2型糖尿病肾病患者血清内脂素水平的变化及其与氧化应激的关系

目的观察2型糖尿病肾病(T2DN)患者血清内脂素水平的变化及其与氧化应激的关系。方法分别测定30例正常对照组(NC组)、单纯2型糖尿病(T2DM组)、T2DN组患者血清内脂素、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的水平。结果 T2DM组血清内脂素和MDA明显高于NC组(均P<0.01),T2DN组血清内脂素和MDA明显高于T2DM组(均P<0.01)。T2DN组血清SOD和CAT明显低于T2DM组(P<0.01),T2DN患者血清内脂素与体质指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、HOMA-IR、甘油三酯(TG)和MDA呈明显正相关(r=0.418,r=0.475,r=0.359,r=0.427,r=0.518,r=0.522,均P<0.01),与SOD和CAT呈明显负相关(r=-0.583,r=-0.469,均P<0.01)。结论T2DN患者血清内脂素水平升高,同时存在氧化应激,内脂素与氧化应激相互作用和相互影响,共同参与T2DN的发生发展。     

利拉鲁肽对2型糖尿病患者血浆网膜素影响的研究

目的 探讨T2DM患者血浆网膜素水平的变化及利拉鲁肽治疗对网膜素水平的影响.方法 采用酶联免疫法测定T2DM患者及正常人血浆网膜素水平,分析血浆网膜素水平与BMI、WHR、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛β细胞分泌指数(HOMA-IS)、FFA等的关系,观察利拉鲁肽治疗前后T2DM患者血浆网膜素水平的变化. 结果 T2DM患者血浆网膜素水平明显低于正常人[(19.3±3.9)vs(26.4±6.0) μg/L,P＜0.01].T2DM患者血浆网膜素水平与FIns、HOMA-IR呈负相关(r=-0.41,P＜0.05和r=-0.56,P＜0.01).T2DM患者经利拉鲁肽治疗后WHR、BMI、FPG、2hPG和HbA1c均显著降低(P均＜0.01),而HOMA-IS则显著增高(P＜0.01),空腹血浆网膜素水平也显著增高[(19.3±3.9)vs(21.2±3.8)μg/L,P＜0.01]. 结论 利拉鲁肽能有效改善T2DM患者糖代谢和IS,同时升高血浆网膜素水平.     

老年高血压患者外周血内脂素水平变化与氧化应激及促炎因子的关系

目的分析老年高血压患者外周血内脂素水平变化与氧化应激的促炎因子的关系。方法老年高血压患者40例为观察组,老年健康体检者50例为对照组。检测并对比两组外周血内脂素、炎症因子及氧化应激指标。结果观察组内脂素水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01),观察组血清白细胞介素(IL)-6水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组C反应蛋白(CRP)水平显著高于对照组,且超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。相关性分析显示,观察组外周血内脂素水平与IL-6(r=0.630,P<0.01)及CRP(r=0.883,P<0.01)呈正相关,与SOD(r=-0.872,P<0.01)呈负相关。结论老年高血压患者外周血内脂素水平显著升高,且与氧化应激及促炎因子水平密切相关,具有一定临床检测价值。     

血浆尾加压素Ⅱ水平与老年糖尿病合并高血压的关系

目的 探讨血浆尾加压素Ⅱ(UⅡ)、内皮素(ET)、肾上腺髓质素(ADM)、一氧化氮(NO)水平变化与老年糖尿病合并高血压的关系.方法 测定30例血压正常、46例合并高血压老年2型糖尿病患者和30例正常对照组血浆UⅡ、ET、ADM、NO水平,分析患者血浆UⅡ、ET、ADM、NO水平变化与老年糖尿病合并高血压的关系.结果 老年糖尿病合并高血压患者血浆UⅡ、ET、ADM水平较血压正常老年糖尿病患者明显升高,血浆NO水平明显降低(均P＜0.01).老年糖尿病合并高血压患者血浆UⅡ、ET、ADM水平与患者平均动脉压(MAP)呈明显正相关(r=0.617,r=0.596,r=0.682,均P＜0.01),血浆NO水平与MAP呈明显负相关(r=-0.537,P＜0.01).结论 老年糖尿病患者血浆UⅡ、ET、ADM水平升高、NO水平降低在老年糖尿病合并高血压的发生发展中起重要作用.     

