分化型甲状腺癌患者术后首次行131I清除残余甲状腺组织的疗效及其影响因素

目的探讨分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者术后首次行131I清除残余甲状腺组织(清甲)的疗效,并分析其疗效影响因素。方法选择DTC术后患者102例,首次行131I清甲治疗前停服甲状腺激素,空腹一次性口服131I 100～120 mCi;清甲治疗后3～5 d行甲状腺激素长期替代治疗。治疗前用化学发光免疫分析法检测患者的血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白(Tg);治疗前后行甲状腺摄取131I率及131I甲状腺显像检查。采用单因素和多因素Lo-gistic回归分析方法,分析患者性别、年龄、病理类型、清甲前血清TSH、Tg、甲状腺摄取131I率和131I治疗剂量对清甲疗效的影响。结果 102例患者中,首次清甲成功37例、未成功65例,清甲成功患者的131I治疗剂量明显低于未成功患者(P=0.000)。单因素分析显示,131I治疗剂量(P=0.020)越大,治疗前血清TSH(P=0.000)越高、Tg(P=0.000)越低,清甲疗效越高;患者的年龄、性别、病理类型及清甲前残余甲状腺摄取131I率对首次清甲疗效无明显影响(P分别为0.119、0.315、0.835、0.375)。多因素分析显示,131I治疗剂量、清甲治疗前血清TSH及Tg水平是影响清甲疗效的影响因素(P分别为0.049、0.014、0.001)。结论131I治疗剂量、治疗前血清TSH及Tg水平是影响DTC患者术后首次清甲疗效的重要影响因素。     

分化型甲状腺癌术后首次131I清除剩余甲状腺组织的效果及影响因素

目的 观察分化型甲状腺癌术后首次131I清除剩余甲状腺组织(清甲)的效果并对其影响因素.方法 分化型甲状腺癌术后行131I首次清甲治疗患者177例,分别依据患者年龄、性别、病理类型、手术方式及术后到首次131I清甲间隔时间进行分组,131I清甲剂量均为3.7 GBq,治疗后3个月行颈部131I扫描,以颈部剩余甲状腺显像与周围本底相比未见摄碘灶为清除成功标准.结果 177例病人中成功清除者129例,首次131I清甲成功率为72.88%.患者年龄、性别及病理类型均不影响首次131I清甲效果;手术方式及术后到首次131I清甲间隔时间对首次131I清甲效果影响较大.结论 分化型甲状腺癌患者手术治疗应以甲状腺全切为首选,并在术后4个月内进行131I清甲治疗.     

分化型甲状腺癌~(131)I治疗后再次停用左旋甲状腺激素血清促甲状腺激素未升高伴高甲状腺球蛋白血症1例

目的记录1例分化型甲状腺癌~(131)I治疗后再次停用左旋甲状腺激素血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)未升高伴高甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)血症的病例,分析患者的影像学、实验室检查结果,进一步加深对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析1例分化型甲状腺癌~(131)I治疗后再次停用左旋甲状腺激素血清TSH未升高伴高Tg血症病例于2016～2018年治疗过程及随访过程的相应影像学及实验室检查结果,进一步了解并认识甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)术后出现该情况的处理方法。结果该患女性,43岁, PTC术后规律服用左旋甲状腺激素(L-T4)抑制治疗(该患者所服用药物为优甲乐)。术后两次行~(131)I治疗,并在治疗前停用L～T4 28 d后复查:TSH刺激情况下Tg均500 ng/ml;治疗后,TSH抑制状态下Tg水平逐渐下降,第2次~(131)I治疗后全身碘显像(WBS)结果阴性。第2次治疗后4个月为进一步明确患者病情,再次停用L～T4 28 d后评估刺激性Tg的水平,但TSH为0.078μIU/ml,Tg 20.99 ng/ml,游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3) 4.3 pmol/L,游离甲状腺激素(FT4) 12.2 pmol/L,TgAb 3.77 IU/ml,Tg 20.99 ng/ml。PET-CT:未见远处转移,仅显示颈淋巴结转移。结论该患者为一种很少见的~(131)I治疗后短期内再次停用L-T4使患者不能处于甲减状态的病例,此类患者仅通过TSH抑制状态下的Tg和WBS的结果无法准确评估病情,需借助PET-CT及刺激性Tg水平来明确病情状况。     

