结核性胸腔积液与恶性胸腔积液患者危险因素的对比研究

目的 探索结核性胸腔积液与恶性胸腔积液患者危险因素的不同,为临床个体化诊治胸腔积液提供依据。 方法 连续性入选2006年1月至2012年12月间在青岛市中心医院呼吸科确诊为结核性胸腔积液或恶性胸腔积液的患者264例,其中结核性胸腔积液患者147例,恶性胸腔积液患者117例。调查并比较两组患者的年龄、性别、合并糖尿病、呼吸系统基础疾病史、经济状况、工作劳累感、群体居住行为、运动量不足、进食规律性、睡眠时间、心理应激程度、吸烟指数、类似病家族史等13个项目,采用logistic单因素和多因素回归分析,对结核性胸腔积液和恶性胸腔积液的发病独立危险因素进行对比,以说明两者危险因素的差异。 结果 单因素分析结果显示,结核性胸腔积液与恶性胸腔积液两组数据比较,合并糖尿病［15.0%（22/147）vs 6.8%（8/117）,χ²=4.571,P=0.034］、经济状况差［38.1%（56/147）vs 29.9%（35/117）,χ²=5.103,P=0.028］、有群体居住行为［29.3%（43/147） vs 9.4%（11/117）,χ²=4.977,P=0.030］,是结核性胸腔积液的危险因素;年龄＞40岁［45.6%（67/147）vs 78.6%（92/117）,χ²=4.752,P=0.032］、心理应激程度高［15.0%（22/147）vs 33.3%（39/117）,χ²=6.031,P=0.017］、吸烟指数＞400［25.9%（38/147）vs 32.5%（38/117）,χ²=5.228,P=0.024］和有类似病家族史［9.5%（14/147）vs 34.2%（40/117）,χ²=3.976,P=0.046］是恶性胸腔积液的危险因素。在排除其他因素影响后,合并糖尿病（χ²=5.391,P=0.027,OR=2.457,95%CI：5.051～1.773）和群体居住行为（χ²=5.491,P=0.022,OR=3.636,95%CI：6.494～2.584）仍然是结核性胸腔积液的危险因素;年龄＞40岁（χ²=5.364,P=0.022,OR=2.323,95%CI：1.197～2.588）和有类似病家族史（χ²=5.897,P=0.021,OR=3.080,95%CI：2.233～4.018）是恶性胸腔积液危险因素。 结论 胸腔积液患者如果合并糖尿病或有群体居住行为更容易出现结核性胸腔积液,如果年龄＞40岁或有类似病家族史,更容易出现恶性胸腔积液。     

Serum-synovial gradient data of normouricemic patients with history of gout and acute knee effusion

The etiology of arthritis episodes in normouricemic patients with gout is still unclear. We propose that the fluctuation in synovial urate level, as well as pH, ion strength, albumin, and globulin values relative to serum levels, could be involved in crystal formation. To assess serum–synovial gradient (SSG), the sera and synovial fluid (SF) of six normouricemic patients (men, age 48–79) with a history of gout (American College of Rheumatology criteria) and acute knee effusion were screened for uric acid, pH, osmolality (Osm), P/Ca, albumin, globulin, and SSG. Monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) crystals were determined by polarized light (PL). Infectious arthritis was ruled out via Gram staining and synovial fluid culture. Negative X-ray and PL microscopy results excluded chondrocalcinosis. Five patients (1–5) had inflammatory knee effusion (WBC >2,000/mm³), and one (patient 6) had noninflammatory knee effusion (600 WBC/mm³). MSUM crystals were found in the WBC of patient 1 only. He had tophaceous gout with normal serum uric acid levels and showed significant negative Osm and P and positive Ca SSG. Two crystal negative patients had severe negative pH SSG with alkaline synovial fluid, significant P/Ca SSG, and high positive globulin SSG, while one of them had supersaturated SF uric acid content. The other patients displayed an increased Osm and P/Ca SSG. All SSG values were five to ten times higher than the coefficient of variance for used methods. Noninflammatory SF of patient 6 does not appear to be related to active gout. The data on SSG for MSUM, pH, Osm, Alb/Glob, and P/Ca in normouricemic patients with gout history and acute knee effusion was not homogeneous. We propose that acid–base and ionic–protein gradient may lead to instability of subsaturated urate solution, thereby predisposing to MSUM deposits within synovial membrane and inducing inflammation.     

