Ⅰ期手术联合肠道灌洗治疗结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的临床效果观察

目的探讨手术联合肠道灌洗治疗结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的方法与效果。方法选取某院于2015年1月至2017年1月收治的72例结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻患者,随机分成两组,对照组行Ⅰ期肿瘤切除吻合术或Ⅰ期吻合造瘘术,联合组在对照组基础上增加术中肠道灌洗操作。观察两组患者术后并发症发生情况以及术后生活质量情况。结果术后,两组患者腹腔感染、肺部感染、脏器功能衰竭和感染性休克发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);联合组吻合口瘘、切口感染发生率和死亡率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。联合组患者KPS评分优良率为82.86%,明显高于对照组的60.00%(P0.05)。结论Ⅰ期手术治疗结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻,临床疗效显著,术中行肠道灌洗,能够充分减轻结直肠的粪便负荷,有效改善肠壁血运,减少肠道细菌的数量,有效降低术后感染与吻合口瘘发生率,改善预后。     

经下腹部正中切口腹膜前修补术治疗腹股沟嵌顿疝的临床疗效

目的:探讨嵌顿疝急诊经下腹部正中切口行腹膜前修补手术的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2016年8月因嵌顿疝行急诊手术的126例患者的临床资料。根据手术切口将其分为两组:观察组为下腹部正中切口,共41例;对照组为传统腹股沟区切口,共85例。比较两组围手术期情况及远期疗效。结果:观察组41例中,35例完成腹膜前Ⅰ期无张力修补,术后复发1例再次修补,2例行坏死肠段切除吻合。对照组85例中,8例复发(其中7例再次修补),33例行Ⅰ期无张力修补术(其中1例复发再次修补),3例行坏死肠段切除吻合。观察组Ⅰ期行疝无张力修补术率较对照组高(85.4%vs 38.8%,P0.001),补片修补总的手术并发症(包括慢性疼痛、异物感、疝复发、切口感染及局部血清肿)发生率较对照组低(5.7%vs24.2%,P=0.031)。两组手术时间、住院天数、围手术期急性疼痛、尿潴留等差异无统计学意义。结论:经下腹部正中切口行腹膜前嵌顿疝无张力修补术操作简单,可提高嵌顿疝Ⅰ期无张力修补率,且手术并发症发生率低,适合临床推广应用。     

结肠穿孔40例手术治疗体会

目的探讨急诊手术治疗不同病因致结肠穿孔的手术方式和治疗方法。方法对40例不同原因导致的结肠穿孔患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。对8例自发性乙状结肠穿孔患者,行破裂肠管切除、远端关闭、近端造口术;对13例外伤性结肠破裂患者行Ⅰ期切除吻合术;对14例癌性结肠穿孔患者行Ⅰ期切除吻合术;对3例乙状结肠扭转肠坏死穿孔患者行分期手术;对2例纤维结肠镜检致穿孔患者行肠穿孔修补术。结果治愈36例,治愈率为90%;死亡4例,病死率为10%。结论对结肠穿孔的治疗根据患者的全身情况以及穿孔的病因选择合适的手术方式是治疗成功的关键。     

结肠液囊管一期修复猪结肠穿孔的研究

目的:研究结肠液囊管能否作为一种安全、可靠的新技术对结肠穿孔进行有效的一期修复,尤其是能否在结肠穿孔48～72h以上,腹腔严重感染的环境下有效修复结肠穿孔。方法:将西藏小型猪随机分为两组,处理组与对照组,每组15头,处理组采用结肠液囊管在电视腹腔镜下对结肠穿孔进行一期修补,对照组以传统一期穿孔缝合近段结肠造瘘,二期结肠回纳手术。修补后第7、14、21天检测穿孔愈合情况:比较穿孔部位的爆破压(BP)、愈合部位组织中微血管密度(MD)及羟脯氨酸含量(HC)。结果:处理组15例均顺利完成,无动物死亡,穿孔部位愈合良好,无肠管狭窄及坏死发生。术后第7、14、21天BP处理组均高于对照组(P<0.05);术后第7、14天处理组HC高于对照组(P<0.001),术后第21天两组无显著差异(P=0.139);术后第7天MD处理组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:应用结肠液囊管技术一期修复结肠穿孔是安全、可靠且有效。     

高龄大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者Ⅰ期切除吻合术治疗的效果

目的探讨高龄大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者采用Ⅰ期切除吻合术治疗的临床效果。方法选取104例高龄大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组52例。对照组行常规Miles手术治疗,观察组采用Ⅰ期切除吻合术治疗,比较2组患者的并发症发生率和术后6个月及1年的生存率。结果对照组共发生伤口感染9例,尿路感染5例,腹腔感染4例,吻合口瘘3例,伤口裂开2例,并发症发生率为44.23%;观察组发生伤口感染3例,尿路感染、腹腔感染、吻合口瘘和伤口裂开各1例,并发症发生率为13.46%。对照组并发症发生率明显高于观察组(P<0.01)。观察组术后6个月和1年生存率均高于对照组(95.74%比76.74%,P<0.01;72.34%比46.51%,P<0.05)。结论高龄大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者采用Ⅰ期切除吻合术治疗疗效显著,安全性较高。更多还原     