Graves病患者甲状腺激素水平正常后sTSH长期抑制机制的探讨

目的 探讨临床上部分Graves病(GD)患者经抗甲状腺药物(ATD)治疗后甲状腺激素水平达到正常,但促甲状腺素(TSH)仍长期处于被抑制状态的机制.方法 入选初发122例GD甲亢患者,予以初始等效剂量的ATD治疗,每月随访时根据甲状腺功能测定的结果酌情减量,并适时添加左旋甲状腺素(L-T4).当甲状腺激素(FT3、FT4)水平持续正常3个月即达随访标准,复查FT3、FT4、sTSH、TSH受体抗体(TRAb),并根据TRAb是否阳性分组比较.结果 122例GD甲亢患者经(7.1±1.1)个月的ATD治疗后,甲状腺激素水平均已经达到正常3个月.随访时,58例TRAb转为阴性,64例TRAb持续阳性.两组甲状腺激素水平无差异, TRAb阳性组的sTSH水平明显低于阴性组[0.044 mIU/L(0.001～4.163 mIU/L) vs 1.749 mIU/L(0.079～4.646 mIU/L),P＜0.01];血清sTSH水平与TRAb呈明显负相关(r=-0.539,P＜0.01),与FT3、FT4、年龄、病程、治疗时间、L-T4剂量、L-T4添加时间等均无相关性.结论 药物治疗过程中,甲状腺激素水平正常的GD患者,其TSH水平长期受抑制的原因与高水平TRAb相关,可能由于TRAb直接与垂体内TSH受体结合,通过超短环反馈抑制TSH的分泌所致.     

重组人促甲状腺素介导分化型甲状腺癌的131I治疗

目的 研究重组人促甲状腺素(rhTSH)介导分化型甲状腺癌131I治疗对内源性TSH、甲状腺球蛋白、FT3、FT4的影响及其清甲成功率.方法 31例(年龄14～70岁,其中女性23例)接受rhTSH介导的131I治疗(甲状腺功能正常组),31例(年龄23～72岁,其中女性22例)停用甲状腺素后的行131I治疗[甲状腺功能减退组(甲减组)]观察注射rhTSH前后血清TSH、FT3、FT4以及甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、甲状腺球蛋白浓度变化,以及131I治疗后6～12个月131I全身诊断显像评价其疗效.结果 使用rhTSH前后,血清TSH、甲状腺球蛋白、FT3、FT4的平均浓度分别是(1.08±4.01)和(140.26±27.20)mIU/L(P＜0.05)、(23.75±132.92)和(169.58±178.49)μg/L(P＜0.05)、(4.52±1.16)和(4.42±1.11)pmol/L(P＞0.05)、(15.09±5.83)和(13.66±5.85)pmol/L(P＞0.05).诊断剂量131I-全身显像显示甲状腺功能正常组24/31(77.4%)及甲减组22/31(71.0%)被考虑成功清甲(P＞0.05).以甲状腺球蛋白评价两组131I治疗疗效统计学无显著差异(P＞0.05),甲状腺功能正常组20/31(64.50%)及甲减组18/31(58.06%)被考虑成功清甲.结论 使用rhTSH能有效刺激内源性TSH增高,提高生活质量,获得较高的清甲成功率.使用rhTSH能有效刺激血清甲状腺球蛋白,有利于监测肿瘤残存、复发与转移.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the influence of recombinant human thyrotropin(rhTSH)on serum concentration of endogenous thyrotropin(TSH), free triiodothyronine(FT3), free thyroxine(FT4), thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb), and thyroglobulin(Tg). To evaluate the efficacy of rhTSH-aided radioiodine treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC). Methods The study recruitment took place between November 2007 and March 2009. 62 patients(including 45 females)with biopsy confirmed DTC had undergone total or nearly total thyroidectomy, and received 131I treatment. 31 patients(including 22 females), median age of 45 years(23-72), received radioiodine treatment 4 weeks after L-thyroxine(T4)withdrawal. The other 31 patients(including 23 females), median age of 44 years(14-70), underwent rhTSH-aided radioiodine treatment. Before and after rhTSH injection, serum TSH, FT3, FT4, TGAb, and thyroglobulin were tested. Post-radiotherapy whole body scan was performed 5 to 7 days after radioiodine treatment and qualitatively and blindly evaluated by two nuclear medicine physicians. Follow-up took place 6 to 12 months after radioiodine treatment. The efficacy of rhTSH-aided radioiodine treatment was evaluated by whole body scan with diagnostic dose radioiodine. SPSS 13.0 statistical software was applied. Results (1)Before and after rhTSH-aided radioiodine treatment, the serum TSH was(1.08±4.01)vs(140.26±27.20)mIU/L(P＜0.05), thyroglobulin(23.75±132.92)vs(169.58±178.49)μg/L(P＜0.05), FT3(4.52±1.16)vs(4.42±1.11)pmol/L(P＞0.05), and FT4(15.09±5.83)vs(13.66±5.85)pmol/L(P＞0.05),respectively.(2)rhTSH-aided radioiodine ablation treatment had the same effect as L-T4withdrawal aided. The complete response ratio was 77.4% vs 71.0%(P＞0.05)by radioiodine whole body scan of diagnostic dose. Conclusion rhTSH-aided radioiodine treatment of DTC was effective and safe, and did at least at equivalent degree as did L-T4withdrawal. Furthermore, Serum thyroglobulin level could be effectively stimulated by rhTSH with tumor relapse or metastasis.     