A double blind,randomized, placebo controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of erythromycin in patients with knee effusion due to osteoarthritis

Objective: The efficacy of erythromycin in treatment of knee effusion due to osteoarthritis was evaluated. Method: We assessed efficacy and safety of erythromycin during 16 weeks in patients enrolled in a randomized double‐blind study. One hundred and eight patients with knee effusion due to osteoarthritis (OA) received 12‐week courses of erythromycin or placebo allocated randomly, and were followed for 4 months. Acetaminophen 650 mg/day was used in both groups, while they received no other anti‐inflammatory drugs (such as corticosteroid or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs) during the course of the study. Our patients were divided in two groups, erythromycin in doses of 200 mg four times per day was given to the first group (51 patients) over the first 3 months of the study and in the second group we used placebo with the same dosage and schedule (53 patients). Outcomes improvement for the erythromycin‐treated group was assessed by a significantly higher mean score from baseline to the end of the trial, compared with placebo group. Patients were examined monthly during the treatment period. Measurement values included recording of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire subscales (pain, stiffness and function), range of motion and knee circumference. Results: Erythromycin produced a higher response rate than placebo in treatment of knee effusion due to OA. Significant reduction in knee circumference (P < 0.0005) and pain (P < 0.001) with functional improvement (P < 0.0005) were seen. At the first month after treatment, 11.8% (6 patients) in erythromycin and 9.4% (5 patients) in placebo groups had 50% pain reduction, which was not significant (P = 0.75). At the fourth month, 50% reduction of pain was seen in 45.1% (23 patients) of the erythromycin and 11.3% (6 patients) of the placebo group. This was statistically significant (P < 0.0005). Erythromycin treatment was well tolerated and mild adverse events caused no discontinuation during the study. Conclusion: This is a placebo‐controlled study of macrolid efficacy on knee effusion due to OA in a short period. Results of this research showed the better efficacy of erythromycin in controlling effusion and pain with functional improvement in patients with knee effusion due to OA.     

Delayed internal pancreatic fistula with pancreatic pleural effusion postsplenectomy

The occurrence of pancreatic pleural effusion,secondary to an internal pancreatic fistula,is a rare clinical syndrome and diagnosis is often missed.The key to the diagnosis is a dramatically elevated pleural fluid amylase.This pancreatic pleural effusion is also called a pancreatic pleural fistula.It is characterized by profuse pleural fluid and has a tendency to recur.Here we report a case of delayed internal pancreatic fistula with pancreatic pleural effusion emerging after splenectomy.From the treatment ...     

Pericardial effusion associated with subclinical hypothyroidism

Previous studies have suggested that subclinical thyroid dysfunction, as manifested by abnormalities in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, are associated with detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. Subclinical hyperthyroidism is an increasingly recognized entity that is defined as a normal serum free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine levels with a thyroid-stimulating hormone level suppressed below the normal range and usually undetectable. It has been reported that subclinical hyperthyroidism is not associated with coronary heart disease or mortality from cardiovascular causes but it is sufficient to induce arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. It has also been reported that increased factor X activity in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism represents a potential hypercoagulable state. Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined by elevated serum levels of TSH with normal levels of free thyroid hormones. Subclinical hypothyroidism is characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism, cardiac dysfunction, diastolic hypertension conferring an elevated risk of atherosclerosis, and ischemic heart disease. It has been reported that sub-clinical hypothyroidism is associated with both, a significant risk of coronary heart disease at baseline and at follow-up and that mortality from cardiovascular causes is significantly higher at follow-up. However subclinical thyroid dysfunction is currently the subject of numerous studies and remains controversial, particularly as it relates to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and clinical applications. Pericardial effusion can be present in systemic disorders including hypothyroidism. We present a case of subclinical hypothyroidism in a 41-year-old Italian woman with an ubiquitary pericardial effusion. Also this case focuses attention on subclinical hypothyroidism.     

内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用

目的 分析内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的价值及其安全性.方法 对我院呼吸内科及重症医学科2010年4月至2013年4月收治的92例不明原因胸腔积液患者行内科胸腔镜检查,观察胸膜病变,直视下病变处多部位活检并行病理检查.结果 92例胸腔积液患者确诊84例,诊断阳性率为91.3％,其中恶性胸腔积液48例,结核性胸腔积液29例,非特异性炎症4例,化脓性胸膜炎2例,结节病1例,病因不明8例,术后疼痛11例,发热3例,出血1例.结论 内科胸腔镜检查有助于进一步明确不明原因胸腔积液的病因,且患者耐受性好、安全、有效,值得临床推广应用.     

