半环式外固定架骨延长治疗儿童下肢短缩畸形

目的：介绍应用半环式外固定架渐进性骨牵伸／加压技术治疗儿童下肢短缩的经验。方法：单纯下肢短缩采用股骨远端或胫骨近端横行截骨,半环式外固定架牵伸延长,胫骨骨缺损、骨不连性肢体短缩除截骨延长外,还将假关节端修整丰杨互嵌合的“Ｖ”形并加压。结果：１６例患儿骨延长４～８ｃｍ,平均４．７ｃｍ,均达预期长度。结论：半环式外固定架骨延长治疗儿童下肢短缩畸形疗效满意。合并骨缺损、骨不连的肢体短缩是应用半式或外回定     

T型外固定架楔型骨延长治疗膝内外翻

目的 :探讨T型外固定架楔型骨延长术在膝内外翻矫形中的应用效果。方法 :做股骨髁上或胫骨干骺端“C”型皮质骨截骨 ,截骨线两侧穿针安装单侧多功能T型外固定架 ,利用T型臂侧万向活动轴楔型骨延长。结果 :34例47膝中 32例 44膝获 1～ 3年随访 ,均获骨性愈合 ,矫正畸形 10°～ 2 3° ,平均 17°。身高增加 1～ 1.5cm ,无严重针道感染、神经血管损伤、畸形愈合及关节功能障碍等并发症。结论 :T型外固定架楔型骨延长治疗成人膝内外翻畸形创伤小 ,术式简便 ,可控制性矫形 ,可增加身高 ,疗效可靠 ,值得推广。     

Ilizarov外固定架治疗胫骨骨缺损及骨短缩

目的探讨应用Ilizarov外固定架治疗胫骨骨不连及骨缺损的方法及临床疗效。方法对19例胫骨骨不连及骨短缩患者（肢体短缩4~17cm,平均9cm）,根据Iuizarov治疗原则,采用微创截骨、直接拉伸延长或骨段滑移术修复骨缺损和延长肢体,在连续硬膜外麻醉下手术置入外固定架。骨不连者调整外固定架使骨断端对合并加压;骨缺损短缩者则做骨段搬移术或直接拉长。定期复查X片,直至骨愈合满意后拆除外固定架。结果本组术后经1～5年随访。所有骨缺损愈合,肢体长度恢复正常或接近正常,感染无复发。结论Ilizalov外固定架技术是治疗胫骨大段骨缺损的有效方法。软组织感染创面可在骨段滑移中逐渐缩小并闭合,骨感染可在骨段滑移中逐渐被控制并随骨连接而愈合。     

闭式截骨外固定架固定治疗膝外翻畸形

自1999年4月至2003年5月，我院对9例膝外翻畸形用闭式截骨外固定架固定治疗，临床效果满意，现总结报告如下。     

同期跟腱延长及胫骨延长术治疗合并马蹄足的下肢短缩畸形

目的：介绍应用半环式外固定架渐进性骨牵伸延长并同期行跟腱延长术治疗合并马蹄足的下肢短缩畸形的经验。方法：36例合并马蹄足的下肢短缩患者同期行跟腱延长及胫骨延长术,骨延长采用胫骨上端舌型截骨或胫骨上端骨骺牵开。半环式外固定架缓慢延长。结果：36例患者骨延长4-9cm,平均6.5cm。均达预期长度,马蹄足畸形矫正和功能恢复达到术前设计的矫正效果。结论：本术式能减少合并马蹄足的下肢短缩畸形矫正手术次数和术后畸形发生,并有利于术后功能锻炼。     

Ilizarov骨延长术治疗尺桡骨短缩并腕关节畸形

[目的]总结Ilizarov骨延长术治疗尺桡骨短缩并腕关节畸形的临床经验,探讨该方法的临床疗效及注意事项。[方法]2011年5月~2016年7月,对12例尺桡骨短缩并腕关节畸形患者,应用Ilizarov环形外固定架固定结合尺骨或桡骨截骨,矫正弯曲畸形及关节脱位,同期行延长术进行治疗。[结果]所有患者尺桡骨弯曲、短缩及腕关节畸形均得到矫正,术后随访6~52个月,延长4~6.10 cm,平均5 cm。桡尺远侧关节稳定,截骨部位愈合良好,腕关节屈曲、背伸活动良好,旋转功能改善,手指活动良好,无不良并发症。[结论]Ilizarov骨延长术治疗尺桡骨短缩并腕关节畸形能够改善外观及功能,损伤小,并发症少,是一种较为可靠有效的方法。     

