间充质干细胞通过环氧化酶2影响慢性炎症损伤的巨噬细胞表型极化

目的探讨高糖联合炎症条件下巨噬细胞的表型变化及脂肪间充质干细胞(MSC)对损伤的巨噬细胞表型极化的影响及其机制。方法将原代培养的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分为正常组、损伤组(33mmol/L葡萄糖+1μg/ml脂多糖)、治疗组(高糖+脂多糖炎症损伤+MSC Transwell共培养)、抑制剂组[MSC+环氧化酶2(COX-2)抑制剂]。光学显微镜观察巨噬细胞的形态,流式细胞术定量检测巨噬细胞M1及M2表型比例,ELISA细胞因子白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-10、前列腺素E2的变化。结果与损伤组比较,治疗组M1型巨噬细胞比例明显降低[(8.91±0.71)%vs(16.19±0.78)%,P0.05],M2型巨噬细胞比例明显升高[(51.09±4.89)%vs(28.10±12.47)%,P0.05],IL-6明显下降,IL-10明显升高;与治疗组比较,抑制剂组M1型巨噬细胞的比例显著升高[(19.94±2.07)%vs(8.91±0.71)%,P0.05],IL-6含量增加,IL-10含量降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 MSC可以通过COX-2通路促进高糖炎症损伤的M1型巨噬细胞向M2表型极化及修复其损伤。     

巨噬细胞极化在心血管疾病中的作用及中药干预研究进展

巨噬细胞具有异质性及可塑性,微环境是影响巨噬细胞表型变化的关键因素。在心血管疾病中,巨噬细胞可随所处的微环境极化为不同表型(M1、M2型等)。它们分别表达不同的表面受体,释放不同的细胞因子,受多种信号通路和转录的调控,在心血管疾病发展中行使不同的功能。其中M1型通过分泌促炎因子,负责启动和维持炎症反应;M2型通过分泌抗炎因子,参与炎症消退和组织修复。中药多具有扶正、活血化瘀、清热解毒之功效,通过调控JAK/STAT、PI3K/Akt、Toll受体等信号通路,减少巨噬细胞聚集,促进巨噬细胞向M2极化或恢复M1/M2之间的动态平衡,以改善炎性微环境,延缓疾病进展。文章主要从巨噬细胞的起源、极化诱导因素及亚型分类、调控机制、巨噬细胞极化在心血管疾病中的作用及中药干预进行系统梳理,为心血管疾病防治提供理论指导。     

不同种类脂肪酸对巨噬细胞M1/M2极化的影响

背景:巨噬细胞表型和功能改变在非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的发生、发展中具有重要作用。近年研究发现不同种类脂肪酸在NAFLD中发挥不同作用。目的:探讨不同种类脂肪酸对巨噬细胞M1/M2极化的影响及其可能机制。方法:分别以脂多糖(LPS)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、饱和脂肪酸[棕榈酸(PA)]、多不饱和脂肪酸[二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)]、LPS/IL-4联合PA/DHA处理小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞株,同时设立阴性对照组。采用real-time PCR检测M1型巨噬细胞极化基因[诱生型一氧化氮合酶2(i NOS2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]和M2型巨噬细胞极化基因[精氨酸酶1(ARG1)、甘露糖受体C2(MRC2)]表达;采用蛋白质印迹法检测过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)和磷酸化核因子-κBp65(p NF-κBp65)表达。结果:与阴性对照组比较,LPS组i NOS2、TNF-α表达显著升高(P<0.01;P<0.05),IL-4组ARG1、MRC2表达显著升高(P<0.01;P<0.05),PA组i NOS2、TNF-α、ARG1表达显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01;P<0.05),DHA组i NOS2表达显著降低(P<0.01)。LPS+PA组和IL-4+PA组可进一步影响TNF-α、ARG1表达,但与LPS组、IL-4组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与LPS组比较,LPS+DHA组i NOS2、TNF-α表达显著降低(P<0.05;P<0.05);与IL-4组比较,IL-4+DHA组ARG1表达显著降低(P<0.01)。与阴性对照组比较,PA组、DHA组PPARγ蛋白表达水平显著升高,PA组p NF-κBp65蛋白表达水平显著升高。结论:饱和脂肪酸能诱导巨噬细胞M1/M2混合型极化,而多不饱和脂肪酸则抑制巨噬细胞M1型极化。不同种类脂肪酸可能通过PPARγ/NF-κB相关信号通路参与巨噬细胞M1/M2极化的转化。     