115例心包积液患者病因及误诊分析

目的分析115例心包积液患者的病因变化及误诊原因。方法收集我院1995～2004年收治的115例心包积液患者的临床资料并进行回顾性分析。结果心包积液常见病因依次为肿瘤性(19.1%)、结核性(18.3%)、非特异性(13.9%)、心力衰竭性(12.2%)、尿毒症性(6.1%)和结缔组织疾病(5.2%),其他各种原因引起者占14.8%,肿瘤已成为心包积液的首要病因。误诊8例。结论肿瘤是心包积液的首要病因。误诊的主要原因是将肿瘤性心包积液诊断为其他性质的心包积液。     

Site potential for challenge attrition in mice, rats and guinea pigs vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni

The potential sites of attrition of a challenge population of schistosomes have been investigated in mice, rats and guinea pigs vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni, by the use of challenge regimens that permit sequential site elimination. Vaccinated mice showed significant immunity to a percutaneous cercarial challenge, but were only marginally resistant to an i.v. challenge with healthy lung stage worms. Vaccinated rats and guinea pigs differed from mice, in that they were able to mediate significant challenge attrition at post-skin sites. Healthy lung worms were subject to immune elimination by rats in the lungs, or perhaps en route to the liver, but not in the liver itself. In contrast, guinea pigs had the capacity to kill challenge lung worms injected into either the lungs or the liver. Interestingly, lung worms harvested by extended incubation were shown to be sub-optimal in terms of viability, since they were eliminated in significant numbers when injected i.v. into vaccinated mice. These data show that different hosts vaccinated in essentially the same manner differ in terms of their site potential for challenge attrition. It is emphasised however, that sites implicated by these experiments as having the capacity to mediate immune elimination are not necessarily the sites at which challenge attrition occurs under normal circumstances.     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤合并肺结核/结核性胸腔积液的临床特征分析

目的:分析恶性胸膜间皮瘤(MPM)合并肺结核/结核性胸腔积液(TPE)患者的临床特征,以加强对该类疾病的认识,减少误诊误治。方法:收集首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院2012年2月至2020年2月MPM并肺结核/TPE患者病例资料14例,回顾性分析其临床症状、体征、实验室检查,胸部影像特征等,以总结其特点。结果:剧烈且进行...     

玻璃酸钠对老年膝关节炎患者本体感觉的影响

目的 研究关节内注射玻璃酸钠后对老年膝骨关节炎患者膝关节本体感觉的影响.方法 共53例老年患者入选该研究.受试者被随机分为治疗组(35例)和安慰剂组(18例).治疗组患者行双侧膝关节玻璃酸钠(阿尔治)关节内注射,安慰剂组则予双侧膝关节注射生理盐水.测量膝关节本体感觉,西方安大略和麦克马斯特大学(WOMAC)骨关节炎指数评分表用于评估膝关节疼痛和功能改善情况.结果 共50例患者100个膝关节进行了评估,平均绝对角误差值在第4次注射后1周,治疗组明显低于安慰剂组,分别为(1.8±0.9)分和(2.9±1.1)分(t=2.42,P=0.02);治疗组WOMAC积分在注射玻璃酸钠1周后开始明显下降,治疗组和安慰剂组WOMAC积分分别为(8.7±3.1)分和(11.5±4.0)分(t=0.73,P＜0.05).结论 老年膝骨关节炎患者关节内注射玻璃酸钠可短时间改善膝关节本体感觉及疼痛.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the short-term effects of intra-articular injection of hyaluronan on proprioception of the knee in gerontal patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Methods The 53 gerontal patients were included in this study. The study included treatment group (n=35) and the placebo group (n=18). Hyaluronan was intra-articularly injected into both knees of the subjects in treatment group, whereas physiological saline was intra-articularly injected in the placebo group. Proprioception test was performed, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities(WOMAC) scales were used to evaluate pain and physical function. Results Statistical analysis was performed on 100 knees of 50 patients who completed the trial. Compared with the placebo group,the average absolute angular error (AAAE) value in the treatment group was detected to be statistically lower one week after the 4th injection (1.8±0.9 vs.2.9±1.1,t=2.42,P=0.02),and WOMAC was lower in the treatment group after one week (8.7±3.1 vs.11.5±4.0, t=0.73,P＜0.05). Conclusions Intra-articular injection of hyaluronan in gerontal patients with knee OA leads to a short-term increase in proprioception, and significant improvement in the functional conditions of patients.     

