Straub Rotarex System联合药物涂层球囊治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症合并血栓栓塞的效果

目的探讨Straub Rotarex System联合药物涂层球囊(DCB)治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症合并血栓栓塞的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2018年6月期间在赤峰市医院血管外科行Rotarex血栓清除装置减容联合DCB扩张治疗的下肢动脉粥样硬化闭塞症同时合并动脉栓塞或下肢动脉血栓形成的16例老年患者(16条患肢)的临床资料。明确诊断后接受介入手术治疗,先使用Rotarex血栓清除装置行经皮血栓清除减容,减容后造影评估,残余狭窄使用DCB扩张。观察患者治疗前后症状改善情况,对比治疗前后踝肱指数(ABI)变化,观察并发症发生情况。术后6～12个月门诊复查彩超评价通畅率,评估临床疗效。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据处理。组间比较采用t检验。结果手术技术成功率100%。术后11例静息痛患者疼痛症状较术前显著缓解,疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)显著下降[(2.0±0.3)和(8.6±1.1),P0.01]。5例间歇性跛行患者中3例患者术后跛行症状消失,2例患者间歇性跛行距离较术前明显延长。术后患肢ABI较术前显著提高[(0.87±0.06)和(0.29±0.10),t=19.89,P0.01]。术中发生1例(占6.25%)并发症,为远端动脉栓塞,再次机械减容后解除栓塞。所有患者均获得6～12个月随访,通畅率100%。结论对于下肢动脉硬化闭塞症合并血栓栓塞的患者,Rotarex血栓清除装置联合DCB是一种安全有效的治疗方法,可作为优选治疗方案。     

动脉溶栓联合血管成形术治疗急性重症缺血性卒中患者疗效分析

目的探讨动脉溶栓联合血管成形术治疗急性重症缺血性卒中的临床疗效及安全性。方法 2009年9月—2013年4月,首都医科大学宣武医院对单纯动脉溶栓后(尿激酶)再通不良的16例重症急性缺血性卒中[美国国立卫生院卒中量表评分中位数(NIHSS)18(14～21)分;改良Rankin评分(mRS)中位数4(3～5)分]患者行血管成形术治疗。对其中6例行球囊扩张术,3例行支架置入术,7例行球囊扩张联合支架置入术。结果①16例患者术前血流灌注(TIMI)分级0级14例(87.5%),1级2例(12.5%)。术后14例血管再通,总再通率为87.5%。其中11例(68.8%)完全再通,3例(12.5%)部分再通。行球囊扩张联合支架置入术的7例,均为完全再通;单纯支架置入术的3例,完全再通2例,部分再通1例;单纯球囊扩张术的6例,完全再通2例,部分再通2例,未再通(TIMI分级由0级变为1级)2例。②术后2例(12.5%)死亡,1例于术后第5天死于小脑及脑干出血,另1例于术后第6天死于蛛网膜下腔出血。③生存的14例患者,术后2周NIHSS评分和mRS评分均较术前明显改善;术后3个月,NIHSS和mRS评分较术后2周进一步改善。差异均有统计学意义,P<0.01或P<0.05。采用超声随访14例患者,随访时间中位数19.5(3～46)个月,仅行球囊扩张术后的1例患者出现再狭窄。结论单纯动脉溶栓后再通不良的重症急性缺血性卒中,联合血管成形术可能会提高血管再通率,改善临床预后。其中联合支架置入术可能较单纯联合球囊扩张术具有更高的再通率。     

影响急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后血流的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后血流(心肌梗死血栓溶解后血流)的相关因素。方法收集行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后的急性心肌梗死患者的临床和造影资料,应用单变量和多变量逻辑回归的方法,分析可能影响急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后心肌梗死血栓溶解后血流的临床和介入操作的相关因素。结果共入选75例行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术的急性心肌梗死患者,其中心肌梗死血栓溶解后血流3级者60例(占80%),心肌梗死血栓溶解后血流≤2级者15例(占20%)。单变量分析表明梗死相关血管直径、球囊扩张次数、置入支架数量和直径、支架内扩张次数、有无糖尿病史、症状发作至急诊室就诊时间、症状发作至导管室时间、症状发作至血流开放时间可明显影响急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后心肌梗死血栓溶解后血流(P均<0.05);多变量分析表明梗死相关血管直径、球囊扩张次数、有无糖尿病史、症状发作至急诊室就诊时间可独立影响急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后心肌梗死血栓溶解后血流(P均<0.05)。结论梗死相关血管直径、球囊和支架扩张次数、有无糖尿病史、症状发作至血流恢复时间可影响急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后心肌梗死血栓溶解后血流。     