2型糖尿病下肢血管病变患者血浆网膜素-1水平变化及其与hs-CRP的相关性

目的探讨联合检测血浆网膜素-1和高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)在2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者下肢血管病变(PAD)中的水平变化及相关性。方法选择该院2011年1月至2013年12月收治的T2DM患者102例,依据是否合并PAD分为PAD组(n=54)和下肢血管正常组(NPAD组,n=48),并选取同时期来该院体检的健康者作为正常对照组(NC组,n=50)。检测各组患者血浆网膜素-1和hs-CRP水平,分析PAD组患者血浆网膜素-1与hs-CRP的相关性。结果 NPAD组和PAD组血浆网膜素-1水平均显著低于NC组,且PAD组低于NPAD组(均P<0.01);NPAD组和PAD组血浆hs-CRP水平分别均显著高于NC组,且PAD组高于NPAD组(均P<0.01);PAD组患者血浆网膜素-1与hs-CRP呈负相关(r=-0.543,P<0.01)。结论 T2DM并PAD患者血浆网膜素-1水平显著降低,网膜素-1水平与炎症因子hs-CRP关系密切,二者对预测T2DM患者PAD的发生发展和预后具有重要价值。     

2型糖尿病血清脂联素与心血管相关标志物相关性的研究

目的检测老年糖尿病(DM)患者血清脂联素(APN)与3个心血管相关标志物水平并探讨二者之间的相关关系。方法将70例老年受试者分为3组:正常对照组、老年DM未合并大血管病变组(DM1)和老年DM合并大血管病变组(DM2),检测血清APN与心血管相关标志物-血浆C反应蛋白(c-reactive protein,CRP)、Ⅰ型血浆纤溶酶原活化抑制剂(plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1,PAI-1)和血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrx metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)的水平变化。结果从正常对照组、DM1到DM2组血清APN水平依次下降,各组间差别均具有显著意义(均P<0.01)从正常对照组、DM1到DM2组,CRP、PAI-1、MMP-9的水平逐渐升高,CRP、PAI-1升高在各组间均具有显著性(均P<0.05),MMP-9在DM2组开始出现显著升高(P<0.01),DM1组较正常对照组升高没有显著意义。APN水平与CRP、PAI-1、腰围、BMI、WHR及FBG、2h PBG、HbA1C、TG呈显著负相关。多元逐步回归分析显示APN与CRP(r2=0.18)、PAI-1(r2=0.16)、WHR(r2=0.21)及HbA1C(r2=0.19)具有高度的相关性(均P<0.05)结论APN可能是老年DM动脉粥样硬化发生发展中的保护因素。     

上海地区2型糖尿病患者血清超氧化物歧化酶水平及其影响因素的分析

目的测定上海地区T2DM患者血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,分析其影响因素。方法选取T2DM患者(T2DM组)452例和健康体检者(NC组)60名,测定血清SOD、C-P、HbA1c、FPG、LDL-C、TG及TC水平。结果 T2DM组血清SOD水平低于NC组[(132.25±21.43)vs(156.64±18.77)U/ml,P0.05]。在T2DM组中,男性血清SOD水平高于女性[(135.38±22.62)vs(129.36±19.88)U/ml,P0.01];49岁以下各年龄段男性血清SOD水平均高于女性(P0.01),而50岁以上各年龄段男性与女性血清SOD水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);男性患者中,20~29岁年龄段血清SOD水平最高,≥70岁年龄段SOD水平最低,各年龄段水平比较,差异有统计学意义(F=24.56,P0.001);女性患者中,20~29岁年龄段血清SOD水平最高,70~86岁年龄段SOD水平最低,各年龄段水平比较,差异有统计学意义(F=13.75,P0.001);T2DM患者血清SOD水平与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.531,P0.001);Logistic逐步回归分析显示,血清SOD水平降低与HbA1c浓度异常相关。结论T2DM患者血清SOD水平低于正常人,且受性别、年龄、血糖、血脂等因素的影响。     