一期有轨加压延长治疗股骨骨不连伴骨短缩畸形

目的探讨一期有轨加压延长治疗骨不连伴骨短缩畸形的可行性及效果。方法对6例股骨骨不连伴短缩畸形(短缩:5~7 cm,平均5.6 cm)采用断端修整、加压,近端或远端截骨延长,髓内针与外固定架为加压及延长提供轨道和动力。结果 6例均获得随访平均11.8(8~18)个月,骨不连部位获得骨愈合,患肢恢复长度。平均外固定时间7.4(6~9)个月,外固定指数平均1.48(1.34~1.58)months/cm。结论一期行骨不连部位修整加压,另一部位截骨延长治疗骨不连伴骨短缩畸形是可行的,髓内针固定的同时使用外固定支架延长可以减少并发症,缩短戴架时间。     

骨外固定技术治疗创伤性肢体短缩畸形

目的探讨创伤性肢体短缩畸形的骨外固定技术治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1992年1月～2006年6月采用骨外固定技术治疗62例（68侧）患者资料。肢体短缩4。16cm，平均5．7cm。其中，单纯短缩9侧（短缩4～8cm，平均5．3cm），短缩伴骨不连21侧（短缩4～7cm，平均5．6cm），短缩伴骨缺损38侧（短缩4～16cm，平均7．2cm；骨缺损2～11cm，平均3．8cm），18侧合并感染。分别采用干骺端截骨延长、骨端端加压结合肢体延长和骨节段性转位延长术。结果68侧经1．5～5．0年（平均3．5年）随访，所有骨不连3～7个月内愈合（平均5．0个月），肢体长度恢复，延长区平均骨愈合指数37d／cm，感染病例无复发，外固定器针道感染率7．3％。结论骨外固定技术治疗创伤性肢体短缩畸形方法简便，既可修复骨缺损又能恢复肢体长度，并可同时治疗骨感染，疗效满意。     

半环槽式外固定架治疗下肢短缩畸形及骨缺损

目的探讨应用半环槽式外固定架治疗下肢短缩畸形及骨缺损的手术方式和经验。方法单纯下肢短缩畸形者,分别采用股骨远端、胫骨近端或胫骨远端干骺端横行截骨,半环槽式外固定架缓慢牵伸逐渐延长;骨缺损、骨不连、假关节形成、肢体短缩者,除行干骺端截骨延长外,还必须将假关节处两骨端予以修整,使之略成“V”形互相对合嵌插,并加压固定。结果20例患者骨延长3～17cm,平均延长7.5cm,合并成角畸形者同时得到纠正,其中7例有骨缺损、骨不连、假关节形成者均得到良好愈合。结论半环槽式外固定架治疗下肢短缩畸形及骨缺损,具有方法简单、手术创伤小、不需要植骨、固定可靠、并发症少、疗效满意等优点,值得推广应用。     

外固定支架治疗儿童股骨骨缺损及肢体短缩

[目的]探讨外固定支架行骨痂延长治疗儿童股骨化脓性骨髓炎后骨缺损及肢体短缩的疗效.[方法]采用外固定支架对27例儿童(平均12.8岁)股骨化脓性骨髓炎后骨缺损及肢体短缩的患者行骨痂延长术,术前患肢平均骨缺损长度1.2 cm(1.0～1.7 cm),患肢平均短缩4.3 cm(3.0～6.8 cm).[结果] 随访30～112个月(平均86个月),骨不连接处全部愈合,骨延长区骨生长满意.骨延长4.0～8.0 cm,平均6.1cm,平均外固定指数39.2 d/cm(36.8-48.4 d/cm).依据Paley的评定标准,骨愈合情况评定:优21例,良6例;功能评定:优19例,良8例.[结论] 外固定支架行骨痂延长是治疗儿童股骨化脓性骨髓炎后骨缺损及肢体短缩的可靠方法.     

