双极射频在前交叉韧带重建中的应用

目的:探讨关节镜下双极射频在前交叉韧带重建术中的应用。方法:在关节镜下应用双极射频对16例前交叉韧带重建术中的移植物进行皱缩,男12例,女4例;年龄18～46岁,平均31岁。单纯前交叉韧带损伤5例,合并半月板损伤10例,合并后交叉韧带损伤1例。术中和术后对所有病例观察随访,记录临床检查结果和Lysholm评分。结果:术中可见应用双极射频处理后的韧带逐渐收缩变短,韧带张力明显提高,麻醉状态下抽屉试验和Lachman试验均呈阴性。术后随访6～13个月,平均9.5个月,膝关节主观和客观稳定性均明显改善,Lysholm评分从术前(51.7±3.9)分提高到(86.2±3.5)分(P<0.01)。结论:关节镜下应用双极射频在前交叉韧带重建术中对移植物进行皱缩,可使重建韧带收缩变紧,提高关节的稳定性。     

下肢

20060429复合手术重建伸膝装置治疗习惯性髌骨脱位,20060430髌骨骨折的微创治疗,20060431应用双极射频治疗前交叉韧带重建术后移植物松弛，20060432创伤性浮膝伴血管损伤的早期诊治，20060433交锁髓内钉治疗浮膝损伤。[编者按]     

关节镜下膝关节前、后交叉韧带重建53例

目的总结关节镜下前、后交叉韧带（ACL、PCL）及膝内外侧复合体重建的经验。方法关节镜下移植中1/3骨-髌腱-骨组织、4股腘绳肌腱及LARS人工韧带重建膝关节ACL、PCL。合并膝内、外侧结构损伤患者在重建的同时进行膝关节侧副韧带和关节囊的修补。术后佩戴可调式膝关节固定带3个月行康复训练。结果53例随访2个月～5年4个月,Lysholm评分由术前平均（20±4.6）分提高到（85±7.3）分。所有患者术前抽屉试验及Lachman试验存在阳性体征,术后1例后抽屉试验阳性,4例Lachman试验弱阳性。所有患者关节功能明显改善。结论在关节镜直视下交叉韧带重建能准确定位ACL、PCL解剖止点,具有损伤小,关节粘连率低,恢复快的优点,能达到坚强固定,早期功能锻炼的目的。     

关节镜下应用异体跟腱股骨双束双隧道同时重建后交叉与前交叉韧带

目的 评价关节镜下应用异体跟腱股骨双束双隧道同时重建后交叉韧带与前交叉韧带的临床疗效.方法 14例前、后交叉韧带损伤患者在关节镜下应用异体跟腱同时重建前、后交叉韧带,且后交叉韧带股骨侧应用双束双隧道重建.受伤至手术时间平均19.5 d.术后平均随访34.5个月.采用Lysholm评分和Tegner评分对患膝功能进行评估,通过KT-1000检查膝关节的前后松弛度.术前患者屈膝活动度(123.6±2.5)°,Lysholm评分(52.8±2.2)分,伤前Tegner评分平均为(5.9±0.5)分,术前为(1.2±0.9)分.结果 术后患者屈膝活动度(117.9±2.8)°,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.54,P=0.14).术后Lachman试验阴性者13例(92.9%),后抽屉试验阴性者12例(85.7%).KT-1000屈膝25°双侧胫骨前后松弛度差值在2 mm以内9例,3～5 mm 4例,6 mm1例.屈膝70°差值2 mm以内10例,3～5 mm 3例,6 mm 1例.Lysholm评分术后提高至(92.9±3.3)分,差异具有统计学意义(t=17.009,P＜0.001).术后Tegner评分终末随访时平均为(5.4±0.8)分.手术前后的差异有统计学意义(F=4.2,P＜0.01).11例恢复到受伤前运动水平(78.6%),另外3例运动水平较受伤前有所降低.结论 关节镜下应用异体跟腱股骨双束双隧道同时重建后交叉韧带与前交叉韧带,后交叉韧带股骨侧应用双束双隧道重建,更接近后交叉韧带解剖重建,能够恢复膝关节的稳定性,较满意地恢复膝关节功能.     