间充质干细胞缓解大鼠急性肺损伤的分子机制

目的探讨间充质干细胞(MSCs)抑制核因子(NF)-κB的活性和抑制亲环素(Cy P)A的表达而缓解急性肺损伤(ALI)的分子机制。方法首先比较脐带和骨髓MSCs的细胞形态、细胞表型、分化能力和免疫能力,并采用全基因组表达芯片比较两者的功能基因表达差异。通过注射脂多糖(LPS)制备SD大鼠ALI模型,研究输注MSCs能否通过抑制Cy PA的表达和抑制NF-κB的活性,进而控制炎症反应的过度激活和抑制氧化应激等,减轻内毒素所致的ALI。结果 CD29在脐带MSCs的阳性表达率低于在骨髓MSCs中的表达率(P<0.01)。聚类分析发现骨髓来源的MSCs中高表达的基因主要集中在免疫相关和骨骼发育相关的基因,而脐带MSCs中高表达的基因主要集中在细胞分化、器官发育和信号转导的相关基因。对SD大鼠ALI损伤模型的研究发现,MSCs干预可减轻LPS对肺组织的损伤程度。LPS组各时间点血浆促炎因子巨噬细胞炎症蛋白(MIP)-2水平显著高于对照组和MSCs+LPS组(P<0.05)。MSCs可显著抑制LPS诱发的炎症因子MIP-2的增高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,LPS组在各时间点Cy PA蛋白表达和TNF-α表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05),而MSCs可以抑制Cy PA的蛋白和TNF-α的表达(P<0.05)。肺组织NF-κB在LPS组增高,MSC干预可有效降低NF-κB表达(P均<0.05)。LPS组肺组织丙二醛(MDA)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性水平在三个时间点均明显高于对照组,在各相应时间点,MSCs+LPS组肺组织MDA和MPO均明显低于LPS组(P均<0.05)。结论脐带MSCs明显降低了大鼠血浆促炎因子的水平,可显著抑制Cy PA的表达,并通过抑制NF-κB的活性减轻了LPS引起的全身炎症反应和氧化应激,减轻了LPS所致的肺损伤。     

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii上清液通过调节单核巨噬细胞减轻DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎

背景:Faecalibacterium prausnitzii(Fp)数量在炎症性肠病(IBD)患者中特异性减少,既往研究显示Fp上清液在实验性结肠炎中具有明显抗炎效应。目的:探讨Fp上清液对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型单核-巨噬细胞和结肠炎症的影响。方法:30只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组、炎症组和Fp治疗组,后两组连续7 d饮用含4.5%DSS的蒸馏水以建立结肠炎模型,Fp治疗组在造模同时予Fp上清液灌胃。观察各组小鼠体质量变化、排便情况和结肠组织病理学改变,以流式细胞术检测脾脏和结肠固有层不同表型单核细胞和巨噬细胞以及外周血细胞因子水平。结果:Fp治疗组小鼠体质量下降、结肠缩短、结肠组织病理学改变均轻于炎症组(P0.05),脾脏和结肠固有层总单核细胞和促炎单核细胞百分率、结肠固有层M1型巨噬细胞百分率均显著低于炎症组(P0.05),结肠固有层M2型巨噬细胞百分率则显著高于炎症组(P0.05),外周血白细胞介素(IL)-10、IL-4水平显著高于炎症组(P0.05),IL-6、干扰素(IFN)-γ、趋化因子CCL2水平显著低于炎症组(P0.05)。结论:Fp上清液可通过减少促炎单核细胞数量、诱导肠道炎症部位巨噬细胞向M2型极化以及促进抗炎细胞因子分泌、抑制促炎细胞因子和趋化因子分泌等途径在小鼠结肠炎中发挥抗炎作用。     

巨噬细胞极化在痛风炎症机制中的研究

痛风性关节炎是一种可涉及一系列复杂的炎症级联扩增反应的自身炎症性疾病, 其区别于其他自身炎性关节病的特征之一是其关节炎症在临床上可表现为自发缓解。促炎因子与抗炎因子动态平衡在痛风炎症自发缓解机制中发挥重要作用。巨噬细胞是人体固有免疫细胞, 在不同的微环境下, 巨噬细胞可极化为促炎的M1型与抗炎的M2型, 不同表型之间的转化贯穿于痛风炎症发生、发展和转归过程。促进巨噬细胞M2型极化可以缓解痛风急性炎症, 故早期调控痛风炎症中M1及M2各亚群之间的平衡成为探索痛风急性炎症新治疗策略的重要切入点。     