老年人急性下消化道穿孔的临床特点及治疗分析

目的:探讨老年人下消化道穿孔的病因、临床特点、手术方式及结局,为临床治疗该病提供参考。方法:选取2018年1月—2023年6月医院急诊收治的老年急性下消化道穿孔患者54例为研究对象。采取回顾性分析方法,根据患者的消化道穿孔不同部位,将其分为小肠穿孔组与结直肠穿孔组,并对两组患者的一般资料、辅助检查、病因、治疗方案及结局等进行分析。结果:54例患者中,小肠穿孔20例,穿孔原因分别为异物9例、淋巴瘤4例、不明原因4例、憩室炎2例、炎症性肠病1例;结直肠穿孔34例,穿孔原因分别为结肠肿瘤19例、粪石性6例、医源性5例、憩室炎3例、异物1例。两组患者CT检查的阳性率均为100%;结直肠组炎症指标及乳酸水平高于小肠组。小肠穿孔组患者均通过穿孔修补或病变肠管切除吻合获得治愈,并发切口感染2例、腹腔残余脓肿1例。结直肠组行穿孔修补6例(5例医源性穿孔和1例憩室穿孔),病变肠管切除、Ⅰ期吻合16例,病灶切除、肠造口术8例,仅肠造口术4例;结肠直组治愈28例,死亡6例;切口感染6例。结论:异物是导致老年人小肠穿孔的主要原因之一,肿瘤是结直肠穿孔的最主要原因,粪石、医源性所致结直肠肠穿孔亦占较高的比例。腹...     

结肠穿孔22例临床诊治体会

目的探讨不同病因致结肠穿孔的手术方式及治疗方法。方法对22例不同原因的结肠穿孔手术患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果 22例中死亡5例(占22.7%)。3例自发性乙状结肠穿孔中2例行破裂肠管切除、远端关闭、近端结肠造口术,死亡1例。1例纤维结肠镜检致横结肠穿孔,行肠穿孔裂孔修补术。11例癌性结肠穿孔:4例采用Ⅰ期切除吻合,7例分期手术,其中死亡3例。1例乙状结肠扭转肠坏死穿孔,经分期手术而治愈。6例外伤性结肠破裂:3例采用Ⅰ期切除吻合,2例分期手术治愈,死亡1例。结论 结肠穿孔的手术方式是决定预后的关键,治疗上应当个体化,需根据患者全身情况、腹腔污染程度、穿孔病因来决定手术的方式。     

腹腔镜与传统开腹在老年患者胃十二指肠穿孔修补术中的对比研究

目的 比较腹腔镜与传统开腹行胃十二肠穿孔修补术在老年患者中的效果.方法 将41例胃十二指肠穿孔的老年患者按随机数字表法分为2组,腹腔镜组17例,行腹腔镜穿孔修补术;开腹组24例,行传统开腹胃十二指肠穿孔修补术.对2组患者疗效、手术时间、出血量、并发症发生率、术后使用止痛药及住院时间进行比较.结果 腹腔镜组17例均治愈,治愈率100.0%;开腹组治愈22例,死亡2例(肺部感染1例,MSOF 1例),治愈率91.7%.2组治愈率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).腹腔镜组术中出血量、住院时间、使用止痛药例数均低于开腹组(均P＜0.05);腹腔镜组发生感染3例(17.6%),开腹组发生感染12例(50.0%),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 老年胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔行腹腔镜修补术安全,且具有创伤小、术后并发症少、康复快、住院时间短等优点.     

采用一期手术治疗结肠穿孔的疗效观察

目的:探讨采用一期手术治疗结肠穿孔的疗效及安全性.方法:对30例采用一期手术治疗的结肠穿孔患者的临床资料进行数理分析.结果:28例(93%)效果良好,1例(外伤性结肠穿孔)在术后第6日出现结肠吻合口瘘,需再行穿孔部位双管结肠造口术;1例(外伤性结肠穿孔)术后第4日出现切口感染,经治疗后好转;结论:应用一期手术治疗结肠穿孔,只要病例选择得当,是安全可靠的.     

腹腔镜胃肠穿孔修补术治疗胃肠穿孔疗效观察

选取2010年3月~2014年4月我院收治的124例胃肠穿孔患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,对照组62例,采用传统开腹手术方法,观察组62例,采用腹腔镜手术方法,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果观察组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、手术后排气时间和住院时间均少于对照组患者,观察组并发症发生率明显低于对照组,均有统计学差异(P0.05)。腹腔镜胃肠穿孔修补术治疗胃肠穿孔具有切口小,术中出血量小、术后恢复时间短、住院时间短等优点,且更具安全性,值得推广。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.