Graves病^131I治疗前后TRAb变化及其与预后的关系

目的探讨^131I治疗前后促甲状腺激素受体抗体（TRAb）变化及其与预后的关系。方法收集经^131I治疗的Graves病患者260例,分别于^131I治疗前及治疗后18个月检测血清FT3、FT4、TSH、促甲状腺激素受体抗体（TRAb）等指标的变化。结果^131I治疗后18个月患者按TRAb变化分为五组：阴性升高组、阳性升高组、阴性不变组、阳性不变组、阳性下降组。预后从好到差依次排序为：阴性不变组、阴性升高组、阳性下降组、阳性不变组、阳性升高组。^131I治疗前TRAb阴性预后最好,阳性升高组预后最差,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=165.35,P＆lt;0.01）。结论^131I治疗前后TRAb变化可反映自身免疫状态,与患者预后密切相关。     

血清TRAb水平与Graves病患者131I治疗后早发甲减的关系

目的探讨血清促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)水平在Graves病(GD)患者131I治疗后早发甲状腺功能减低(甲减)发生中的作用,为临床随访监测提供依据。方法将123例GD患者按治疗前血清TRAb水平分为TRAb阳性组(TRAb>15 IU/mL)和TRAb阴性组(TRAb≤15 IU/mL),分别于131I治疗前及治疗后3、6、12个月测定血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平,并判定早发甲减发生情况。结果 TRAb阳性组和TRAb阴性组早发甲减率分别为54.72%(29/53)、31.43%(22/70),两组比较P<0.05。结论血清TRAb水平在GD患者131I治疗后早发甲减发生中起重要作用,临床可据此采取相关防治措施。     

