超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查在糖尿病患者甲状腺结节检查中的应用价值

目的探讨糖尿病患者甲状腺结节的诊断中超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学的使用价值。方法选取2017年1—12月间该院收治的糖尿病伴甲状腺结节患者共68例,分别对其行超声及超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查,以术后病理诊断为金标准,对比观察不同检查方法的良、恶性检出率、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果经术后病理证实,68例糖尿病伴甲状腺结节患者中37例为良性,31例为恶性,超声扫描检查出良性24例,恶性20例,其余24例未能明确性质,检出率为64.7%,细针穿刺细胞学检出良性33例,恶性26例,其余9例未能明确性质,检出率为86.8%,两者对比超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学明显优于普通超声扫描,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);超声检查灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显低于细针穿刺细胞学检查,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对糖尿病伴甲状腺结节患者行超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查灵敏度、特异度较高,可为临床治疗提供依据。     

超声、CT、MRI在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值分析

目的探讨超声、CT、MRI在甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法选取我院收治的甲状腺结节患者63例作为研究对象,所有患者均行超声、CT、MRI检查,并给予手术治疗,以术后病理检查结果为金标准,评价这三种检查方法诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的灵敏度、特异度、诊断符合率。结果术后病理检查结果显示,63例患者中良性结节44例、恶性结节19例。超声诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的灵敏度、特异度和诊断符合率分别为63. 16%、68. 18%和66. 67%;CT诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的灵敏度、特异度和诊断符合率分别为78. 95%、95. 45%和90. 48%; MRI诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的灵敏度、特异度和诊断符合率分别为73. 68%、90. 91%和85. 71%。超声、CT、MRI诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的ROC曲线下面积分别为0. 920、0. 947和0. 974。结论超声、CT、MR检查诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的价值均较高,CT检查诊断的灵敏度和特异度均高于超声和MRI检查。     

甲状腺结节细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查的对比研究

目的对比细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查,探讨其对甲状腺结节性质的诊断意义及其临床应用价值。方法选取我院64例甲状腺结节患者行细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查,以术后病理为金标准,对比研究64例甲状腺结节患者细胞学、组织病理学结果与术后病理结果。结果细针抽吸细胞学检查结果的准确率为84.4%;粗针穿刺组织学检查结果的准确率为90.6%;细针抽吸细胞学检查结果与粗针穿刺组织学检查结果经配对χ2检验,P=0.125>0.05,无统计学意义,细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查无显著性差异。结论细针抽吸细胞学与粗针穿刺组织学检查在诊断甲状腺结节性质方面均具有较高的准确性,但粗针穿刺组织学检查在临床实践中应用更为广泛。     

超声造影与弹性成像技术诊断甲状腺实性小结节的比较分析

目的比较超声造影与弹性成像技术对甲状腺实性小结节的鉴别诊断价值。方法选取该院2013-06~2015-10收治的122例甲状腺占位性病变患者(158个甲状腺实性小结节)作为研究对象,所有患者均给予弹性成像与超声造影检查,并以病理检查结果作为标准,比较这两种检查方法对甲状腺实性小结节诊断的敏感度、特异度及准确度等。结果经病理检查良性甲状腺结节91个,恶性67个;超声造影诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为92.54%、93.41%、93.04%;超声弹性成像诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为91.04%、91.21%、91.14%;超声造影联合弹性成像诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为95.52%、96.70%、96.20%。结论超声造影与弹性成像技术对甲状腺实性小结节均具有较高的鉴别诊断价值,二者联合使用可有效提高诊断的准确性。     

甲状腺结节60例细针抽吸细胞学与病理检查的对照分析

目的 :探讨细针抽吸细胞学检查对甲状腺结节性质的诊断价值。方法 :对 6 0例甲状腺结节患者均行细针抽吸细胞学检查 ,而后行手术治疗及病理检查 ,并将两种方法进行对照分析。结果 :6 0例甲状腺结节中 ,细针抽吸结果 :良性 86 .7% ,恶性 13.3% ;手术病理结果 :良性 81.7% ,恶性 18.3%。二者相对照 ,诊断符合者 5 5例 ,诊断符合率为 91.7% ,不符合者 5例 ,其中 3例甲状腺恶性肿瘤误为良性病变。结论 :细针抽吸细胞学检查对甲状腺结节的诊断有一定的参考价值     

B超引导下细针穿刺对触诊阴性甲状腺结节的诊断价值

本研究对75例触诊阴性的甲状腺结节行B超检查及B超引导下的细针穿刺活检.结果 显示B超特征有助于区分触诊阴性的甲状腺结节的良恶性,B超引导下的细针穿刺细胞学检查对其有较高的诊断价值.     

