腰椎管狭窄症伴腰椎退变性失稳患者的手术方式研究

目的：回顾性分析腰椎管狭窄症伴腰椎退变性失稳患者的手术方法及其疗效。方法：对我院2005年1月至2009年3月96例行手术治疗的腰椎管狭窄症伴腰椎退变性失稳的临床资料进行总结,根据是否辅以内固定分为内固定组及开窗组,评价两组之间的疗效。结果：内固定组优良率71.9%（46/64）,开窗组优良率50.0%（16/32）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;内固定组的平均手术时间和平均失血量超过开窗组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;在术后并发症方面,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：对于腰椎管狭窄症伴腰椎退变性失稳的患者采用全椎板切除、椎弓根螺钉内固定加椎体间融合的手术方式是较好的选择。     

Dynesys动态稳定系统治疗伴邻近节段退变腰椎退变性疾病的临床疗效

目的探讨Dynesys动态稳定系统（Dynesys）治疗伴邻近节段退变腰椎退变性疾病的临床疗效及并发症,并与腰椎后路椎体间融合手术（PLIF）进行比较。方法选择2011年12月至2015年2月伴邻近节段退变的单节段腰椎退变性疾病患者75例,其中采用Dynesys结合后路椎板减压治疗39例（Dynesys组）,采用PLIF治疗36例（PLIF组）。记录两组患者术前及末次随访时Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）和疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分;拍摄腰椎正侧位及前屈后伸位X线片,测量手术节段椎间隙高度和活动度。末次随访时进行椎间盘退变UCLA分级评价,并与术前分级进行对比。结果两组患者末次随访时ODI和VAS评分均较术前明显改善（均P＜0.05）,但两组末次随访组间比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。两组患者末次随访时手术节段椎间隙高度均较术前升高,且末次随访时PLIF组均大于Dynesys组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。末次随访时两组手术节段活动度均下降,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。按照UCLA分级,Dynesys组39个节段中有4个节段较术前退变加重,PLIF组36个节段中有13个节段较术前退变加重,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组各有1例出现症状性退变。结论Dynesys是目前治疗腰椎退变性疾病可选择的一种有效的非融合性内固定技术,虽然对于已存在的邻近节段退变,远期仍有出现症状性邻椎病的可能性,但是在严格掌握适应证的基础上,Dynesys仍然是临床疗效较好的治疗方式。     

脊髓造影与MRI对腰椎退变性疾病诊断的对比观察

目的探讨脊髓造影和MRI对腰椎退变性疾病的临床诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经术中验证的121例腰椎退变性疾病患者腰椎的脊髓造影及MRI影像资料,以术中诊断为金标准。用χ2检验评价脊髓造影和MRI对腰椎退变性疾病临床诊断的差异。结果脊髓造影和MRI在诊断腰椎退变性疾病中,脊髓造影诊断符合率为89.33%,MRI为84.47%,无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;在诊断腰椎间盘突出症中,MRI敏感度优于脊髓造影,在腰椎管狭窄症和腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎管狭窄症诊断中,脊髓造影检查要优于MRI,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论脊髓造影和MRI在诊断腰椎退变性疾病中有各自优点,两者不能相互替代,应根据不同疾病合理选择检查。     

椎体间融合术治疗腰椎退变性疾病的术后护理

目的 总结腰椎椎体间融合术治疗腰椎退变性疾病的术后护理.方法 20例腰椎退变性疾病患者在接受腰椎体间融合术后实行相应护理.结果 20例腰椎退变性疾病患者均顺利完成手术,手术疗效显著,在住院期间未发生护理并发症.结论 腰椎椎体间融合术治疗腰椎退变性疾病是一种新的手术方式,全面、细致的护理是手术成功的重要保证.     