131碘治疗Graves''病患者甲状腺功能低下原因分析

目的 分析131碘( 131I)治疗Graves'病中引起甲状腺功能低下(甲低)的原因.方法 对首次接受131I治疗的Graves'病患者156名随访1年,根据是否发生甲低分为甲低组与非甲低组,用SPSS软件分析治疗前甲状腺质量;3 ,6,24 h甲状腺吸131I率;预计给予每克甲状腺组织的131I实际摄取量;总治疗剂量; 治疗前甲状腺激素、TSH水平;是否接受过抗甲药物治疗等参数与甲低发生的关系.结果 131I治疗1年后,有80.1%的患者甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)治愈或明显好转,有6.4%患者仍处于甲亢状态,有15.4%发生了甲低. 2组治疗前的甲状腺激素水平及131I总剂量间差异无显著意义,但预计给予每克甲状腺组织的131I摄取量两者间差异有显著意义.结论 早发甲低的发生与甲状腺质量及预计给予每克甲状腺组织的131I剂量有关,治疗前停用抗甲状腺药物>1周以上,131I治疗的疗效不会受影响.     

胺碘酮联合131I治疗甲亢Graves病伴房颤24例分析

2003~2004年,我们采用胺碘酮联合131I治疗甲亢G raves病伴房颤24例,效果较好。现报告如下。资料与方法:48例甲亢G raves病伴房颤患者,均经甲状腺激素(FT3、FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺抗体(TGA、M CA)和心电图等检查确诊。其中男18例,女30例;年龄25~74岁,平均45岁;甲状腺重量(根据甲状腺显像及触诊估计)35~80g,平均50g。将48例患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各24例,两组年龄、性别、甲状腺重量、脉搏及甲状腺激素水平比较无显著差异。治疗组以131I治疗后第3天加用胺碘酮,200m g/次,3次/d,应用5d后减量为200m g/次,2次/d,再应用10d…     

脑梗死后抑郁与甲状腺激素水平相关性的研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死后抑郁患者甲状腺激素水平的变化。方法对120例急性脑梗死患者进行分组,脑梗死后无抑郁组(60例)和脑梗死后抑郁组(60例),各组中轻、中、重度抑郁各20例。60例正常健康体检者为对照组。收集脑梗死组发病第2天及第14天的血清及对照组血清待测。测定所有血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)及促甲状腺素(TSH)水平,比较脑梗死后抑郁与脑梗死后无抑郁及脑梗死后不同程度抑郁甲状腺激素水平的变化情况。结果脑梗死后无抑郁组及脑梗死后抑郁组发病第2天时血清FT3水平低于对照组,FT4水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且脑梗死后抑郁组较脑梗死后无抑郁组变化更显著,(P0.05);脑梗死后无抑郁组血清促甲状腺素(TSH)较对照组增高(P0.05),而脑梗死后抑郁组TSH水平与对照组相比差异无统计学意义。发病第14天脑梗死后无抑郁组FT3、FT4基本恢复,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;而脑梗死后抑郁组FT3、FT4水平恢复不明显,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3组的TSH水平差异不明显;脑梗死后抑郁患者TSH的改变量与HAMD评分密切相关(P0.05),而血FT3、FT4与HAMD评分无相关关系(P0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者抑郁症状可能与甲状腺激素水平变化有关,血清FT3、FT4和TSH可作为评价急性脑梗死患者抑郁症状及程度的客观指标。     

甲状腺自身抗体阳性妇女孕期干预对婴儿甲状腺功能的影响

目的 探讨甲状腺自身抗体阳性妇女孕期甲状腺功能干预对婴儿甲状腺功能的影响.方法选择产前检查发现的甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)和(或)甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)阳性妊娠妇女55例.随机分为干预组(子代为A)36例和非干预组(子代为B)19例,设同期自身抗体阴性对照组(子代为N)30例.选择左旋甲状腺素片作为干预制剂.采用化学发光酶免疫分析法测定3组入选后和分娩前空腹血清TPOAb、TgAb、TSH、TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4水平,同时测定母体尿碘含量.新生儿出生后测定脐血、出生后3～4周及8～10周静脉血TSH、TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4水平.结果干预组、非干预组母体基线血清TSH水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).分娩前非干预组与另两组比较,血清TSH增高和TT3、TT4、FT4降低具有统计学差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).胎儿出生后脐血TSH水平在B组(7.06±1.31)mIU/L和A组(6.23±1.26)mIU/L均显著高于N组(5.48±1.17)mIU/L(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).出生3～4周新生儿B组血清TSH(3.21±0.70)mIU/L高于N组[(2.72±0.51)mIU/L]和A组[(2.78±0.42)mIU/L,均P＜0.05].出生8～10周婴儿B组血清TSH[(2.99±0.57)mIU/L]高于N组[(2.48±0.68)mIU/L,P＜0.05].多元逐步回归分析,母体TSH、TPOAb及尿碘含量与婴儿TSH独立相关.结论不同甲状腺功能状态的妊娠妇女,其子代出生后的甲状腺功能存在差异.胎儿出生后甲状腺功能与母亲甲状腺自身抗体及孕期甲状腺功能状态有关.     

