经胸微创手术加食管内水囊扩张治疗贲门失弛症临床分析

目的观察经胸微创手术配合食管内水囊扩张治疗贲门失弛症的疗效。方法对8例贲门失弛症患者经胸微创手术配合食管内水囊扩张治疗,回顾性分析患者的病例资料。结果治愈8例,术后反流性食管炎0例(0%),无明显并发症。结论经胸微创手术加食管内水囊扩张术式治疗贲门失弛症疗效确切,手术简单,创伤小,恢复快,不良反应小,值得推荐,近期疗效较好,但远期疗效仍需随访观察。     

食管胃壁内吻合术治疗贲门失弛缓症

对24例贲门失弛缓症患者施行食管下段、胃贲门部切除,食管胃壁内吻合术以重建贲门功能。术后对22例患者行上消化道钡餐透视、食管返流观察、胃镜检查、食管内测压并随访1～5年。术后各种检查结果表明:贲门失弛缓症患者经食管胃壁内吻合重建贲门后,贲门功能的正常率达95.4％。食管胃壁内吻合术式重建贲门功能是防止贲门失弛缓症术后并发症,提高手术疗效的一种安全、有效的方法。     

手术治疗贲门失弛缓症36例

目的 探讨贲门失弛缓症手术方法及效果。方法 回顾性分析36例贲门失弛缓症采用Heller＋Nissen手术治疗效果，男20例，女16例，平均年龄36岁，经胸手术32例，经腹手术4例，术中保护迷走神经，重建食管—胃His角和贲门功能，保护剥离食管黏膜创面。结果 36例无手术死亡，术后10天后均能进普食。随访5年，钡餐摄片，食管无狭窄，食管镜检查，2例食管下段轻度糜烂，余34例正常。结论 贲门失弛缓症行Heller＋Nissen手术效果好。     

经腹腔镜改良Heller手术加胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的:探讨腹腔镜治疗贲门失弛缓症的方法及其优势。方法:经腹腔镜行食管贲门括约肌切开术(改良Heller手术)加胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症1例。结果:手术顺利,手术时间140m in,术中出血量30m l。患者术后第3天进软食无异常后出院。术后3个月食管下括约肌(LES)残留压、松弛率以及食管基础压均恢复正常,钡餐结果显示为正常食管影像,24h食管pH值测定正常,未见返流。随访6个月,症状无反复。结论:经腹腔镜改良Heller手术加胃底折叠术治疗贲门失弛缓症具有创伤小,术后康复快,疗效确切等优点。     

腹腔镜联合胃镜微创治疗贲门失弛缓症26例分析

目的 探讨采用腹腔镜联合胃镜微创手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的可行性及临床价值。方法 2005年12月至2009年3月,天津市南开医院对26例贲门失弛缓症病人实施腹腔镜Heller括约肌切开加Dor胃底折叠术,术中联合胃镜进行定位、检查,对围手术期相关指标进行分析,并随访观察治疗效果。结果 26例均完成腹腔镜手术,无中转开腹病例,术后无严重并发症。1例术中食管黏膜破损,经胃镜证实后行腹腔镜下修补术,随访观察4～42个月无吞咽困难,1例术后1年内出现轻度胃食管反流及胸骨后疼痛症状,术后3个月复查食管测压、胃镜、上消化道造影提示均基本恢复正常。结论 腹腔镜治疗贲门失弛缓症具有手术创伤小、恢复快、疗效可靠的特点,术中联合胃镜操作可提高手术安全性,减少并发症的发生。     

胸、腹腔镜治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜治疗贲门失弛缓症的可行性、手术方法及临床应用价值。方法:分析近年腹腔镜治疗贲门失弛缓症29例及胸腔镜组54例的临床资料。术前食管X线钡餐检查,均可见食管近端扩张,贲门呈鸟嘴样狭窄。食管镜检查见食管扩张,贲门紧闭进镜受阻。结果:无手术死亡病例及中转手术。结论:腹腔镜治疗贲门失弛缓症较胸腔镜具有手术时间及住院时间短,并发症少,术后吞咽困难症状缓解率高,食管返流低等优势,手术操作腹腔镜Heller-Dor较Toupet更具优势应作为首选。     

经胸小切口食管肌层切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的总结经胸小切口食管肌层切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床经验. 方法 25例贲门失弛缓症患者中中度9例,重度16例 ,均接受了手术治疗.手术经左胸腋后线第7或第8肋间进胸,切口6～8cm,行食管肌层切开.全组均未行抗反流手术. 结果全部患者顺利完成手术,无死亡,平均手术时间50分钟,术后平均住院天数10天.1例患者因损伤食管黏膜,于术中予以修补,其余患者术后无并发症.随访全部患者,吞咽困难消失,无胃食管反流症状.8例术后行24小时食管pH监测无病理性反流. 结论经胸小切口行食管黏膜外肌层切开术,创伤小,恢复快,并发症少,住院时间短.合理掌握胃食管连接部的肌层切开范围可有效防止术后胃食管反流发生.     

