Irradiation and immunotherapy: From concept to the clinic

In recent years, an increased understanding of T‐cell–regulatory mechanisms has led to the development of a novel class of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors that have robust clinical activity against a broad array of malignancies—even those that historically were not believed to be sensitive to immune therapy. With this, there has been renewed interest in the potential for synergy with more traditional forms of anticancer therapy like radiation therapy (RT). The role of RT in palliation or as definitive treatment for certain malignancies has been well established. Yet, in recent years, the concept has come to light that RT could be an attractive partner for use in combination with other immunotherapies. The effects of RT include not only control of an irradiated tumor but also multiple immunomodulatory effects on both the tumor and the microenvironment, priming tumors for an immune‐mediated response. Herein, the authors summarize relevant preclinical data and rationale supporting the synergy of combined RT and immunotherapy and highlight recent clinical work on promising combination strategies. Cancer 2016;122:1659‐71 . © 2016 American Cancer Society.     

MAP3K1基因rs16886165位点多态性与乳腺癌分子亚型遗传易感性的关系

目的 作为一种高度异质性的恶性肿瘤,乳腺癌不同分子亚型临床特征、形态学表现和复发转移机制各异,但尚无MAP3K1基因多态性与乳腺癌亚型遗传易感性的研究报道.本研究拟深入探讨MAP3K1基因rs16886165位点T→G多态性与中国南方汉族女性散发性乳腺癌及其4种分子亚型易感性的关系.方法 应用MassARRAY(R)-IPLEX 单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)分型技术对2009-04-20-2014-07-20来自南方医科大学南方医院(149例)、广州军区总医院(190例)、南昌大学第一附属医院(100例)、重庆市肿瘤医院(170例)的609例南方汉族女性乳腺癌患者和635名(南方医科大学南方医院333名,广州军区总医院55名,南昌大学第一附属医院90名,重庆市肿瘤医院157名)同期健康女性MAP3K1基因rs16886165位点进行基因分型;SNPStats在线分析软件比较两组在等位基因和基因型分布频率上的差异,非条件Logistic回归评价多态性位点与乳腺癌易感性的相关性;根据雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)和人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER2)的免疫组化结果,将病例分为Luminal A、Luminal B、HER2富集型和三阴型,并进行分层分析.结果 Recessive 模型(与T/T+T/G相比)结果提示,MAP3K1基因rs16886165位点G/G基因型与乳腺癌的易感性升高存在统计学关联(OR=1.45,95％CI:1.01～2.08);但分层分析结果显示,rs16886165位点多态性仅与Luminal B型乳腺癌的易感性存在统计学关联,无论是Co-dominant模型中与T/T基因型相比(ORG/G=2.10,95％CI:1.18～3.73),还是Recessive 模型中与T/T+T/G相比(ORG/G=1.98,95％CI:1.14～3.46),携带G/G基因型患者发生Luminal-B型乳腺癌的风险均显著增加.结论 MAP3K1基因rs16886165位点纯合基因型(G/G)与南方汉族女性散发性乳腺癌中的Luminal-B亚型易感性相关.