Levothyroxine dose requirements for thyrotropin suppression in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer.

We have compared the dose of levothyroxine (L-T4) required to suppress serum TSH to given levels in two clinical groups: 1) 44 patients with thyroid cancer whose thyroid glands had been ablated by surgical thyroidectomy and 131I treatment, and 2) 113 patients with thyroidal failure due either to spontaneous primary hypothyroidism (31 patients) or after 131I treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism (82 patients). The dose of L-T4 needed to attain serum TSH levels in the euthyroid range (0.5-6.2 microU/mL) was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in patients with thyroid cancer (2.11 micrograms/kg.day) than in the patients with primary hypothyroidism associated with nonmalignant disease (1.63 micrograms/kg.day). Similarly, patients with thyroid cancer required a higher dose of L-T4 to suppress serum TSH to a given subnormal level. These findings suggest that the secretion of hormone from residual thyroid tissue in patients who have not been subjected to near-total thyroid ablation contributes substantially to the circulating levels of serum T4 and T3. We, therefore, infer that residual thyroidal secretion in the patients with hypothyroidism due to benign causes is relatively independent of TSH stimulation. Further subdivision of patients with benign hypothyroidism revealed that patients with Graves' who developed hypothyroidism after 131I treatment showed a lower mean dose requirement than patients with spontaneous hypothyroidism. This raises the possibility that continued secretion of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in such patients might account for the lower dose requirement in the combined group with hypothyroidism. Our studies also have allowed us to make serial observations in 4 patients with thyroid cancer who exhibited elevated levels of serum thyroglobulin. In this limited series, maximal suppression of serum thyroglobulin was produced by doses of L-T4, which reduced circulating TSH to 0.4 mU/L.     

Radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants after preparation with recombinant human thyrotropin in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: results of an international, randomized, controlled study

CONTEXT: After surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma, many patients are treated with radioiodine to ablate remnant thyroid tissue. This procedure has been performed with the patient in the hypothyroid state to promote endogenous TSH stimulation and is often associated with hypothyroid symptoms and impaired quality of life. OBJECTIVE AND INTERVENTION: This international, randomized, controlled, multicenter trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) to prepare euthyroid patients on L-thyroxine therapy (euthyroid group) to ablate remnant thyroid tissue with 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) 131I, compared with that with conventional remnant ablation performed in the hypothyroid state (hypothyroid group). Quality of life was determined at the time of randomization and ablation. After the administration of the 131-I dose, the rate of radiation clearance from blood, thyroid remnant, and whole body was measured. RESULTS: The predefined primary criterion for successful ablation was "no visible uptake in the thyroid bed, or if visible, fractional uptake less than 0.1%" on neck scans performed 8 months after therapy and was satisfied in 100% of patients in both groups. A secondary criterion for ablation, an rhTSH-stimulated serum thyroglobulin concentration less than 2 ng/ml, was fulfilled by 23 of 24 (96%) euthyroid patients and 18 of 21 (86%) hypothyroid patients (P = 0.2341). Quality of life was well preserved in the euthyroid group, compared with the hypothyroid group, as demonstrated by their lower pretreatment scores on the Billewicz scale for hypothyroid signs and symptoms, 27 +/- 7 vs. 18 +/- 4 (P < 0.0001) and their significantly higher Short Form-36 Health Assessment Scale scores in five of eight categories. Euthyroid patients had a statistically significant one third lower radiation dose to the blood, compared with patients in the hypothyroid group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates comparable remnant ablation rates in patients prepared for 131I remnant ablation with 3.7 GBq by either administering rhTSH or withholding thyroid hormone. rhTSH-prepared patients maintained a higher quality of life and received less radiation exposure to the blood.     

