冠心病患者半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C及同型半胱氨酸水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的探讨冠心病患者半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。方法根据冠状动脉造影结果将研究对象分为冠心病组(268例)和非冠心病组(268例),统计冠心病组患者病变累及支数,并按冠状动脉狭窄程度计算Gensini积分。分别测定并比较两组血清Hcy、Cys C等生化指标结果,分析Cys C、Hcy水平与Gensini积分、病变支数的相关性。结果冠心病组Cys C、Hcy水平明显高于非冠心病组(P均0.01);Cys C、Hcy水平与Gensini积分呈正相关(r分别为0.245,0.232,P均0.01);多元逐步回归分析表明Cys C、Hcy对Gensini积分的影响有统计学意义(β=20.255,t=2.749,P0.05;β=0.327,t=2.093,P0.05);随着病变支数的增加,Cys C、Hcy水平与Gensini积分均增高(P0.05)。结论Cys C和Hcy水平增高在一定程度上可以反映冠状动脉病变的严重程度,可为临床开展危险分层与治疗提供参考。     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白水平与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的探讨冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法选择中山大学附属第三医院心内科1998年11月至2012年3月确诊为冠心病合并2型糖尿病的患者184例,根据Hb A1c水平分为三组:A组(n=70):Hb A1c≤7.0%;B组(n=37):7.0%0.05);(2)A组的Gensini积分中位数为57.75,B组为56.00,C组为46.00,对其取平方根转化为正态数据,进行方差分析,结果显示三组间Gensini积分无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者的Hb A1c水平与Gensini积分、冠状动脉病变支数、左主干病变、弥漫性病变、闭塞性病变无明显相关性。     

冠心病患者血浆人类软骨糖蛋白-39、同型半胱氨酸、高敏C反应蛋白水平的变化及其与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的探讨不同类型冠心病患者血浆人类软骨糖蛋白-39(YKL-40)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)的变化及其与冠状动脉斑块的稳定性、冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。方法依据临床表现、冠脉造影检查确定入选对象并分为4组:急性心肌梗死组(AMI)、不稳定型心绞痛组(UAP)、稳定型心绞痛组(SAP)和冠脉造影正常的患者为对照组。共99例。依据Gensini积分分为对照组、Gensini积分<30分组,30～60分组,≥60分组。采用酶联免疫法检测各组患者血浆YKL-40、Hcy、hsCRP水平,分析各组患者血浆YKL-40、Hcy、hsCRP水平的差异及其与Gensini积分相关性。结果与对照组相比,冠心病不同临床类型组血浆YKL-40、Hcy及hsCRP水平明显升高(P<0.01),血浆YKL-40、Hcy、hsCRP水平在AMI组、UAP组、SAP组依次降低;且随着Gensini积分升高,血浆YKL-40、Hcy及hsCRP水平逐渐升高(P<0.05),两者呈正相关。结论血浆YKL-40、Hcy、hsCRP水平与冠状动脉病变程度和动脉粥样硬化斑块的不稳定性相关,病变越重、斑块越不稳定,血浆YKL-40、Hcy、hsCRP水平越高。     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清 SPARC 水平与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的：探讨2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清中富含半胱氨酸的酸性分泌蛋白(SPARC)水平变化及与冠状动脉病变的关系。方法选取120例患者作为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测血清 SPARC 水平,应用 Gensini 积分评价冠状动脉病变程度。A 组为健康对照组40例,根据造影结果和1999年世界卫生组织(WHO)糖尿病诊断标准将患者分为 B、C、D 组：其中 B 组(单纯2型糖尿病组)40例、C 组(单纯冠心病组)40例、D 组(2型糖尿病合并冠心病组)40例。结果①B 组、C 组和 D 组血清 SPARC 水平高于 A 组(4.22±1.19)μg/L、(3.71±1.05)μg/L、(5.96±1.40)μg/L vs (3.60±0.40)μg/L(P 均<0.05),其中 D 组血清 SPARC 水平最高(P <0.05)。②血清 SPARC 水平、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1 c)是冠心病的影响因素。③D 组血清 SPARC 水平与 Gensini 积分呈正相关(r =0.770,P <0.05),C 组 SPARC 水平与 Gensini 积分无相关性(r =0.520,P >0.05)。④ Pearson 相关分析显示：甘油三酯(TG)、FINS、HOMA-IR 与 SPARC 呈显著正相关(r 分别为0.780、0.762、0.891,P 均<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清 SPARC 水平升高,并且与冠状动脉病变程度显著相关。     

老年冠心病患者内皮祖细胞CD34~+水平与冠状动脉病变程度相关分析

目的探讨老年冠心病患者不同冠脉病变程度与内皮祖细胞CD34~+相关性。方法 127例老年患者根据冠脉造影结果分为冠心病组91例和对照组36例。根据ACC/AHA冠脉病变形态分型将冠心病组患者分为A型、B型、C型病变组;根据SYNTAX积分将冠心病组患者分为低危组、中危组、高危组;根据Gensini积分将冠心病组患者分为低分组、中分组、高分组。比较冠心病组与对照组实验室各检查指标,并比较不同冠状动脉病变形态、不同SYNTAX积分及不同Gensini积分冠心病患者CD34~+水平。冠心病组血清CD34~+水平Gensini积分进行相关性分析。结果冠心病组CD34~+百分率明显低于对照组(P 0. 05)。冠脉病变形态分型中C型病变组CD34~+百分率低于A型病变组(P 0. 05),B型病变组CD34~+百分率与A型病变、C型病变组比较差异无统计学意义。SYNTAX积分中高危组CD34~+百分率低于低危组(P 0. 05),中危组CD34~+百分率与高危组、低危组比较差异无统计学意义。Gensini积分中高分组CD34~+百分率低于低分组(P 0. 05),中分组CD34~+百分率与高分组、低分组比较差异无统计学意义。相关分析结果显示,血清CD34~+百分率与老年冠心病患者Gensini积分呈负相关(r=-0. 378,P 0. 01)。结论老年冠心病患者CD34~+水平降低与冠脉病变支数及狭窄程度相关,检测外周血CD34~+水平可在一定程度上反映冠脉病变程度。     