超声引导下细针穿刺对老年患者甲状腺结节的诊断价值

目的探讨超声引导下细针穿刺（fine needle aspiration,FNA）在老年甲状腺结节患者诊断中的价值。方法 2015年1月至2015年6月对40例老年甲状腺结节患者（直径0.6-1.3 cm）行超声引导下FNA检查,以手术病理为标准,评估FNA的准确性以及敏感性。结果所有患者均未发生出血、紧邻脏器及神经损伤等并发症。FNA细胞学诊断敏感性为91.67%,特异性为81.25%,FNA细胞学检查与组织病理学检查结果总体诊断符合率为87.50%。结论超声引导下FNA活检老年患者甲状腺结节是一种安全准确的检查方法。     

细针抽吸细胞学检查诊断甲状腺结节56例

1990～1994年,我们对56例甲状腺结节以细针穿刺抽吸并进行细胞学检查。男8例,女48例;年龄11～71岁。术前细针抽吸细胞学检查(下称术前)诊断为良性结节50例(均为甲状腺腺瘤),恶性结节6例(甲状腺乳头癌3例,甲状腺虑泡癌、甲状腺髓样癌、纤维肉瘤各1例)。56例均行手术及病理学检查(下称术后)。术前诊断为良性结节     

彩色多普勒超声与CT检查诊断甲状腺良恶性肿瘤良恶性的临床应用价值研究

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声和多层螺旋CT检查诊断甲状腺良恶性肿瘤良恶性的临床应用价值。方法选取为2015年5月至2017年10月在我院住院治疗的甲状腺肿瘤患者72例作为研究对象,患者入院后均进行彩色多普勒超声检查,并于1周后行多层螺旋CT检查,两项检查均完成后进行手术切除治疗,术中取病灶组织进行病理检查。以手术病理检查结果作为金标准,评价超声和CT检查诊断甲状腺肿瘤良恶性的灵敏度、特异度和符合率。结果彩色多普勒超声检查显示,72例甲状腺肿瘤患者中良性59例、恶性13例,诊断的灵敏度、特异度和诊断符合率分别为82. 26%、20. 00%、73. 61%;多层螺旋CT检测结果显示,72例甲状腺肿瘤患者中良性58例、恶性14例,诊断的灵敏度、特异度和诊断符合率分别为96. 77%、90. 00%和95. 83%。结论对疑似甲状腺肿瘤的患者可先行B超筛查,对B超检查怀疑为恶性肿瘤的患者可再进一步行CT检查,可有效节省医疗费用、提高诊断的准确率。     

超声弹性成像技术在良恶性甲状腺结节鉴别中的应用价值

目的探讨在良恶性甲状腺结节鉴别诊断中应用超声弹性成像技术的临床价值。方法研究对象选取本医院2014年5月至2016年3月期间被诊断为甲状腺结节病变的68例患者,对所有患者均行超声弹性成像及常规超声检查,比较弹性成像及常规超声结果与病理结果。结果 68例患者经术后病理诊断,甲状腺结节共80个,其中良性结节61个,恶性结节19个;超声弹性成像检查的灵敏度(100.0%)、特异度(80.3%)及准确度(85.0%)明显优于常规超声检查的灵敏度(57.9%)、特异度(49.2%)及准确度(52.5%),两种检查方法差异显著(P0.05)。结论超声弹性成像技术在甲状腺结节的良恶性诊断中具有重要价值,可真实反映甲状腺结节的相对硬度,与常规超声诊断相比其灵敏度、特异度及准确度明显较优,在临床中值得应用推广。     

Functional ultrasound in gastroenterology

Ultrasonography has become increasingly important in the routine diagnostics of gastrointestinal diseases. It is first of all a morphological diagnostic method. As it not only assesses the wall structure of the gallbladder, the pancreatic duct and the whole gastrointestinal tract but also visualises motion sequences as a real-time-method, functional processes and their disruptions can especially be examined. The present authors give a review of the capacity of functional ultrasound in different anatomic zones and critically discuss its practical relevance.     