巨噬细胞在支气管哮喘中的作用及研究进展

受微环境变化的影响,巨噬细胞分为经典激活的巨噬细胞(M1)和非经典激活的巨噬细胞(M2).M1型巨噬细胞可释放如肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和IL-1β等促炎因子加重炎症反应,也可因极化的增多发挥抗炎作用.M2型巨噬细胞分为M2a、M2b和M2c 3种亚型,M2a及M2b型巨噬细胞主要产生炎性细胞因子如ID4和IL-13,M2c型巨噬细胞主要产生抗炎细胞因子如IL-10并有很强的吞噬功能.细胞因子、趋化因子和免疫调节细胞影响着M1型和M2型巨噬细胞的平衡.巨噬细胞不同的极化在支气管哮喘发生与发展中起到重要的作用.     

姜黄素对不同亚型THP-1来源巨噬细胞表达炎症因子的抑制作用

目的 探讨姜黄素对M0、M1和M23种亚型巨噬细胞表达炎症因子的影响。方法 构建M0型/M1型/M2型巨噬细胞模型以及不同浓度梯度的姜黄素干预组和对照组，通过实时荧光定量PCR及酶联免疫吸附方法分别测定不同分组中TNFα、IL-6以及IL-123种炎症因子的表达。结果 实时荧光定量PCR结果显示，与对照组相比，姜黄素对3种亚型巨噬细胞TNFα、IL-6以及IL-12 mRNA的表达均具有明显抑制作用(P<0.01)，酶联免疫吸附实验也证实姜黄素能抑制以上3种细胞炎症因子的分泌水平(P<0.01)。结论 姜黄素对M0、M1和M23种亚型的巨噬细胞炎症因子表达水平均有不同程度的抑制作用，且呈剂量依赖关系。     

肝巨噬细胞调控肝癌癌前病变恶变的研究进展

肝巨噬细胞是肝脏中重要的免疫细胞,其通过极化为M1型和M2型,分别表达“促炎因子”和“抑炎因子”,进而发挥调控炎症损伤反应的作用。肝祖细胞恶变是肝癌癌前病变恶性进展的核心机制,其发生的关键因素是炎症损伤微环境的持续刺激,与M1/M2巨噬细胞极化密切相关。本综述主要围绕“巨噬细胞极化-慢性炎症-肝祖细胞恶变”关系进行探讨,为肝癌癌前病变的预防和治疗提供重要的理论依据。     

IKKα对缺血再灌注损伤小鼠的保护作用及其对M1与M2型巨噬细胞的影响

目的探讨IκB激酶复合物(IKKα)对缺血再灌注(IR)损伤小鼠的保护作用及其对M1与M2型巨噬细胞的影响。方法 C57BL/6-IKKα条件性基因敲除小鼠(mIKKα~(-/-))及同窝出生的年龄性别匹配的对照组小鼠各9只,各自分为MIRI模型组(6只)和假手术组(3只),以上各组小鼠分别于IR3 d及7 d后进行心脏超声及血流动力学检测;IR模型组于IR3 d及7 d后分别处死(3只),HE及Masson染色进行心肌病理学观察,免疫组织化学法检测心肌组织中炎性因子白细胞介素-12A(IL-12A)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、CD68相对表达量,Western Blot法检测心肌组织中M1/M2型巨噬细胞表型标记物诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、表型标记物(Arg1)蛋白相对表达量,实时荧光定量PCR法检测心肌组织中M1型巨噬细胞表型标记物(iNOS、TNF-α、IL-1β)mRNA的表达量以及促M2巨噬细胞因子[肿瘤坏死因子-β(TGF-β)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)]、M2巨噬细胞Arg1mRNA的表达量。结果与IKKα~(flox/flox)模型组比较,mIKKα~(-/-)模型组IR 3 d及7 d的左心室舒张末期内径(LVIDd)、心肌梗死面积及胶原附着面积、炎性因子IL-12A、IL-10、CD68阳性区域评分、M1型巨噬细胞表型标记物iNOS蛋白量及iNOS、TNF-α和IL-1βRNA的表达量均增加(P0.05);左室射血分数(EF)、左室室壁心肌纤维缩短率(FS)、M2型巨噬细胞表型标记物Arg1蛋白量和Arg1mRNA的表达量均降低(P0.05);促M2巨噬细胞极化因子(TGF-β、IL-10)mRNA表达量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 IKKα对缺血再灌注损伤小鼠的炎症反应具有保护作用,该作用可能与IKKα调节心肌巨噬细胞聚集并向M1型巨噬细胞活化有关。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.