改良Heller手术附加膈肌瓣成形术治疗贲门失弛缓症

贲门失弛缓症是常见的食管良性疾病,改良Heller手术是治疗贲门失弛缓症的标准术式.我科1965年12月至2009年12月采用改良Heller手术附加膈肌瓣成形术治疗130例贲门失弛缓症患者,疗效满意.     

电视胸腔镜与小切口开胸手术治疗食管良性疾病的比较

目的比较电视胸腔镜手术与小切口开胸手术治疗食管良性疾病的临床效果和适应证。方法1995年1月至2007年1月我院胸外科应用微创手术治疗食管良性疾病患者52例。其中贲门失弛缓17例,食管平滑肌瘤24例,食管憩室7例,食管脂肪瘤1例,食管囊肿1例,贲门失弛缓合并食管憩室1例,贲门失弛缓球囊扩张食管破裂1例。根据手术方式分为电视胸腔镜手术组25例,小切口开胸手术组27例。结果两组患者手术治疗效果均良好,无术后并发症,无手术死亡。电视胸腔镜手术组有2例因胸腔内广泛粘连和食管黏膜损伤中转开胸。两组患者手术时间、术后胸腔闭式引流时间、胃肠减压时间以及术后住院时间均无明显差异。结论电视胸腔镜手术和小切口开胸手术治疗食管良性疾病安全有效,术后恢复快。电视胸腔镜手术切口符合美观要求,可作为治疗食管良性疾病的常规术式。小切口开胸手术更适合于病情较复杂的患者。     

经胸小切口食管肌层切开治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的 总结经胸小切口食管肌层切开治疗贲门失弛缓症经验。方法 分析42例贲门失弛缓症患者接受经胸腔小切口食管肌层切开手术治疗结果，手术切口6—8cm，行食管下段肌层切开，上方超过狭窄1cm，下方切口至胃壁肌层0．5～1cm。全组均未行抗反流手术。结果平均手术时间60min，术后平均住院时间11d。1例围手术期死亡，死因为食管黏膜破裂合并多重细菌感染；2例损伤食管黏膜予以修补；其余无任何并发症，术后第1天开始进食，行黏膜修补者术后3d进食。术后随访，全部患者吞咽困难症状消失。28例行食管pH监测无病理性反流，与术前DeMeesrer评分比较，差异有统计学意义。结论经胸小切口食管肌层切开术，创伤小、恢复快、并发症少。合理掌握胃食管连接部的肌层切开范围可有效防止术后胃食管反流。     

Endoscopic balloon dilatation without fluoroscopy for treating gastric outlet obstruction because of benign etiologies

Background  

Benign gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) causes considerable morbidity and conventional treatment has been surgery. Endoscopic balloon dilatation is a minimally invasive treatment modality for GOO but experience with its use is mainly in patients with GOO due to peptic ulcer disease. We report our experience of endoscopic balloon dilatation in benign GOO of various etiologies.     

Impact of minimally invasive surgery on the treatment of esophageal achalasia: a decade of change

BACKGROUND: Twenty years ago an average of 1.5 Heller myotomies were performed per year in our hospital, mostly for patients whose dysphagia did not improve following balloon dilatation or whose esophagus had been perforated during a balloon dilatation. Ten years ago we started using minimally invasive surgery to treat this disease. STUDY DESIGN: This study measures the impact of minimally invasive surgery with regard to the following: the number of patients referred for treatment; the number of patients who came to surgery without previous treatment; and the results of surgical treatment. Between 1991 and 2001, 149 patients had minimally invasive surgery for achalasia: 25 patients (17%) had thoracoscopic Heller myotomy and 124 (84%) had laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication. Of the 149 patients, 79 patients (53%) had previous treatment (56 patients [71%], balloon dilatation; 7 patients [9%], botulinum toxin injection; 16 patients [20%], both) and 70 patients (43%) had none of these treatments. Mean postoperative followup was 59 +/- 36 months. Patients were divided into two groups: group A, operated on between 1991 and 1995; and group B, operated on between 1996 and 2001. RESULTS: In the past decade, the number of patients referred for surgery has increased substantially--group A, 48; group B, 101; an increasing proportion of patients were referred for surgery without previous treatment--group A, 38%; group B, 51%; and the outcomes of the operation progressively improved--group A, 87%; group B, 95%. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that the high success rate of laparoscopic Heller myotomy for achalasia has brought a shift in practice; surgery has become the preferred treatment of most gastroenterologists and other referring physicians. This has followed documentation that laparoscopic treatment outperforms balloon dilatation and botulinum toxin injection.     