老年人胸腔积液32例鉴别诊断分析

目的探讨老年人胸腔积液的鉴别诊断。临床资料32例胸腔积液患者,年龄55～80,平均70岁。心衰16例,肺癌2例,结核性胸膜炎9例,脓胸2例,液气胸3例。讨论老年人胸腔积液必须注意心衰、结核、肿瘤、系统性疾病的鉴别诊断。     

Ultrasonographic evaluation of synovial effusion and synovial proliferation pattern in the knee joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

In the present study, 49 knee joints of 26 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 17 knee joints of 17 healthy subjects were ultrasonographically examined. Lateral, superior, and medial aspects of the patella were scanned using an ultrasonograph with a 7.5-MHz annular array transducer to evaluate the thickness of synovial effusion and the synovial proliferation pattern. The overall mean thickness of synovial effusion (mean of all three sites) in the knee joints was 4.9 ± 3.4 mm for rheumatoid arthritis patients and 1.4 ± 0.5 mm for healthy subjects. In rheumatoid arthritis patients, the mean thickness of synovial effusion at the superior aspect of the patella (6.5 ± 4.1 mm) was significantly greater than that at the lateral aspect (4.5 ± 4.8 mm) (P < 0.05) and the medial aspect (4.0 ± 3.1 mm) (P < 0.01). Patients with the villonodular pattern of synovial proliferation had a shorter duration of disease than those with uniform thickening or an overlapping pattern. Received: May 1, 2001 / Accepted: August 6, 2001     

Preoperative timed single leg standing time is associated with the postoperative activity of daily living in aged disabled patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis at six-months after undergoing total knee arthroplasty

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect size (ES) of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for the symptoms and lower limb function and identify preoperative factor(s) associated with the post-operative activity of daily living (ADL) in aged patients with end-stage knee OA undergoing TKA.

Methods: Fifty-nine aged patients with end-stage knee OA (mean age: 74.6 years) were enrolled in this study. The symptoms and lower limb function of the patients were evaluated using the Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM), the timed up and go (TUG) test and timed single-legged stance test with eyes open (TSLS) before and after six months from the operation.

Results: While the ES of TKA for the improvement of pain was 2.83, the ES of TKA for the improvement of ADL, TUG and TSLS were 1.30, 0.59, and 0.49, respectively. While the post-operative ADL score was not associated with the preoperative ADL or pain scores, it was associated with the preoperative TUG and TSLS scores. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the one preoperative factor associated with the postoperative ADL was the TSLS.

Conclusion: The preoperative TSLS is associated with the postoperative ADL in aged disabled patients with end-stage knee OA.     

Acute respiratory distress associated with external jugular vein catheterization in the newborn

We report on the acute onset of respiratory distress secondary to fluid accumulation in the chest within hours of placement of an external jugular venous line in a newborn. External jugular venous catheterization in the newborn is a procedure with potentially serious complications, and should be avoided unless the patient is monitored closely.     

Early stages of gallstone formation in guinea pig are associated with decreased biliary sensitivity to cholecystokinin

The purpose of this study was to measure differences in gallbladder sensitivity to cholecystokinin (CCK)in vivo during the early stages of gallstone formation and to correlate these findings to gallbladder CCK receptors. Guinea pigs were placed on either a normal diet or a two-week cholelithogenic diet, after which gallbladder emptying pressure to exogenously administered CCK was measuredin vivo, according to the presence or absence of gallstones. At all doses of CCK tested (except 10^–10 mol/kg), the gallbladder response to CCK of guinea pigs that did not develop gallstones (on the cholelithogenic diet) was more sensitive than that of guinea pigs that did develop gallstones. Neither group was different from guinea pigs on a normal diet. In a second experiment, CCK receptors were measured on gallbladder muscularis from guinea pigs after two weeks on the same diet as in the first experiment. Those guinea pigs that did not develop gallstones had greater concentrations of CCK receptors (149±9 fmol/mg protein) than those that did develop gallstones (70±23 fmol/mg protein). Neither group was different from normal diet guinea pigs (119±57 fmol/mg protein). At the time point measured, there were no differences in the lipid chemistry, or protein concentrations of gallbladder bile between the guinea pigs on the cholelithogenic diet that did or did not develop gallstones, or those on normal guinea pig chow. We conclude that the early stages of gallstone formation in guinea pigs are associated with decreased gallbladder sensitivity to CCK and that this change may be due to a lower concentration of CCK receptors on the gallbladder smooth muscle.Supported by the Wellcome Foundation, Ethicon Foundation, and British Digestive FoundationSupported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (5R37 DK 15241-19, P01 DK 35608, and CA 38657)