关节镜下中1/3髌腱移植重建膝后十字韧带

目的关节镜下应用中1/3髌腱移植重建后十字韧带,评估其近期临床治疗效果。方法采用骨-中1/3髌腱-骨组织移植重建膝关节后十字韧带,用于治疗后十字韧带损伤后关节不稳定。手术在关节镜下经前方入路完成。结果12例患者平均随访17.3个月。Larson评分由术前60.7分提高到93.4分,Lysholm评分由术前55.0分提高到91.6分。所有患膝术前后抽屉试验及Lachman试验均阳性,术后仅2例后抽屉试验弱阳性、1例Lachman试验弱阳性。结论在关节镜直视下,能准确定位后十字韧带解剖止点,钻制骨隧道,植入移植组织。该技术具有不切开关节囊,损伤小、关节粘连率低的优点。     

关节镜下同种异体髌韧带重建膝关节内韧带损伤的临床研究

目的探讨关节镜下异体髌韧带重建膝关节内韧带损伤的治疗效果。方法应用异体髌韧带重建膝关节内韧带损伤33例。其中单纯前交叉韧带损伤20例;单纯后交叉韧带损伤6例;同时损伤6例;部分损伤1例。结果本组全部得到随访。前抽屉试验阳性:术前27膝,术后2膝。后抽屉试验阳性:术前12膝,术后2膝。Lachman征阳性:术前26膝,术后2膝。全部患者主动屈曲达全范围为6～18周,平均12周。Lysholm评分单纯前交叉韧带组术前平均48.6分,术后89.5分,优良率95%。单纯后交叉韧带组术前平均35.8分,术后81.2分,优良率83%。前后交叉韧带组术前平均26.7分,术后69.1分,优良率83%。结论关节镜下异体髌韧带重建膝关节内损伤韧带是治疗膝关节内韧带损伤的有效方法。     

关节镜下膝关节后交叉韧带重的临床体会

目的：总结17例关节镜下后交叉韧带重的体会。方法：关节镜下移植中1／3骨－髋韧带－骨或半腱＋股薄肌腱组织建重膝关节后交叉韧带,用于治疗后交叉韧带损伤后关节不稳定。结果：所有患平均随访时间为13．1个月。Larson评分由术前61例提高到93分。Lysholm评分由术前55分提高到91分。所有患膝术前后抽屉试验及Lachman试验均阳性,术后仅2例抽屉试验弱阳性,1例Lachman弱阳性,所有患主观评价膝关节功能明显增进,对治疗效果满意。结论：在关节镜直视下,能准确确定位后交叉韧带解剖止点,钻制骨遂道,植入移植组织,该技术具有不切开关节囊,损伤小、关节粘连率低的优点。     

关节镜下前交叉韧带袖套状保残重建的临床效果

目的:观察袖套状保留残端的关节镜下前交叉韧带重建的临床效果。方法:收集2012年1月至2014年12月于骨科就诊的42例前交叉韧带损伤患者,其中男17例,女25例,平均年龄28.4岁,平均受伤时间5.5周(2~12周)。采用关节镜下重建前交叉韧带,同时保留胫骨侧韧带残端,通过滑膜袖套恢复残端张力。治疗前及治疗后2、6、12个月采用Lachman试验、前抽屉试验对稳定性进行评价,术后12个月采用Lysholm评分和Tegner运动分级评价膝关节功能。治疗前和治疗后12个月行膝关节MRI检查。结果:术后2、6、12个月Lachman试验、前抽屉试验均为阴性。术前Lysholm评分37.8±7.1,Tegner评分2.1±0.4;术后12个月的Lysholm评分96.8±6.1,Tegner评分6.2±0.9,均高于术前。术后12个月复查MRI显示前交叉韧带显影良好。结论:关节镜下前交叉韧带袖套状保残重建可以获得良好的临床效果。     

自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带38例分析

[目的]探讨关节镜下自体肌腱重建前交叉韧带移植物的选择、固定方法、腱-骨愈合因素和术后的康复训练。[方法]选取38例需关节镜下行前交叉韧带自体腘绳肌腱移植重建术的患者。术后行相同的功能康复训练,术后定期记录患膝疼痛评分、膝关节活动度、IKDC评分和Lysholm评分。对数据收集后行统计学分析。[结果]38例患者均获得20个月以上随访,平均28.60个月。术后1周的VAS评分(6.57±0.613)分,末次随访时降至(1.18±1.105)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);膝关节活动度由术后1周(78.56±4.75)°提高到术后12周的(132.54±4.74)°,两者间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);IKDC评分由术前的(21.63±1.29)分提升到术后12周的(60.68±1.53)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后Lysholm评分中的指标比术前均有不同程度的提高。末次随访,所有病人的前抽屉试验、Lachman试验及轴移试验均为阴性。[结论]关节镜下采用自体半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱重建前交叉韧带的早期临床疗效满意,可以降低患膝疼痛评分、增加患膝活动度、提高IKDC评分和Lysholm评分,缩短了患者康复疗程。     