经皮肾穿刺顺行球囊扩张治疗移植肾输尿管梗阻

目的探讨经皮肾穿刺顺行球囊扩张治疗移植肾输尿管梗阻的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年至2011年华中科技大学附属协和医院6例接受经皮肾穿刺顺行球囊扩张治疗移植肾输尿管梗阻的患者资料。所有患者先行B超引导移植肾穿刺造瘘,顺行造影确定梗阻的具体位置,顺行球囊扩张输尿管狭窄段,术后留置双J管和肾造瘘管,无效则改开放手术。结果6例患者中1例输尿管狭窄段〉1cm,球囊扩张失败,1例合并尿瘘,尿囊肿,扩张治疗无效,此2例均经开放手术治愈;其余4例一次扩张治愈,随访16～38个月,肾功能正常,无梗阻复发。结论经皮肾穿刺顺行球囊扩张安全、损伤小,可作为治疗移植肾输尿管梗阻的首选方法,对于合并有其他外科并发症或扩张治疗失败的患者,需开放手术治疗。     

球囊扩张成形术处理透析用动静脉内瘘狭窄性病变及短中期结果

目的:探讨球囊扩张成形技术在治疗血液透析用动静脉内瘘(AVF)狭窄的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2014年5月—2015年12月间采用球囊扩张成形技术治疗的31例血液透析用AVF狭窄性病变患者的临床资料。结果:31例患者中,男18例,女13例;桡动脉-头静脉内瘘27例,桡动脉-贵要静脉内瘘2例,尺动脉-贵要静脉内瘘2例;均接受球囊扩张技术治疗。28例(90.3%)获得技术上的成功,围手术期无患者死亡。1例患者术后出现动脉穿刺处假性动脉瘤,1例患者术后出现AVF血栓形成,1例患者出现前臂皮下血肿,其他所有患者AVF恢复通畅并能够以正常流量进行血液透析治疗。术后随访3~12个月,3、6、12个月初次通畅率分别为92.9%,75.0%,50.0%。结论:球囊扩张成形术处理AVF狭窄性病变微创、安全,是AVF狭窄性病变的合理治疗方法,但其中长期疗效仍有待于进一步改善。     

经皮经肝胆道镜治疗医源性胆管损伤后再狭窄

目的探讨医源性胆管损伤后肝外胆管再狭窄的原因和治疗方法。方法对我院1998年1月～2005年1月12例（开腹胆囊切除术5例，腹腔镜胆囊切除术7例）医源性胆管损伤后肝外胆管再狭窄，建立经皮经肝通道，采用胆道镜取石、球囊扩张、支架管置入支撑扩张狭窄段胆管。结果8例用F20 Gruntzig型球囊导管扩张狭窄段胆管，2次即可放入6～8mm塑料支架引流管；4例球囊扩张3次后置入。塑料支架引流管置管6～12个月。12例随访2～3年，平均2．6年，无腹痛、发热、黄疸再次发作，B超、MRCP检查胆管无狭窄及再发结石。结论胆道镜取石、球囊扩张支架管置入治疗医源性胆管损伤后肝外胆管再狭窄创伤小，安全可行，效果良好。     

介入联合微创手术治疗下肢混合型血管性溃疡

目的:探索下肢混合型血管性溃疡的有效治疗方法。方法:对2008年10月—2011年10月收治的22例下肢混合型血管性溃疡患者采用介入联合微创手术治疗。分别采用球囊扩张成形术和支架植入术开通患者下肢动脉闭塞段,小切口大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱及溃疡周围交通静脉缝扎术等治疗患者下肢静脉功能不全。结果:全部患者溃疡迅速彻底愈合,平均愈合时间28 d。随访6~28个月,无复发病例。结论:介入联合微创手术治疗下肢混合型血管性溃疡疗效确切显著,值得推荐。     