老年周围动脉疾病综合介入治疗的临床观察

目的　探讨综合介入治疗老年周围动脉疾病的临床疗效及安全性。方法　采用经皮穿刺周围动脉血管球囊扩张术 (PTA)、支架置入、持续动脉内溶栓加PTA、血管内膜剥离术加支架置入术等综合介入方法治疗老年周围动脉阻塞性病变 6 2例次 ,其中上肢锁骨下动脉阻塞性病变 2 1例次 ,下肢动脉病变 4 1例次。单纯PTA 6例次 ,球囊预扩张加支架置入术 5 2例次 ,溶栓加PTA 3例次 ,股动脉内膜剥离术加髂动脉支架置入术 1例。结果　手术成功率95 % ,手术并发症 1.4 % (支架脱落 1例 )。术后即刻血管造影影像学和临床表现明显改善。随访 3个月～ 2年 ,无复发性肢体缺血症状生存 6 7% ,间歇性跛行较术前减轻并维持 13% ,临床再狭窄率 2 0 %。结论　老年周围动脉阻塞性病变综合介入治疗近、远期疗效满意 ,手术安全可靠 ,肢体复发性缺血症状发生率相对较低 ,是目前治疗老年周围动脉疾病的有效方法之一     

动脉内溶栓联合血管成形术治疗发病六小时内椎-基底动脉系统缺血性卒中患者的疗效

目的探讨动脉内溶栓联合血管成形术治疗椎-基底动脉系统缺血性卒中6 h内患者的疗效及安全性。方法收集2006年4月—2012年2月椎-基底动脉系统急性缺血性卒中（发病时间〈6 h）患者21例,根据所用治疗方式的不同分为单纯动脉内溶栓组（10例）和动脉内溶栓联合血管成形术组（联合治疗组,11例）。联合治疗组中4例行球囊扩张和支架置入术,1例行支架置入术,6例仅行球囊扩张术。根据急性心肌梗死溶栓标准（TIMI）判定血管再通情况。采用美国国立卫生院卒中评分（NIHSS）评价治疗前后的神经功能。根据改良Rankin量表（mRS）评估溶栓后3个月的疗效。结果①单纯溶栓组6例患者的血管再通,其中1例（10.0%）为完全再通,联合治疗组有7例血管再通,其中6例（54.5%）为完全再通,完全再通率差异有统计学意义,P〈0.05。②经治疗后,单纯溶栓组和联合治疗组的NIHSS评分均下降,但是两组患者的术后即刻、术后24h和术后2周的NIHSS评分比较,组间差异无统计学意义。③两组均有3例患者死亡。治疗3个月后,存活的患者中,单纯溶栓组疗效良好的有4例,疗效差的有3例;联合治疗组分别为5例和3例。两组比较,病死率及疗效差异无统计学意义。④成功施行支架置入术的5例患者,血管均得到完全再通,术后随访未见再狭窄。而动脉溶栓联合单纯球囊扩张的6例患者中,仅2例获再通（1例为完全再通）,其中1例术后3个月发生再狭窄。结论对于行单纯动脉内溶栓血管不能再通的椎-基底动脉系统急性缺血性卒中患者,联合血管内成形术可提高血管再通率;支架置入术较单纯球囊扩张术疗效可能更佳。     

球囊扩张或支架植入辅助静脉联合动脉溶栓的临床分析

目的研究球囊扩张或支架植入在静脉联合动脉溶栓中的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2006年3月~2010年3月急诊10例严重急性脑梗死行静脉联合动脉溶栓后球囊扩张或支架植入患者临床资料。结果7例完全开通,2例部分开通,临床症状改善,1例未能开通,患者死亡。结论对于脑供血动脉大血管急性闭塞而且侧支循环不能代偿的患者,球囊扩张或支架植入能够增加血管开通率,恢复缺血区灌注,减轻临床症状,降低致残、致死率。     

介入疗法治疗缺血性脑血管病(附48例报告)

回顾性分析48例缺血性脑血管病患者的介入治疗方法 .经动脉介入溶栓治疗12例,其中9例大脑中动脉(MCA)主干急性闭塞患者,6例完全溶通,2例无效,1例术后第2天再通;3例基底动脉(BA)急诊溶栓的患者,2例溶栓后通畅,l例术后6 h后再次发生血栓.行支架植入术及球囊血管成形术36例,其中19例行颈动脉起始部支架植入术,17例痊愈出院,1例术后发生同侧额叶斑点状梗死,1例吞咽障碍;4例行颈内动脉虹吸段支架植入术,2例康复出院,发生脑出血2例,其中死亡1例,症状较术前加重1例;4例行MCA支架植入术、9例行椎--基底动脉球囊血管成形和支架植入术,均好转出院.认为介入疗法是治疗缺血性脑血管病的重要手段.急诊动脉内溶栓必须遵循严格的神经影像筛选标准.支架植入术后应控制血压,预防出血及其他部位血管的梗死.     

