regeneration is observed in most people, but it is often incomplete at six months.     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱与腓骨长肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带

[目的]比较关节镜下应用自体腘绳肌与自体腓骨肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2014年7月~2017年12月在本院行关节镜下单束重建ACL的46例患者,26例采用自体腘绳肌腱,20例采用自体腓骨长肌腱。采用国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)及Lysholm评分对膝关节功能进行评估,并应用FADI评分对患肢踝关节功能进行评估,并记录患肢大腿周径的变化。应用膝关节MRI对移植物连续性进行评估。[结果]两组患者均顺利完成手术。两组患者手术时间、术后恢复下地行走时间等差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术中取腱初始长度、腱编织后移植物直径自体腓骨长肌腱组明显大于自体腘绳肌腱组,但自体腓骨长肌腱组手术切口总长度显著长于腘绳肌腱组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者随访12~18个月,平均(14.93±1.97)个月。术后1年时两组患者的IKDC、Lysholm评分均较术前显著增加(P0.05),但相应时间点两组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1年时两组患肢踝关节功能FADI评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),自体腓骨长肌移植组术后1年时大腿周径双侧差值明显小于腘绳肌腱组(P0.05)。术后1年时MRI评估,腘绳肌腱组移植物连续性显示良好23例,中等3例;腓骨肌腱组显示良好18例,中等2例,两组的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者均未见髁间撞击征发生。[结论]自体腓骨长肌单束重建前交叉韧带术后1年时可达到与自体腘绳肌腱移植类似的膝关节功能学评分,该方法术中可获得具有更大直径的移植物,术后患肢大腿肌肉萎缩程度较轻,且对踝关节功能无明显影响。