后路钉棒系统联合椎间融合治疗退变性腰椎滑脱的疗效分析

目的分析研究退变性腰椎滑脱采用后路钉棒系统结合椎间融合治疗的临床治疗效果。方法抽取2007年7月-2013年11月在该院收治的患有退变性腰椎滑脱的病人60例,对其采取后路钉棒系统结合椎间融合治疗,对其临床治疗效果给予分析。结果手术后,根据JOA临床腰椎手术评分系统进行评价,其中：显效56例,有效3例,无效1例,临床治疗总体有效率为98.3%;腰椎滑脱：完全纠正55例,改善（滑脱部分纠正）3例,无改善2例,手术后病人整体复位率96.7%;椎间融合：融合57例,固定2例,融合失败1例,术后融合率95%。上述指标和临床治疗前相对比,其差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论退变性腰椎滑脱采用后路钉棒系统结合椎间融合共同治疗,可以获得明显的临床治疗效果,使病人健康生活质量得到保障,具有临床推广价值。     

改良经椎间孔入路腰椎体间融合治疗老年单节段腰椎退变性疾病临床观察

目的探讨改良经椎间孔入路腰椎体间融合术(TLIF)治疗老年单节段腰椎退变性疾病的临床观察。方法按随机数字表法将2016年1月至2018年3月就诊于该院的86例老年单节段腰椎退变性疾病患者分为对照组、研究组,每组43例。研究组行TLIF术,对照组行改良后路腰椎体间融合术(PLIF),对比两组手术情况、活动功能、腰背部疼痛程度与并发症发生情况。结果研究组术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量与对照组相比较低,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);研究组Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(ODI)评分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分均低于对照组,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组并发症总发生率与对照组相比较低,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论与PLIF相比,老年单节段腰椎退变性疾病行TLIF治疗,患者腰椎活动功能与减轻腰背疼痛程度改善效果更佳,且具有创伤小、并发症少等优势。     

椎弓根螺钉与椎间融合器联合固定在治疗腰椎退变性疾病中的应用

目的：回顾分析椎弓根螺钉与椎间融合器联合固定治疗腰椎退变性疾病的疗效。探讨其在治疗腰椎退变性疾病中的作用。方法：对52例腰椎退行性疾病的患者进行手术治疗,同时行椎弓根螺钉与椎间融合器联合固定。结果：经2-8年随访,所有患者均获得骨性愈合;无神经系统并发症;临床满意率达86.7%。结论：椎弓根螺钉与椎间融合器联合固定治疗腰椎退变性疾病能在保证脊柱稳定性的同时,解除患者的临床症状,效果肯定。     

腰椎退行性疾病手术患者椎间盘退变及责任间隙分布情况研究

背景　椎间盘退变是一系列腰椎退行性疾病的始动因素,既往研究多集中于腰椎间盘退变的流行病学及影像学研究方面,而关于严重腰腿痛的腰椎退行性疾病患者需手术干预的研究少见,其椎间盘退变分布规律并不明确,而责任间隙（手术节段）退变分布情况鲜有报道。目的　分析腰椎退行性疾病手术患者椎间盘退变及责任间隙分布规律。方法　选择2012年1月-2016年2月于中国人民解放军第960医院行腰椎正侧位、过伸过屈位X线和腰椎矢状位MRI检查并确诊为腰椎退行性疾病患者503例,分析腰椎间盘退变及责任间隙分布特点〔包括腰椎失稳、Modic改变、高信号区域（HIZ）、许莫结节（SN）〕;椎间盘退变分级采用Pfirrmann分级标准,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级为正常椎间盘,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级为退变椎间盘（其中Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级为严重退变）;多间隙椎间盘退变采用自定义W分级标准,即两个及以上节段椎间盘退变程度。结果　503例患者共2 515个腰椎间盘,退变率为74.08%（1 863/2 515）,严重退变率36.46%（917/2 515）。上腰椎椎间盘（L1~2、L2~3）退变率为56.96%（573/1 006）,严重退变率为34.55%（198/573）;下腰椎椎间盘（L3~4、L4~5、L5~S1）退变率为85.49%（1 290/1 509）,严重退变率为55.74%（719/1 290）。下腰椎椎间盘退变率、严重退变率均高于上腰椎（P<0.05）。≥40岁女性腰椎间盘退变率高于男性（P<0.05）。<40岁男性腰椎失稳发生率与女性比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;而Modic改变、HIZ、SN发生率两性别间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。≥40岁女性腰椎失稳发生率高于男性（P<0.05）;而Modic改变、HIZ、SN发生率两性别间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。≥40岁男性Modic改变、HIZ与女性腰椎失稳、HIZ、SN与<40岁者发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。腰椎失稳、Modic改变、SN和HIZ腰椎退变节段分布情况比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。手术节段单间隙381例,两间隙102例,三间隙14例,四间隙4例,五间隙2例;责任间隙椎间盘退变率为99.01%（498/503）,严重退变率为62.82%（316/503）。结论　腰椎退行性疾病手术患者的椎间盘退变率较高,且女性较高,下腰椎椎间盘高于上腰椎椎间盘,女性腰椎失稳、Modic改变发生率均高于男性,SN发生率低于男性,40岁是男性Modic改变及HIZ发生的转折点,也是女性腰椎失稳、HIZ、SN发生的转折点。责任间隙椎间盘大部分发生退变,且严重退变率较高。     