肾衰竭患者静脉铁剂诱导的氧化应激状态及硫辛酸干预作用的研究

目的 观察慢性肾衰竭患者由静脉铁剂诱导的氧化应激,探讨硫辛酸对其的预防作用.方法 慢性肾衰竭非透析患者20例,每位患者均先后接受单纯静脉铁剂治疗(Fe组)及硫辛酸预防性处理(LA Fe组).测定并分析静脉铁剂滴注前(0小时)和滴注后1小时、2小时及3小时血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)、丙二醛(MDA)水平的变化.结果 Fe组血清SOD、GSH-px水平下降,在1小时时达谷值(P<0.01,P<0.05),血清MDA水平明显升高,在1小时时达峰值(P<0.01).LA Fe组血清SOD、GSH-px及MDA水平变化趋势与Fe组相似,但与Fe组比较,血清SOD、GSH-px水平在各时间点均有显著性升高(P<0.01),MDA水平在各时间点均显著下降(P<0.01).结论 慢性肾衰竭患者接受静脉铁剂治疗时,可以诱导氧化应激反应在短期内急性加剧.静脉铁剂应用前静脉滴注硫辛酸可在一定程度上减轻这种氧化应激状态.     

原发性高血压患者血清可溶性细胞间粘附因子(sICAM-1)与一氧化氮、过氧化脂质水平相关性的研究

目的检测原发性高血压患者血清可溶性细胞间粘附因子(sICAM-1)水平并探讨其与一氧化氮(NO)及过氧化脂质水平的相关性.方法采用ELISA法测定血清sICAM-1浓度,分别用硝酸还原酶法、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法及黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测NO水平、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性.结果与正常对照组相比,65例原发性高血压病患者血清sICAM-1浓度和MDA含量升高(P＜0.01),而NO水平和SOD活性降低(P＜0.01).相关分析发现血清sICAM-1浓度和MDA含量呈正相关(r=0.94,P＜0.01),而与NO水平和SOD活性水平呈负相关(r=-0.58、r=-0.93,P值均＜0.01).结论原发性高血压患者血清sICAM-1明显升高,且与机体氧化应激增强及NO降低有关.     

原发性高血压并发颈动脉粥样硬化患者血清HCY水平与氧化应激的相关性

目的通过观察原发性高血压(EH)患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CAIMT)和血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、丙二醛(MDA)水平及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,探讨EH并发颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)患者血清HCY与氧化应激的相关性。方法选择2014-01~2016-12在该院就诊的266例EH患者为研究对象,以同期体检健康者50名作为对照组。检测CAIMT(彩色多普勒超声仪)和血清HCY(循环酶法)、MDA(TBA法)水平及SOD活性(比色法),并进行统计学对比分析。结果 (1)EH患者并发CAS发生率为62.8%(167/266),与其年龄、病情及病程有关,与性别差异无关。(2)EH并发CAS组与对照组比较,血清HCY和MDA水平显著升高(t=7.118、6.326,P0.05),SOD活性显著降低(t=12.809,P0.01)。(3)血清HCY水平与MDA水平呈显著正相关(r=0.493,P0.05),与血清SOD活性呈显著负相关(r=-0.562,P0.05)。结论EH并发CAS患者血清HCY水平显著升高,氧化应激反应增强,血清HCY水平与氧化应激显著相关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.