血浆B型脑钠肽与冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度的相关性

目的探讨冠心病患者血浆B型脑钠肽(BNP)水平与其冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法 136例行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查者,CAG正常者30例作为对照组;冠心病患者106例,根据冠状动脉病变支数分1支、2支、3支病变组分别为38例、36例、32例;按冠状动脉病变类型分A型、B型、C型病变组分别为42例、36例、28例。分析BNP水平在冠状动脉病变不同支数组、不同类型冠状动脉病变组间的关系。结果随着冠状动脉病变支数的增加,BNP明显增高,三支病变组较单支、双支差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);随着冠状动脉病变类型严重程度的增加,BNP明显增高,BNP在冠状动脉病变正常组、A型、B型、C型病变组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),左心室舒张末期压力(LVEDP)在上述组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),直线相关回归分析表明BNP水平与Gensini积分存在明显正相关关系(r=0.463,P<0.01)。结论 BNP可反映冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的程度,其能较灵敏地反映左心室功能受损的血流动力学变化。     

血清标志物与冠心病患者动脉病变严重程度的关系

目的探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、脑钠肽(BNP)、半乳糖凝集素-3(Gal-3)与冠心病患者冠状动脉病变的严重程度关系。方法选取168例行冠状动脉造影的患者,根据结果分为冠心病组(至少1支冠状动脉狭窄大于或等于50%,n=88)和对照组(冠状动脉造影正常,n=80)。冠心病组根据Gensini积分四分位分为4个亚组:第1亚组(积分≤18.5,n=24),第2亚组(积分为18.5~≤45.0,n=28),第3亚组(积分为45.0~≤71.5,n=22),第4亚组(积分71.5,n=14)。检测各组研究对象的血浆Hcy、BNP、Gal-3水平,分析其对冠状动脉病变严重程度的影响。结果冠心病患者体质量(BMI)、吸烟史比例、高血压史比例、左心室射血分数(LEVF)、血浆Hcy、BNP、Gal-3水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。随Gensini评分增加,冠心病患者血浆Hcy、BNP、Gal-3水平增加,经Pearson相关分析Hcy、BNP、Gal-3水平与冠状动脉病变Gensini评分呈正相关(P0.05)。经Logistic多因素分析显示,高血压史、Hcy、BNP、Gal-3水平是影响冠心病的独立危险因素。结论血浆Hcy、BNP、Gal-3与冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度及病情进展密切相关,是影响冠心病的独立危险因素。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与冠状动脉病变关系的探讨

目的研究血浆同型半胱氨酸水平(Hcy)与冠心病的发生及其病变严重程度的关系。方法选取我院行冠状动脉造影检查的患者100例,将其分为冠心病组和对照组。冠心病组为70例经冠状动脉造影证实存在冠心病的患者,对照组为30例冠状动脉造影正常者。测定两组血浆Hcy水平,以Gensini积分系统对冠状动脉病变严重程度进行评估,并结合其他心血管危险因素进行统计学分析。结果冠心病组的血浆Hcy水平明显比对照组高(P<0.01)。Lo-gistic回归显示血浆Hcy是冠心病发生的独立危险因素。多支病变血浆Hcy水平高于单支病变水平(P<0.01)。结论血浆Hcy水平是冠心病的独立危险因素,且升高水平与冠脉病变严重程度相关。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者C-反应蛋白和内皮素的变化对临床护理的意义

目的 探讨不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)患者血浆C反应蛋白(CRP)和内皮素(ET)水平及护理措施.方法 依照CRP和ET是否升高,将130例患者分为二者均升高(A组)、二者之一升高(B组)、二者均不升高(C组)3组,并对三组进行必要的护理干预,采用Gensini积分定量分析各组冠脉病变程度.结果 A组双支和三支冠脉病变比例较B组和C组高,三组冠脉病变、Gensini评分差异均有显著意义(P＜0.05).结论 护理人员利用CRP水平预测UAP患者冠状动脉病变程度,可以提高对病情危险程度的评估及实施针对护理措施的预见性,降低恶性心脏事件的发生.     

血清组织蛋白酶S、胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变严重程度相关性的研究——附107例报告

目的:探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者血清组织蛋白酶S(cathepsin S,CatS)及胱抑素C水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系.方法:对155例疑诊心绞痛患者进行冠状动脉造影(coronary angiography,CAG),根据GAG结果分为冠心病组(107例)及对照组(48例),测定所有入选者的空腹血清CatS、胱抑素C水平,采用Gensini积分对冠状动脉病变程度进行评价并分析它们之间的关系.结果:冠心病组血清CatS、胱抑素C水平较对照组高(P＜0.01),前者上升幅度更大,血清CatS水平与Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.69,P＜0.01),Logistic回归分析剔除年龄、性别、收缩压、血清总胆固醇等因素后,此相关性仍存在(r=0.71,P＜0.01).结论:冠心痛患者的血清CatS、胱抑素C的水平增高,且CatS与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度密切相关,说明CatS及胱抑素C可能参与细胞外基质重塑的过程.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.