Evolving techniques for mitral valve reconstruction

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of new techniques of mitral valve reconstruction (MVR) that have evolved over the last decade, such as aggressive anterior leaflet repair and minimally invasive surgery using an endoaortic balloon occluder. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: MVR via conventional sternotomy has been an established treatment for mitral insufficiency for over 20 years, primarily for the treatment of patients with posterior leaflet prolapse. METHODS: Between June 1980 and June 2001, 1,195 consecutive patients had MVR with ring annuloplasty. Conventional sternotomy was used in 843 patients, minimally invasive surgery in 352 (since June 1996). Anterior leaflet repair was performed in 374 patients, with increasing use over the last 10 years. Follow-up was 100% complete (mean 4.6 years, range 0.5-20.5). RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 4.7% overall and 1.4% for isolated MVR (1.1% for minimally invasive surgery vs. 1.6% for conventional sternotomy; =.4). Multivariate analysis showed the factors predictive of increased operative risk to be age, NYHA functional class, concomitant procedures, and previous cardiac surgery. The 5-year results for freedom from cardiac death, reoperation, and valve-related complications among the 782 patients with degenerative etiology are, respectively, as follows ( >.05 for all end points): for anterior leaflet repair, 93%, 94%, 90%; for no anterior leaflet repair, 91%, 92%, 91%; for minimally invasive surgery, 97%, 89%, 93%; and for conventional sternotomy, 93%, 94%, 90%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that late results of MVR after minimally invasive surgery and after anterior leaflet repair are equivalent to those achievable with conventional sternotomy and posterior leaflet repair. These options significantly expand the range of patients suitable for mitral valve repair surgery and give further evidence to support wider use of minimally invasive techniques.     

经皮腔内顺行球囊扩张结合内切开术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻

目的观察经皮腔内顺行球囊扩张结合内切开术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的疗效。方法回顾分析2010年3月至2012年9月我院采用经皮腔内顺行球囊扩张结合内切开术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻23例患者的病例资料并行随访。结果患者23例,男性14例,女性9例;年龄21~71岁,平均(39±10.5)岁;左侧10例,右侧13例;原发性UPJO 18例(合并肾结石12例),经皮肾镜碎石术后2例,肾盂输尿管连接部结石开放取石术后1例,开放肾盂成形术后1例,腹腔镜肾盂成形术后1例,狭窄段长度均不超过2cm。所有患者均手术成功,围手术期无严重并发症发生。17例患者纳入随访,其中原发性UPJO患者12例,经皮肾穿刺取石术(PCN)术后患者2例,开放输尿管切开取石术后1例,腹腔镜下肾盂成形术后1例,开放肾盂成形术后1例,术后随访7~31月,未见复发。结论经皮腔内顺行球囊扩张结合内切开术是治疗UPJO安全、有效的手术方式,具有微创、患者耐受度好、术后恢复快的特点,可有选择性地作为治疗UPJO的初始治疗手段。     

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery

Cardiac surgery has been the last of the surgical specialties to embrace the principles of minimal invasiveness. The complexity and invasiveness of the procedures have presented both a problem and an opportunity to make the procedures less invasive. Beginning with initial attempts at coronary artery bypass surgery through limited access with and without robotics, a number of other cardiac procedures currently are being performed by minimally invasive approaches. These include mitral valve repair, transapical aortic valve implant, limited access, and totally endoscopic pulmonary vein isolation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and the treatment of aortic aneurysmal disease by thoracic endografting. The experience with less invasive surgery in other specialties has served as cross-fertilization for minimally invasive cardiac surgery.     

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery by the port-access method

Recently, minimally invasive surgery has come to be an important theory in cardiac surgery, the goal of which is shortening of hospital stay, earlier recovery of employment, and cosmetics. In this paper, we will describe our experience with port-access cardiac surgery conducted under the support of our new technology. This study assesses the quality of cardiac surgery performed by the port-access method. The author developed a direct endoaortic clamp balloon (Yozu balloon). This balloon is a triple-lumen balloon catheter of 3.6 mm in outer diameter and 40 cm in full length. The balloon is inserted directly into the ascending aorta. Injection of cardioplegic solution and aortic vent can be conducted. Also, we introduce a modified Cosgrove flex clamp to apply in small-incision surgery, aiming at a less invasive procedure. The modified point is that the original, united Cosgrove flex clamp can be divided into the handle part equipped with a ratchet, and the bellows part equipped with a clamp jaw. By this modification, it became possible to apply the Cosgrove flex clamp transthoracically; that is, it became possible to conduct aortic clamping safely and securely through this small port of 8 mm in diameter. Port-access cardiac surgery is one of the developing and promising methods of cardiac operation. In view of future technological progress, we can expect the gradual but wide popularization of this method.