老年冠心病接受支架置入患者治疗中序贯与强化剂量阿托伐他汀对临床疗效及血清学指标的影响

目的研究老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)接受支架置入患者治疗中序贯与强化剂量阿托伐他汀对临床疗效及血清学指标的影响。方法选取2015年3月至2016年4月于临沂市人民医院就诊的老年冠心病患者177例作为研究对象,所有患者均首次接受支架置入。按随机数字表法将所有患者分为对照组(n=88)和研究组(n=89)。其中对照组患者给予阿托伐他汀强化剂量治疗,研究组患者给予阿托伐他汀序贯剂量治疗。对比两组患者治疗前后血压水平、射血分数(EF)、血清学指标,治疗后12个月时主要心脏不良事件(MACE),治疗后12个月时冠状动脉(冠脉)造影结果及治疗期间内不良反应。结果两组患者收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)均明显低于治疗前,EF明显高于各自治疗前,且均有统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后1个月和治疗后12个月的三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均明显低于各自治疗前,治疗后12个月的TG、LDL-C均明显低于各自治疗后1个月,研究组患者治疗后12个月的TG、LDL-C均明显高于对照组,且均有统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者对比治疗后12个月的MACE发生均无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后12个月的冠脉造影结果对比无统计学差异(P0.05)。随访12个月期间内,无新发糖尿病、肌痛等并发症发生,无肝酶异常。结论老年冠心病接受支架置入患者治疗过程中,序贯剂量与强化剂量在血压水平、射血分数、血清学指标、MACE和冠脉造影方面无明显差异,且序贯剂量可减少服药数量,优化药物治疗,值得临床推广。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年冠心病患者空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白的影响

目的探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年冠心病患者空腹血糖(FG)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的影响。方法入选108例伴有高胆固醇血症的老年冠心病患者,分为低剂量组(阿托伐他汀10 mg,n=42)和高剂量组(阿托伐他汀20 mg,n=66),所有患者于治疗前和治疗8 w后测定FG和HbA1c,并比较两组不良反应发生率。结果高剂量组患者较低剂量组患者的LDL-C水平明显降低(P<0.05)。低剂量阿托伐他汀有升高HbA1c和FG的趋势,但没有统计学差异(P>0.05),而高剂量阿托伐他汀连续服用8 w后可以明显升高HbA1c和FG水平(P<0.05)。低剂量组发现1例糖耐量异常患者、高剂量组发现3例糖耐量异常患者,并有1例新发糖尿病患者。治疗后没有发现ALT或CK明显升高(P>0.05)。结论老年冠心病患者服用20 mg阿托伐他汀降低LDL-C的同时,有导致糖耐量异常的风险,临床在长期服用大剂量阿托伐他汀的同时,应注意监测FG和HbA1c。     

阿托伐他汀序贯治疗对老年冠状动脉介入手术对比剂应用后肾功能的影响

目的观察阿托伐他汀序贯治疗对老年患者冠状动脉介入手术对比剂应用后肾功能的影响。方法 80例冠状动脉介入手术老年患者随机分为阿托伐他汀组和对照组,各40例,阿托伐他汀组于冠状动脉介入手术前给予阿托伐他汀序贯治疗(术前12 h阿托伐他汀80 mg,术前2 h阿托伐他汀40 mg,术后40 mg/d),对照组术前及术后均给予其他调脂药常规治疗,观察术前及术后第1天、第2天血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、血浆光抑素C(CysC)、肾小球滤过率(GFR)的变化。结果术前两组间Scr、BUN、Ccr、CysC、GFR均无显著变化(P>0.05),阿托伐他汀组术前术后CysC、GFR均无显著变化(P>0.05);术后第1天及第2天两组间CysC、GFR比较,阿托伐他汀组GFR显著高于对照组(P<0.05),CysC显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀序贯治疗能够预防老年患者冠状动脉介入手术对比剂应用后肾功能恶化。     