Ilizarov外固定架治疗痉挛型脑瘫屈膝畸形

目的：探讨应用软组织矫形加用Ilizarov外固定架矫治痉挛型脑瘫屈膝畸形的方法和疗效。方法：依据Ilizarov张力一应力法则及其应用技术，按个体化要求，安装Ilizarov外固定架，在外固定架屈侧设置2个铰链关节便于撑开，伸侧设置1个铰链关节便于加压。术后3～5d，待患者腿部疼痛、麻木感减轻后开始屈侧撑开，伸侧加压，每日屈侧延长2mm左右。定期检查克氏针的张力，以免固定松动。每2周摄X线片复查，根据目测观察膝关节矫正角度及X线表现及时修正延长、矫形方案。患者3-6周后膝关节角度就可完全矫正，在过伸10°置维持3周，即可拆除Ilizarov外固定架，活动膝关节，然后佩戴下肢伸直位支具行走2-3个月。2例因术前合并股骨下段前弓畸形，Ⅱ期实施股骨髁上截骨术矫正。结果：21例36个膝关节，术前屈膝畸形平均（80．61±25．51）°，矫正后屈曲角度平均（8．91±2．39）°。21例，36个关节平均随访5个月，其中32个关节维持牵伸术后的效果，4个关节屈膝畸形部分复发，平均（9．32±7．33）°。结论：正确使用Ilizarov技术矫治痉挛型脑瘫屈膝畸形，疗效满意，并发症少，是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Salvage of infected total knee arthroplasty with Ilizarov external fixator

Background:

Knee arthrodesis may be the only option of treatment in cases of chronic infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with concomitant irreparable extensor mechanism disruption, extensive bone loss or severe systemic morbidities. Circular external fixation offers possible progressive adjustment to stimulate the bony fusion and to make corrections in alignment. We evaluated the results of knee arthrodesis with one or two stage circular external fixator for infected TKA.

Materials and Methods:

16 cases of femoro-tibial fusion were retrospectively evaluated. Male-to-female ratio was 10:6. Mean age of the patients was 62.2 years. Cierney-Mader classification was used for anatomical and physiological evaluation while the bone stock deficiency was classified into mild, moderate and severe. Surgical technique involved either single or two stage arthrodesis using circular external fixator.

Results:

Union was achieved in 15 patients (93.75%). The mean duration for union (frame application time) in these patients was 28.33 weeks (range 22 to 36 weeks). Analysis showed that in the group with frame application time of less than 28 weeks, the incidence of mild to moderate bone deficiency was 83.33%, while in the frame application time more than 28 weeks group the incidence was 20% (P-value 0.034). Similarly the incidence of Cierney-Mader 4B (Bl, Bs, Bls) was found to be 33.33% in the group of frame application time of less than 28 weeks, while it was 90% in the group with frame application time more than 28 weeks (P-value 0.035).

Conclusion:

Circular external fixator is a safe and reliable method to achieve knee arthrodesis in cases of deep infection following TKA. Severe bone stock deficiency and Cierney- Mader type B host are likely risk factors for prolonged frame application time. We recommend a two-stage procedure especially when there is compromised host or severe bone loss.     

Knee arthrodesis with the Ilizarov external fixator as treatment for septic failure of knee arthroplasty

Background  

The authors report the results of femoral–tibial fusion with an Ilizarov circular external fixator following septic loosening of knee prosthesis.     

Use of the Ilizarov external fixator in the treatment of patients with Ollier's disease

The authors present the results of treatment of 10 patients with Ollier's disease using the Ilizarov technique. The Ilizarov device was used to treat leg length discrepancy and to enhance the conversion of chondroma cartilage into normal mature bone, with no curettage and bone grafting. The mean duration of treatment was 9.4 months. This technique was highly efficient in treating the disease. It led to conversion of the abnormal cartilage into histologically mature bone in all patients. Some complications were seen, such as decreased knee mobility, which required prolonged use of the device. The Ilizarov technique is successful in treating patients with Ollier's disease despite some complications and the difficulty in using the technique.     