Therapeutic ultrasound in cardiology

Ultrasound can be exploited to derive therapeutic results by using its bioeffects such as creation of mechanical vibrations, localized cavitations, microstream formation, physicochemical changes and thermal energy. Extensive in vitro and animal investigations during the last 2 decades have laid a foundation for ultrasound energy to be used for treatment purposes in various medical specialties. In the area of cardiovascular diseases, ultrasound could be used for thrombolysis, adjunct to coronary interventions, drug delivery, local gene transfer, and creating therapeutic lesions. The dispensation approaches to therapeutic ultrasound are varied, from the use of low- to medium-range frequency, low to focused high intensity, and catheter-based to external devices. Catheter-based ultrasound could be useful for intracoronary thrombolysis, and external ultrasound instrument with transcutaneous delivery could be of use in applications such as creation of myocardial lesions, peripheral vessel thrombolysis, and drug and gene delivery. Adjunct administration of microbubbles has been found to enhance thrombolysis, and drug and gene therapy. Ongoing studies strongly suggest that therapeutic ultrasound could have an important role in cardiovascular disorders associated with thrombosis, inflammation, atherosclerotic disease, and arrhythmias.     

Doppler ultrasound in mice

Color, power, spectral, and tissue Doppler have been applied to mice. Due to the noninvasive nature of the technique, serial intraindividual Doppler measurements of cardiovascular function are feasible in wild-type and genetically altered mice before and after microsurgical procedures or to follow age-related changes. Fifty-megahertz ultrasound biomicroscopy allows to record the first beats of the embryonic mouse heart at somite stage 5, and the first Doppler-flow signals can be recorded after the onset of intrauterine cardiovascular function at somite stage 7. Using 10- to 20-MHz ultrasound transducers in the mouse embryo, cardiac, and circulatory function can be studied as early as 7.5 days after postcoital mucous plug. Postnatal Doppler ultrasound examinations in mice are possible from birth to senescent age. Several strain-, age-, and gender-related differences of Doppler ultrasound findings have been reported in mice. Results of Doppler examinations are influenced by the experimental settings as stress testing or different forms of anesthesia. This review summarizes the present status of Doppler ultrasound examinations in mice and animal handling in the framework of a comprehensive phenotype characterization of cardiac contractile and circulatory function.     

Intravascular ultrasound in cardiology

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a clinically useful tool that provides cross-sectional images of the coronary arterial lumen and wall. Diagnostic applications of IVUS include the evaluation of ambiguous lesions on angiography particularly at the bifurcations. IVUS is also useful in the assessment of coronary vasculopathy in cardiac transplant patients or it can help to diagnose abnormalities such as syndrome X or coronary artery spasm. IVUS can optimize the performing of percutaneous coronary interventions, especially stent implantation. It represents as well an optimal tool for assessing regression of atherosclerosis. Three-dimensional reconstruction, elastography and imaging guide wires are some of the recent advances in the field of intravascular ultrasound.     

Value of ultrasound diagnosis in vasculitis

Ohne Zusammenfassung Correspondence to Wolfgang A. Schmidt     

Role of ultrasound in colorectal diseases

Ultrasound is an undervalued non-invasive examination in the diagnosis of colonic diseases. It has been replaced by the considerably more expensive magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, despite the fact that, as first examination, it can usefully supplement the diagnostic process. Transabdominal ultrasound can provide quick information about bowel status and help in the choice of adequate further examinations and treatment. Ultrasonography,as a screening imaging modality in asymptomatic patients can identify several colonic diseases such as diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease or cancer. In addition, it is widely available, cheap, non-invasive technique without the use of ionizing radiation, therefore it is safe to use in childhood or during pregnancy, and can be repeated at any time. New ultrasound techniques such as elastography, contrast enhanced and Doppler ultrasound, miniprobes rectal and transperineal ultrasonography have broadened the indication. It gives an overview of the methodology of various ultrasound examinations, presents the morphology of normal bowel wall and the typical changes in different colonic diseases. We will pay particular attention to rectal and transperineal ultrasound because of their outstanding significance in the diagnosis of rectal and perineal disorders. This article seeks to overview the diagnostic impact and correct indications of bowel ultrasound.     

Role of ultrasound in microcrystalline arthritis

Ultrasound is a new imaging technique that allows accurately visualize normal and pathological musculoskeletal structures and provide real-time information on the vascular flow. There are a number of ultrasound elemental lesions that alone or in combination are characteristics of gout and chondrocalcinosis. Gout ultrasound is proving to be valid in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease, both in acute as in the chronic and even in asymptomatic hyperuricemia and it is probably the most reliable technique for assessing the size and reduction of tophy. In chondrocalcinosis ultrasound is also proving a superior diagnostic value to other imaging techniques and possibly in the future may be used to monitoring treatment response.