霍夫曼征在颈椎退变性疾病的临床诊断和预后价值的研究

目的　探究霍夫曼征在颈椎退变性疾病的临床应用价值。方法　回顾性分析2017年6月至2019年1月在我科接受颈椎前路减压融合术的104患者资料，包括霍夫曼征阳性患者49例、阴性患者55例。评估患者的一般临床表现、临床体征、MRI影像学、临床评分和手术相关并发症。采用ROC曲线评估霍夫曼征与术前临床评分的相关性。结果　与霍夫曼征阴性组相比，霍夫曼征阳性组患者多表现为术前脊髓高信号，术前临床评分和术后神经功能恢复情况均较差（P均<0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示，霍夫曼征预测术前JOA评分的灵敏度是85.291%，特异度是42.223%，AUC是0.666（95%CI 0.547～0.785，P=0.112）；预测Nurick评分的灵敏度是67.654%，特异度是75.561%，AUC是0.731（95% CI 0.618～0.845，(P <0.01）。对JOA亚项评分进行分析结果显示，与霍夫曼征阴性组相比，霍夫曼征阳性组患者的术前上肢运动功能和下肢感觉功能均较差（p均<0.01）。ROC曲线分析结果显示，霍夫曼征预测上肢运动功能的灵敏度是47.061%，特异度是 80.000%，AUC是0.731（95% CI 0.5611～0.7978，p=0.006）；预测下肢感觉功能的灵敏度是44.123%，特异度是84.447%，AUC是0.660（p=0.016; 95% CI 0.536～0.783）。结论　霍夫曼征可作为一个可靠反映颈椎退变性疾病患者的术前临床表现和术后功能恢复状态的临床指标，尤其对预测上肢运动和下肢感觉功能恢复有较高的临床价值。     

选择性神经根封闭术治疗腰椎退变性疾病的疗效初步评定及研究

目的 分析选择性神经根封闭术治疗腰椎退变性疾病的疗效,为临床提供参考.方法 随机选取该院2011年5月—2014年9月间收治的60例腰椎退变性疾病患者作为观察对象,对60例腰椎退变性疾病患者均采取选择性神经根封闭术进行治疗,观察比较60例腰椎退变性疾病患者治疗前后的疼痛评分以及生活质量评分.结果 60例患者治疗前的疼痛评分为(7.41±1.54)分,治疗后的疼痛评分为(3.69±2.13)分,经比较发现,60例腰椎退变性疾病患者治疗前后的疼痛评分的比较结果差异有统计学意义;且60例腰椎退变性疾病患者治疗前后生活质量评分的比较结果,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对腰椎退变性疾病患者采取选择性神经根封闭术进行治疗,能够有效减轻患者的疼痛,提高患者的生活质量,值得推广.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.