Effect of methimazole pretreatment on serum thyroid hormone levels after radioactive treatment in Graves' hyperthyroidism

Radioiodine (131I) is the preferred definitive treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism. Pretreatment with antithyroid drugs is often used to avoid thyroid hormone discharge after 131I ablation. However, this may represent an unnecessary increase in risk and costs. Fifty-one patients with Graves' disease were randomly assigned to receive 131I alone (28 patients) or 131I plus pretreatment with methimazole (30 mg/day; 23 patients). Methimazole was interrupted 4 days before 131I therapy. Serum T4, free T4 (FT4), and T3 were measured on days -4 and -1, on the day of treatment, and on days 2, 5, 7, 14, 20, and 30. In patients receiving 131I alone, mean serum T4 levels did not change after therapy. Mean serum FT4 and T3 levels decreased significantly 5 days after 131I administration (15% and 18%, respectively). Serum T3 reached its lowest level on day 30 (38%). With pretreatment, mean serum T4, FT4, and T3 levels increased (38%, 39%, and 70%, respectively) after methimazole discontinuation and before 131I administration. After 131I, serum T4 levels peaked on day 7 (23% vs. treatment day; 70% vs. baseline); FT4 levels peaked on day 14 (53% vs. treatment day; 107% vs. baseline). The serum T3 concentration increased 9% on day 2 (85% vs. baseline) and decreased from day 14 (15%) to day 30 (21%). We conclude that interruption of antithyroid drugs causes a short term increase in serum thyroid hormone levels in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism receiving 131I. Thyroid hormone levels stabilize or decrease during the first 30 days after 131I therapy.     

Follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. More than 90% of primary thyroid cancers are differentiated papillary or follicular types. The treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) consists of total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine ablation therapy, followed by L-thyroxine therapy. The extent of initial surgery, the indication for radioiodine ablation therapy and the degree of TSH-suppression are all issues that are still being debated cancers are in relation to the risk of recurrence. Total thyroidectomy reduces the risk of recurrence and facilitates (131)I ablation of thyroid remnants. The aim of radioiodine ablation is to destroy any normal or neoplastic residuals of thyroid tissue. These procedures also improve the sensitivity of thyroglobulin (Tg) as a marker of disease, and increase the sensitivity of (131)I total body scan (TBS) for the detection of persistent or recurrent disease. The aim of TSH-suppressive therapy is to restore euthyroidism and to decrease serum TSH levels, in order to reduce the growth and progression of thyroid cancer. After initial treatment, the objectives of the follow-up of DTC is to maintain adequate thyroxine therapy and to detect persistent or recurrent disease through the combined use of neck ultrasound (US) and serum Tg and (131)I TBS after TSH stimulation. The follow-up protocol should be adapted to the risk of recurrence. Recent advances in the follow-up of DTC are related to the use of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) in order to stimulate Tg production and the ultrasensitive methods for Tg measurement. Undetectable serum Tg during TSH suppressive therapy with L-T4 does not exclude persistent disease, therefore serum Tg should be measured after TSH stimulation. The results of rhTSH administration and L-thyroxine therapy withdrawal are equivalent in detecting recurrent thyroid cancer, but the use of rhTSH helps to avoid the onset of hypothyroid symptoms and the negative effects of acute hypothyroidism on cardiovascular, hepatic, renal and neurological function. In low-risk DTC patients serum Tg after TSH stimulation, together with ultrasound of the neck, should be used to monitor persistent disease, avoiding diagnostic TBS which has a poor sensitivity. These recommendations do not apply when Tg antibodies are present in the serum, in patients with persistent or recurrent disease or limited thyroid surgery. Low-risk patients may be considered to be in remission when undetectable Tg after TSH stimulation and negative US evaluation of the neck are present. On the contrary, detectable Tg after TSH stimulation is an indicator in selecting patients who are candidates for further diagnostic procedures.     