阿托伐他汀序贯治疗对老年中、重度慢性肾病患者冠状动脉介入术后对比剂肾病的影响

目的观察阿托伐他汀序贯治疗对老年中、重度慢性肾病(CKD)患者冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后对比剂肾病(CIN)是否具有预防作用。方法入选186例接受PCI治疗的老年中、重度CKD患者,随机分为阿托伐他汀组(96例)和对照组(90例),阿托伐他汀组术前予阿托伐他汀序贯治疗(术前12 h阿托伐他汀80 mg,术前2 h阿托伐他汀40 mg,术后40 mg/d),对照组术前及术后均予其他他汀常规治疗,观察术前、术后第1天、第2天及第3天血肌酐(SCr)、血浆胱抑素C(Cys C)的变化及CIN的发生率。结果 PCI术后对照组中SCr峰值、△SCr、Cys C峰值及△Cys C均显着高于阿托伐他汀组(P0.05)。根据SCr标准的CIN,对照组20例(22.2%),阿托伐他汀组10例(10.4%),CIN的发生率对照组显著高于阿托伐他汀组(P0.05)。根据Cys C标准的CIN,对照组28例(31.1%),阿托伐他汀组14例(14.6%),对照组中CIN的发病率明显高于阿托伐他汀组(P0.01)。结论阿托伐他汀序贯治疗能够预防老年中、重度CKD患者PCI术对比剂应用后肾功能恶化。     

老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者应用阿托伐他汀治疗的效果及对血管内皮功能的影响

目的观察阿托伐他汀治疗老年冠心病合并糖尿病的临床效果及对血管内皮功能的影响。方法选择2016年5月—2017年2月收治的年龄≥60岁的冠心病合并糖尿病患者80例,均给予稳定血压、降血糖、保护心肌细胞、抗血小板聚集、调脂等治疗。其中大剂量组40例患者每晚口服阿托伐他汀40mg,常规剂量组40例患者每晚口服阿托伐他汀20 mg。记录两组患者治疗前、治疗3个月后的心功能、血脂、血管内皮功能等指标,包括左心室射血分数(LVEF)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、一氧化氮(NO)、前列环素(PGI)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、细胞黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)。记录随访12个月内的心血管事件及不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者治疗前心功能、血脂、血管内皮功能等指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗3个月后大剂量组TG、TC、ICAM-1低于常规剂量组,NO、PGI、SOD、GSH高于常规剂量组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访12个月,大剂量组发生心血管事件3例少于常规剂量组10例,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。大剂量组不良反应6例,常规剂量组发生不良反应4例,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大剂量阿托伐他汀可进一步改善老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者的血管内皮功能,提高临床效果,降低心血管事件的发生。     

阿托伐他汀对老年冠心病患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能及脉搏波速度的影响

目的 探讨冠心病患者服用阿托伐他汀1年肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)及脉搏波速度(PWV)的影响.方法 选取35例(≥60岁)长期服用阿托伐他汀的冠心病患者作为阿托伐他汀组,选取25例(≥60岁)从未用过调脂药物的冠心病患者作为未服用阿托伐他汀组,20例(＜60岁)健康人作健康对照组,阿托伐他汀组在常规治疗的基础上,服用阿托伐他汀10 mg,1次/d,睡前口服,治疗1年.治疗前后用高频超声和科林VP-1000检查FMD及PWV,同时测血脂.结果 阿托伐他汀组治疗后与治疗前及未服用阿托伐他汀组相比FMD(P＜0.05),PWV(P＜0.05)及血脂(P＜0.05)均明显改善.结论 冠心病患者应用阿托伐他汀不仅可以调脂,还可以改善FMD及PWV,从而改善动脉弹性.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀序贯治疗对急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者高敏C反应蛋白和短期主要不良心血管事件的影响

目的探讨大剂量阿托伐他汀序贯治疗对急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和短期主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的影响。方法将2010年9月至2012年4月在我院确诊为NSTEMI并择期PCI患者100例随机分为大剂量阿托伐他汀序贯治疗组(简称序贯治疗组)和阳性对照组。所有患者入院即刻给予80 mg阿托伐他汀钙,随后40 mg/d。序贯治疗组于术前6 h内追加40 mg阿托伐他汀钙,阳性对照组术前未追加阿托伐他汀钙。所有患者分别于PCI术前、术后24 h、48 h测定血脂、hs-CRP,并随访所有患者PCI术后12周内MACE。结果两组患者术后血脂水平与术前相比未见明显变化(P0.05);与术前相比,两组患者术后hs-CRP水平均明显升高(P0.05),序贯治疗组术后hs-CRP水平显著低于阳性对照组(P0.05);两组患者12周内MACE发生率相比差异无统计学意义(4%比6%,P0.05);两组均未见有临床意义的肝酶和肌酶升高,无不良反应发生。结论大剂量阿托伐他汀序贯治疗能一定程度抑制NSTEMI患者PCI术后内皮炎症反应,且安全性良好,但是不能减少12周内MACE。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者PCI术前应用强化阿托伐他汀的疗效及安全性分析