组合式外固定器治疗合并患肢短缩的足踝部畸形

背景：传统的足踝部畸形的矫正需要通过手术来完成,术后需要“静态”的维持。Ilizarov技术遵循的“张力-应力法则”和“牵拉组织再生技术”,在一定程度上打破了传统的矫形模式。目的：探讨Ilizarov技术治疗合并患肢短缩的足踝部畸形的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析2006年8月至2012年10月采用Ilizarov技术治疗的17例下肢及足踝部畸形患者的临床资料。其中男10例,女7例,年龄20~37岁,平均27.5岁。脊髓灰质炎后遗症导致患肢短缩合并足踝负重位外翻畸形患者5例,先天性马蹄内翻足合并患肢短缩7例,高弓足合并患肢短缩3例,跟腱挛缩、仰趾畸形合并患肢短缩2例。所有患者在有限手术重建足踝部软组织平衡或者截骨矫正畸形后安装Ilizarov组合式外固定支架,同时做胫骨的延长。结果：17例患者佩戴Ilizarov支架的时间是16~44周,足踝部矫形支架在3~6个月矫形满意、骨融合确实后单独拆除,骨延长支架根据需要继续佩戴。所有患者都获得随访,随访时间6~48个月,患肢延长2~6 cm,延长段骨矿化满意,足踝部矫形满意。足踝功能参照AOFAS评分：术前（43±5.1）分,术后（76±7.2）分。结论：对于各种原因导致的合并下肢短缩的足踝部畸形的矫治,Ilizarov技术灵活的器械组合可同时完成多方向的畸形矫正,在矫正畸形的同时实施骨延长术。     

Versatility of Ilizarov external fixator in management of foot and ankle deformity

Abstract Traditional methods of correcting foot deformities may be difficult to apply in some conditions, especially in presence of other lower limb problems. This study discusses the versatility of Ilizarov external fixator (IEF) in such cases. It was performed in 34 foot deformities in 33 patients, treated with IEF between 1997 and 1999. The average age of the patients was 15 years. The aetiology of foot deformity was recurrent congenital talipes equinovarus (n=10), neglected congenital talipes equinovarus (n=3), poliomyelitis (n=9), post-traumatic deformity (n=6), post-burn deformity (n=1), arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (n=2), and cerebral palsy, fibular hemimelia and tibial hemimelia (1 case each). Unconstrained IEF was applied for the foot in all cases. The leg construct was applied according to the target: foot deformity alone or associated with other leg problems. IEF construct was extended to the femur in cases with flexion knee deformity and hinges were added. Follow-up continued until overcorrection was maintained for the same period of correction followed by an appropriate cast for 8 weeks. The mean time for deformity correction and Ilizarov stabilisation was 16 weeks, and follow-up period was 23.1 months. The results were good in 31, fair in 2 and bad in 1. Additional procedures were performed, most often in the same operating time. Primary arthrodesis was done for 5 feet and for one revision of failed previous arthrodesis. Open corrective osteotomy for arthrodesis was performed in 2 cases. Two females were treated for flexion knee with bloodless technique. Wire-site infections, wire cut-through a calcaneum and metatarsals and fracture post-IEF removal were observed. Although it is technically difficult, IEF can be considered an effective and versatile way of treating foot and other associated lower limb problems through one-reconstruction attack.     

单边轨道式延长外固定支架牵张治疗肱骨短缩合并近端畸形

目的探讨应用单边轨道式延长外固定支架治疗肱骨短缩合并近端畸形的疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年3月至2018年4月上海交通大学附属第六人民医院骨科采用单边轨道式外固定支架治疗的10例肱骨短缩合并近端畸形患者资料。男8例,女2例;年龄15~27岁,平均19.6岁。肱骨短缩伴近端内翻8例,伴肱骨近端内翻并后凸畸形2例;肱骨短缩6~11 cm,平均8.5 cm。上臂外侧置入半钉,安装单边外固定支架,于近端截骨后即时矫正肱骨近端畸形,中段截骨后予以缓慢延长。根据Cattaneo等制定的标准评价肢体功能。结果所有患者术后均获随访,时间15~41个月(平均20个月)。延长长度5~12 cm(平均7.5 cm);肩关节外展幅度平均为160°(130°~180°),比术前(平均90°)改善。9例患者延长区成骨良好,1例因延长区成骨不良,进行了自体髂骨移植后愈合。未出现钉道深部感染、桡神经损伤等并发症。肢体功能根据Cattaneo等的标准:8例9侧肢体为优,2例为良。结论单边轨道式延长外固定支架是治疗肱骨短缩合并近端畸形的可靠选择,掌握外固定支架安装技术,防治并发症可以获得满意的疗效。