自膨式支架治疗症状性基底动脉狭窄围手术期并发症的分析

目的探讨自膨式支架治疗基底动脉症状性粥样硬化性狭窄患者围手术期的并发症。方法回顾性分析2007年11月—2013年1月,51例接受Gateway球囊扩张+自膨式支架(Wing-span支架37例、Enterprise支架8例、Solitaire支架5例、Neuroform支架1例)置入治疗患者的临床资料。评估患者的临床表现、影像学特点及围手术期并发症发生率。结果①技术成功率为100%。基底动脉病变部位的平均狭窄率[中位数(M),范围]从术前的74(50～95)%下降至术后的26(0～48)%。4例(7.8%)患者出现了不同程度的言语不清、一侧肢体肌力减退等缺血症状,MRI检查提示桥脑新发梗死,考虑为穿支动脉闭塞引发的缺血事件。积极治疗后2例术后1个月症状缓解,2例仍有不同程度的神经功能障碍。②51例患者中有49%的狭窄部位在基底动脉下段,33.3%在中段,17.6%在上段。基底动脉上段狭窄支架置入治疗后,缺血并发症率高于基底动脉中下段(22.2%比4.8%),但因例数少,差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.115,P>0.05)。结论自膨式支架治疗基底动脉狭窄安全可行,但穿支动脉缺血事件是较常见的并发症,而且以基底动脉上段最为多见。     

138例肝静脉阻塞型Budd-Chiari综合征介入治疗的研究

背景肝静脉阻塞型Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)的病因尚未完全明了,其传统治疗方法为门体或肠腔分流术,近年介入放射学技术已成为治疗BCS的常用方法.目的总结11年期间以介入技术治疗肝静脉阻塞型BCS的经验,评价其疗效.方法以介入技术治疗138例肝静脉阻塞型BCS患者.介入治疗方法有经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)、置入支架和经导管清除血栓.以血管造影表现和压力变化评价即刻疗效,以症状显著改善或消除评价临床疗效,随访期间行超声检查,部分复查CT和CT血管造影(CTA).结果肝静脉阻塞多为膜性阻塞(60.1%).同时存在肝静脉和下腔静脉阻塞者占25.4%,合并下腔静脉血栓占8.0%,肝静脉血栓形成占5.1%.介入治疗成功率为97.1%.单纯行肝静脉球囊扩张成形术28例(20.9%),球囊扩张后向狭窄段置入支架106例(79.1%).介入开通阻塞后,肝静脉压力从(36±9)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa)降至(18±7)cm H2O.术中未出现并发症.治疗成功者术后相关症状明显改善或完全消失;32例术前以门静脉高压症为主要表现者术后未发生静脉曲张破裂出血,复查内镜示静脉曲张程度减轻.术后随访118例,均生存,其中9例(7.6%)临床症状复发,经血管造影证实支架区狭窄,开通再狭窄成功6例.结论介入放射学技术,如PTA、置入支架和经导管清除血栓是治疗肝静脉阻塞型BCS安全和有效的方法,远期疗效优良.     

腘静脉置管溶栓联合髂静脉球囊扩张支架植入术治疗合并Cockett综合征的DVT

目的观察腘静脉置管溶栓联合髂静脉球囊扩张支架置入术治疗合并Cockett综合征的下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效。方法 41例合并Cockett综合征的下肢深静脉血栓形成患者,在下腔静脉滤器保护下行腘静脉置管溶栓联合髂静脉球囊扩张,22例行髂静脉支架植入术。结果本组均无手术后死亡者,无肺动脉栓塞发生。术后3～5 d患者肢体肿胀开始消退,术后5～10 d肿胀明显消退。静脉造影示下肢静脉血栓溶解,少数残存短段血管壁毛糙。38例获随访23例下肢深静脉主干通畅、瓣膜形态良好;11例深静脉不完全通畅、瓣膜形态模糊,未发现支架移位和变形;4例髂静脉支架内血栓形成。结论腘静脉置管溶栓联合髂静脉球囊扩张支架植入术治疗合并Cockett综合征的下肢深静脉血栓疗效满意。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.