目的研究不稳定型心绞痛患者经皮冠脉介入(PCI)术前强化阿托伐他汀治疗,随访3个月的疗效及安全性。方法选择行PCI术不稳定型心绞痛患者78例,随机分为3组,对照组25例(阿托伐他汀20 mg/d常规治疗),强化1组27例(常规治疗基础上于术前12 h、2 h分别予阿托伐他汀40 mg、20 mg),强化2组26例(常规治疗基础上于术前12 h、2 h分别给阿托伐他汀80 mg、40 mg)。通过3个月随访,观察强化剂量对患者主要心脏不良事件(预后)及安全性指标的影响。结果强化组较对照组心脏不良事件发生率低(P<0.05),3组间肝肾功能指标肌酸激酶(CK)及相关不良反应之间无统计学意义(P>0.05),未发现CK升高的肌肉疼痛,无肝酶(ALT)和CK升高2倍的病例。结论不稳定型心绞痛患者PCI术前应用阿托伐他汀强化治疗疗效显著,无严重不良反应。     

75岁以上急性心肌梗死急诊PCI术前后氧化型低密度脂蛋白的变化及瑞舒伐他汀的临床干预

目的 探讨老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者行急诊冠脉支架植入(PCI)术前、术后ox-LDL水平的变化趋势及他汀类药物对其的干预.方法 选取2007年4月至2010年9月该院诊断为STEMI并行急诊PCI术老年患者302例,其中口服瑞舒伐他汀的作为瑞舒伐他汀组,口服阿托伐他汀的作为阿托伐他汀组,未服用他汀类药物作为对照组,对比观察三组患者术前、术后即刻、术后48 h、术后1 w、术后6个月的ox-LDL水平变化,并于6个月复查冠脉造影术(CAG).结果 三组患者术前血浆ox-LDL水平及临床基本情况比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).PCI术前,心梗急性期三组患者血浆ox-LDL水平均升高.PCI术后即刻ox-LDL水平进一步升高,并达峰值,此后呈下降趋势,术后1 w较术后6个月ox-LDL水平无明显差异,提示术后1 w达到稳定状态.三组患者术前ox-LDL水平无显著差异,PCI术后即刻、术后48 h,瑞舒伐他汀、阿托伐他汀两组与对照组均有显著差异(P＜0.05),而瑞舒伐他汀、阿托伐他汀组间差异无显著性.PCI术后即刻对照组血浆ox-LDL水平显著升高(P＜0.05),术后48 h阿托伐他汀组血浆ox-LDL下降显著(P＜0.05).在术后1 w及术后6个月,ox-LDL水平对照组＞阿托伐他汀组＞瑞舒伐他汀组(P＜0.05).术后5、6个月复查CAG,三组靶血管再狭窄率、晚期管腔丢失率(LLL)比较,瑞舒伐他汀组、阿托伐他汀组较对照组有显著性差异(P＜0.05),而瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀组间差异无显著性.结论 (1)老年STEMI患者ox-LDL水平升高,急诊PCI术后ox-LDL水平进一步升高,提示心梗急性期及PCI术后存在明显的氧化应激反应.(2) PCI术前急性加用瑞舒伐他汀20 mg与阿托伐他汀20 mg均有降低ox-LDL水平、减轻氧化应激反应的作用,瑞舒伐他汀较阿托伐他汀更有优势.(3)瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀均有一定的降低PCI术后支架再狭窄的作用,瑞舒伐他汀优于阿托伐他汀.     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年冠心病合并心房颤动患者炎症因子及预后的影响

目的:观察不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年冠心病合并心房颤动(房颤)患者炎症因子及预后的影响,探讨阿托伐他汀抗房颤的可能机制。方法:将100例老年冠心病合并房颤患者随机分为2组,10mg阿托伐他汀组和20mg阿托伐他汀组,观察2组患者治疗前后血清炎症因子[高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]、左心房内径(LAD)及心房利尿钠肽(ANP)的变化,同时记录治疗6个月后2组患者窦性心律维持率及栓塞事件发生率。结果:治疗后,2组hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、ANP水平及LAD内径均较治疗前降低(P0.05),且20mg阿托伐他汀组降低更明显(P0.05),同时20mg阿托伐他汀组较10mg阿托伐他汀组窦性心律维持率高,栓塞事件发生率低(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀能降低老年冠心病合并房颤患者血清炎症因子水平,同时能降低ANP水平及LAD内径,提高窦性心律维持率、降低栓塞事件发生率,且呈剂量依赖性,这可能是阿托伐他汀发挥抗房颤作用的机制之一。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.