健康高龄老年人甲状腺激素水平变化趋势分析

目的 探讨80岁以上高龄老年人甲状腺激素水平变化趋势.方法 将602例健康志愿者按年龄分为中青年组(20～59岁)226例、老年组(60～79岁)195例和高龄组(80～102岁)181例,采用化学发光法及放射免疫法测定志愿者血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、甲状腺素(TT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、反T3(rT3)水平,并以SPSS 13.0进行统计分析.结果 老年组与中青年组比较,血清FT3和TT3降低,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.793和3.627,均为P＜0.01);高龄组与中青年组比较,TT3、TT4、FT3、TSH、rT3浓度差异有统计学意义(t值分别为10.930、6.065、15.398、-2.933、-5.643,均为P＜0.01);老年组与高龄组比较,TT3、TT4、FT3、TSH、rT3浓度差异有统计学意义(t值分别为8.382、4.298、11.573、-3.383、-5.148,均为P＜0.01).FT3、TT3、TT4浓度与年龄呈负相关(r值分别为-0.51、-0.39、-0.25,P＜0.01),rT3、TSH浓度与年龄呈正相关(r值分别为0.32、0.12,P＜0.01),FT4与年龄无相关.高龄组高于或低于临床正常参考值范围的阳性发生率,在TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TSH、rT3中分别为0、0、13.8%、0、6.6%、21%.结论 随着年龄增长,老年人血清甲状腺激素水平及促甲状腺激素均有改变,特别是80岁及以上高龄老年人,血清FT3、rT3、TSH变化更为明显,建议临床设立老年人不同年龄段的血清甲状腺激素正常参考值范围,以减少假阳性的发生率.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the variation tendency of serum thyroid hormone level in the elderly aged over 80 years.Methods The 602 healthy volunteers were divided into 3 groups by age:young group (20-59 years of age,n= 226),elderly group (60-79 years of age,n= 195),and advanced age group (80-102 years of age,n=181).Fasting blood of all persons was harvested,then the levels of serum total triiodothyroxine (TT3),total thyroxine (TT4),free tri-iodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and reverse tri-iodothyronine (rT3) were determined by chemistry luminescence technique and radioimmunoassay.Statistical analysis was made by the software SPSS 13.0.Results The levels of serum FT3 and TT3 were lower in elderly group than in young group (t=2.793,3.627,P=0.005,0.000).There were significant differences in the levels of serum TT3,TT4,FT3,TSH and rT3 between young group and advanced-age group (t =10.930,6.065,15.398,- 2.933,- 5.643,all P = 0.000),also between elderly group and advanced-age group (t= 8.382,4.298,11.573,-3.383,-5.148,all P＜0.001).The levels of serum FT3,TT3 and TT4 were negatively correlated with age (r=- 0.51,-0.39 and -0.25,respectively,all P＜0.01).And the levels of serum rT3 and TSH showed positive relationships with age (r=0.32,0.12,all P＜0.01).There were no relationships between the level of serum FT4 and age.The positive rate of serum TT3,TT4,FT3,FT4,TSH and rT3 concentration beyond the reference value was 0,0,13.8%,0,6.6% and 21% in advanced-age group,respectively.Conclusions The levels of serum thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone change with age.The levels of FT3,rT3 and TSH change obviously in the elderly aged over 80 years.It could reduce the false positive rate in clinical practice if normal reference range for serum thyroid hormone levels in different aged elderly is established.     

Radioactive iodine lobe ablation as an alternative to completion thyroidectomy for follicular carcinoma of the thyroid.