关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后早期并发症的预防及治疗

目的探讨在关节镜下应用自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带术后早期并发症的预防及治疗策略。方法自2011-01—2013-02应用自体四股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带治疗286例前交叉韧带损伤,重建韧带的股骨侧用Rigidfix横穿钉固定,胫骨侧用Intrafix带鞘螺钉固定,术后15例出现并发症(感染、下肢深静脉血栓形成、患肢肿胀、隐神经损伤),经过积极治疗,采用Lysholm、IKDC关节评分评价疗效。结果所有患者均获得随访12~24个月,平均18个月。随访期间无内固定物松动。患者术后患膝主动屈伸膝角度接近正常。术后仅1例前抽屉试验弱阳性,所有患者Lachman试验征均为阴性,轴移试验均阴性。Lysholm关节评分由术前(45.31±5.36)分提高到术后(85.02±5.13)分(t=-8.91,P=0.005),IKDC评分由术前(40.15±12.16)分提高到术后(82.47±3.52)分(t=-4.23,P=0.031),差异均有统计学意义。结论关节镜下重建前交叉韧带术后并发症并不罕见,需要早期采取预防措施,一旦出现需及时治疗,以促进关节功能的恢复。     

LARS人工韧带关节镜下重建膝前交叉韧带

目的 探讨关节镜下LARS人工韧带治疗膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）完全性损伤的疗效。方法对12例ACL完全损伤患者实施关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建术。结果12例均获随访,时间3～11个月,膝关节前直向不稳症状均消失,前抽屉试验阴性,关节功能良好,未并发急性滑膜炎。患膝伸屈度0°～120°。根据Lysholm膝关节评分法,膝关节评分由术前（45．45±1．18）分提高到术后（84．77±2．26）分。结论LARS人工韧带组织相容性好,是理想的韧带移植材料。关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建ACL完全性损伤疗效好,创伤小,并发症少,患膝稳定性早期即可完全恢复,术后关节功能能达到正常运动要求。     

关节镜下自体骨-髌腱-骨重建膝前交叉韧带

目的评价关节镜下用自体中1／3骨-髌腱-骨重建膝前交叉韧带的技术和效果。方法自2000年10月至2006年12月共65例经关节镜检查证实为前交叉韧带断裂,36例伴半月板撕裂,22例伴内侧副韧带损伤,7例伴后交叉韧带断裂。男45例,女20例;年龄20-45岁,平均29．13岁。左膝38例,右膝27例。急性损伤30例,陈旧性损伤35例。均于关节镜下行自体中1／3骨-髌腱-骨前交叉韧带重建术,采用Biofix生物可吸收界面螺钉解剖位固定重建韧带。同时,在关节镜下处理合并损伤。术后早期行CPM功能锻炼。结果术后早期均未发生严重并发症。所有患者获得随访,随访1～5年,平均3,8年。采用Lysholm评分标准评价膝关节功能,术前平均58．36分（45-80分）,术后平均92．77分（70～100分）。术后与术前相比差异有显著性（P〈0．0001）。65例患者中,61例恢复伤前运动水平,4例运动水平较伤前减低。结论该手术创伤小、关节内环境影响小,可同时进行关节内其他手术,术后功能恢复快,是重建膝前交叉韧带的有效方法。     

Simultaneous reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament by using allogeneic patellar tendon under arthroscopy

With fast development of arthroscopic surgery inChina, simple reconstruction of ACL (anteriorcrucial ligament) or PCL has been reported in number. However , the methods concerningsimultaneous reconstruction of ACL and PCL are rarelyreported. Simultaneous …     

关节镜下可吸收螺钉固定腘绳肌重建前交叉韧带疗效评价

目的评价关节镜下可吸收螺钉固定腘绳肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)的效果。方法27例患者(27膝)经关节镜检查证实均为ACL断裂,采用关节镜下自体腘绳肌重建ACL,生物可吸收螺钉解剖位固定重建韧带。结果所有病例均得到随访,时间6~24个月,均无术中、术后并发症,切口均一期愈合。IKDC综合评定:术前异常10例、严重异常17例,术后正常9例、接近正常16例、异常2例。Lysholm膝关节功能评分:由术前33~60分(平均45.7分)提高至83~96分(平均90.3分),差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下可吸收螺钉固定自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL手术创伤小、固定确实、操作简捷,近期疗效满意。     