We performed a retrospective record review of patients who received large lobar remnant ablation after surgery for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma including 30 with papillary carcinoma, 14 with follicular carcinoma, and 6 with Hürthle cell carcinoma. We compared these 50 patients to a group of patients who underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The ablation group was treated with single outpatient doses of 29.9 mCi (131)I to prepare for whole-body radioiodine scanning. Subsequent serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentration during thyroid hormone withdrawal was greater than 25 microU/mL in 94% of patients. The mean TSH in this population (76 microU/mL) was not statistically different from a group of 50 patients who underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy (mean, TSH 71 microU/ml p = 0.84). Twenty-four hour radioiodine uptake post-29.9 mCi (131)I ablation was less than 1% in 80% of patients. The mean radioiodine uptake (0.8%) in the lobe ablation population was significantly lower than in patients treated with total thyroidectomy (mean, 2.4%, p < 0.001). There was minimal morbidity after 29.9 mCi (131)I ablation of large lobar remnants. Outpatient 29.9 mCi (131)I ablation is a safe, effective, and less costly alternative to completion thyroidectomy in selected patients. Although we included patients with both papillary and follicular carcinoma in our review, we recommend this method for patients with minimally invasive follicular carcinoma requiring whole body scanning, even with large postsurgical remnants in place.     

Influence of human body composition on serum peak thyrotropin (TSH) after recombinant human TSH administration in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated the influence of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body surface area, and body composition [total lean body mass (LBM) and fat body mass] on serum peak TSH levels obtained after recombinant human (rh)TSH. Furthermore, to verify whether the serum peak TSH influenced the efficacy of radioiodine ((131)I), we compared the rate of thyroid remnant ablation according to the patients' BMI. PATIENTS: We studied 105 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who underwent rhTSH stimulation test. Serum TSH measurements were performed before and 24, 48, and 72 h after rhTSH administration. We also compared the rate of thyroid remnant ablation among 70 differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients with different BMI. RESULTS: The serum peak TSH after rhTSH was significantly lower in overweight and obese subjects compared with normal-weight subjects (92.1 +/- 41.8, 82.4 +/- 24.2, and 112.7 +/- 46.3 microU/ml, respectively; P = 0.01) and in males compared with females (74.6 +/- 22.3 and 105.0 +/- 43.0 microU/ml, respectively; P = 0.0002). By univariate analysis, serum peak TSH was negatively related to weight, height, body surface area, BMI, LBM, and fat body mass, but only LBM was independently associated with serum peak TSH levels. Although it was confirmed that overweight and obese patients had a lower serum peak TSH, the rate of ablation did not differ among normal-weight, overweight, and obese patients. CONCLUSIONS: With this study we demonstrated that LBM is the only parameter independently associated with serum peak TSH after rhTSH administration. However, the serum peak TSH does not influence the rate of (131)I remnant ablation.     

Pyramidal lobe decreases endogenous TSH stimulation without impact on radio-iodine therapy outcome in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer

Objectives

The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of pyramidal lobe (PL) detected in iodine-131 (I-131) scans of thyroid bed in patients after thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and to investigate influence of PL on endogenous thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation as well as on the effects of the radio-iodine ablation in one-year follow-up.

Patients and methods

This study was designed as a retrospective analysis of 302 radio-iodine neck scans of patients thyroidectomized due to DTC. The study population was selected from patients with PL detected in thyroid bed scintigraphy. Patients without PL were included to the control group. The study and the control groups did not differ in age, sex of patients, histological type and stage of the DTC.

Results

Pyramidal lobes were found in 30.5% of all patients. Patients in the study group underwent repeat surgery more often than controls without PL. Preablative TSH level in patients with PL was statistically lower than in the control group, in contrast to free thyroid hormones, which were higher in patients with PL. Preablative and postablative TSH-stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) and antibodies against thyroglobulin (TgAbs) were measured in both groups, and comparison did not reveal differences. Moreover, for the per-patient analysis, sites of uptake in whole body scintigraphy performed 1 year after radio-iodine remnant ablation (RRA) did not differ between the study and the control groups.

Conclusion

Pyramidal lobe decreases endogenous TSH stimulation without impact on radio-iodine therapy outcome in patients with DTC.