分期修复重建膝关节多发韧带损伤的临床疗效

目的 :探讨关节镜下分期治疗膝关节多发韧带损伤的临床疗效。方法 :2006年3月至2012年6月,关节镜下分期治疗膝关节多发韧带损伤14例(14膝)。男8例,女6例;年龄20~49岁,平均(31.8±8.1)岁。患者均行X线、MR检查,提示10例前交叉韧带、后交叉韧带及内侧副韧带损伤,4例前交叉韧带、后交叉韧带及后外侧角损伤。合并内侧半月板损伤4例,外侧半月板损伤2例。Ⅰ期手术治疗内侧副韧带损伤、后交叉韧带及半月板,术后固定3周后开始主被动功能锻炼,3~6个月后膝关节活动范围正常且存在明显松弛时Ⅱ期重建前交叉韧带和(或)后交叉韧带。结果:术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染等手术相关并发症发生。患者均获随访,时间24~80个月,平均48.9个月。末次随访时膝关节Lysholm评分达87.1±2.8,优于术前19.6±0.9(t=12.3,P0.01)。国际膝关节评分委员会(International Knee Documentation Committee,IKDC)评级:9例接近正常,5例异常。结论 :关节镜下分期治疗膝关节多发韧带损伤能有效恢复膝关节稳定性和功能。     

Posttraumatic cartilage degradation progresses following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A second-look arthroscopic evaluation

BackgroundSeveral studies have demonstrated that posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis progresses even after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Few reports described zone-specific cartilaginous damages after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. This study aimed to compare the status of articular cartilage at anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with that at second-look arthroscopy.MethodsThis study included 20 patients (20 knees, 10 males and 10 females, mean age 22.4 years, Body mass index 24.4 kg/m²) that underwent arthroscopic anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and second-look arthroscopy. Mean periods from injury to reconstruction and from reconstruction to second-look arthroscopy were 3.4 and 15.3 months, respectively. Cartilage lesions were evaluated arthroscopically in the 6 articular surfaces and 40 articular subcompartments independently, and these features were graded with the International Cartilage Repair Society articular cartilage injury classification; comparisons were made between the grades at reconstruction and at second-look arthroscopy. Furthermore, clinical outcomes were assessed at reconstruction and at second-look arthroscopy, using the Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity scale, International Knee Documentation Committee score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, side-to-side difference of the KT-2000 arthrometer, and pivot shift test.ResultsEach compartment showed a deteriorated condition at second-look arthroscopy compared with the pre-reconstruction period. A significant worsening of the articular cartilage was noted in all compartments except the lateral tibial plateau and was also observed in the central region of the medial femoral condyle and trochlea after reconstruction. However, each clinical outcome was significantly improved postoperatively.ConclusionsGood cartilage conditions were restored in most subcompartments at second-look arthroscopy. Furthermore, posttraumatic osteoarthritic changes in the patellofemoral and medial compartments progressed even in the early postoperative period, although good knee stability and clinical outcomes were obtained. Care is necessary regarding the progression of osteoarthritis and the appearance of knee symptoms in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.     

Intra-articular mechanical blocks and full extension in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture frequently present with a lack of full extension. Current literature is unclear whether arthroscopic debridement is necessary before reconstruction to achieve full extension postoperatively. This study examined the postoperative extension achieved in 153 knees that underwent ACL reconstruction within 12 weeks of index injury. All patients performed preoperative physical therapy to increase range of motion and control pain/swelling, regardless of presenting range of motion without prior aspiration or arthroscopy. Of the 153 knees, 103 had meniscal pathology, of which 73 were peripheral vertical tears; 96 of the 153 knees lacked >/=3 degrees extension preoperatively. Five of 96 knees had an intra-articular mechanical block to extension and all regained full extension after ACL reconstruction. This study documented that a true intra-articular mechanical block is unusual in primary ACL ruptures. Lack of full extension can be adequately dealt with during surgical reconstruction without a detrimental effect on knee extension postoperatively.     

Effects of knee flexion angle at graft fixation on the outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Clinical outcome in 44 patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstring tendons augmented by the ligament augmentation device for chronic ACL deficiency was studied; average follow-up was 38 months (range, 24 to 52 months). In 19 patients, grafts were fixed with the knees at full extension (group 1), whereas in 25 patients, the grafts were fixed with the knees at 30° of flexion (group 2). The results of subjective testing (Lysholm score), the Lachman test, the pivot-shift test, muscle strength testing, angle of extension loss, and follow-up arthroscopy were compared to assess the effects of flexion angle at fixation on stability and function. The range of motion in group 1 was significantly better than that in group 2. The stability of the knees and the arthroscopic appearance of the grafts in group 1 were, however, significantly worse than those in Group 2.     

Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the early results of anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and compare with the results of native ACL of the contralateral knee.M...