探讨粪便血红蛋白和转铁蛋白联合检测对肠癌诊断的临床价值

目的 探讨粪便血红蛋白和转铁蛋白联合检测对肠癌的诊断和疗效观察的临床价值.方法 同时检测150例健康者及150例肠癌患者粪便血红蛋白和转铁蛋白.结果 150例健康者血红蛋白阳性率为1.3%.转铁蛋白阳性率为1.3%,二者同时检测阳性率为1.3%.150例肠癌患者血红蛋白阳性率为82.0%,转铁蛋白阳性率为80.7%,二者同时检测阳性率为93.3%.结论 同时检测粪便血红蛋白和转铁蛋白能大大提高肠癌的检出率,可作为肠癌筛查试验,并对治疗效果能提供更有意义的参考价值.     

三种粪便隐血试验的临床应用评价

目的探讨粪便隐血试验匹拉米洞化学法、血红蛋白免疫法和转铁蛋白免疫法的临床应用价值。方法对95例随机粪便样本和40例上消化道出血患者的黑色柏油便分别使用匹拉米洞化学法、血红蛋白免疫法和转铁蛋白免疫法检测并对结果进行比较。结果随机粪便样本隐血试验阳性率匹拉米洞化学法为41.1%,血红蛋白免疫法为8.4%,转铁蛋白免疫法为17.9%,三种方法检测有显著性差异(P<0.05)。40例黑色柏油便隐血试验匹拉米洞化学法阳性率100%,血红蛋白免疫法阳性率87.5%,转铁蛋白免疫法阳性率97.5%。结论血红蛋白免疫法和转铁蛋白免疫法特异性均高于匹拉米洞化学法,假阴性率低;匹拉米洞化学法假阳性率高,特异性差;三种方法结合使用可提高检测的准确性。     

三种检测方法在胃液隐血试验中的临床应用评价

目的探讨并评价转铁蛋白法、血红蛋白胶体金法、化学法测定胃内容物隐血的临床应用价值。方法随机对103例患者胃液同步使用检测转铁蛋白(TF)法、血红蛋白胶体金法和化学法进行检测。以内窥镜检测为金标准,探讨三种方法的灵敏度及特异度。结果化学法灵敏度(阳性率)为35.9%,特异度为36.0%;血红蛋白胶体金法灵敏度(阳性率)为41.0%,特异度为72.0%;转铁蛋白法灵敏度(阳性率)为52.7%,特异度为76.0%,转铁蛋白法优于化学法和血红蛋白胶体金法,差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.466,P<0.05;χ2=9.346,P<0.05)。转铁蛋白法和血红蛋白胶体金法联合应用灵敏度(阳性率)为62.8%,特异度为84.0%。结论检测胃液隐血时转铁蛋白法优于化学法和血红蛋白胶体金法,联合应用转铁蛋白法和血红蛋白胶体金法检测更符合临床诊断,是筛检胃内容物隐血更理想的新方法,值得推广。     

社区大肠癌筛查结果及危险因素分析

目的了解本地区社区大肠癌筛查疾病情况,并探讨其危险因素。方法采用问卷调查、初步潜血试验筛查和肠镜镜检的方式,在社区中开展大肠癌筛查,并进行统计学分析。结果本次筛查有效筛查者3 212人,阳性率27.37%。其中100例患者接受了进一步肠镜筛查,肠镜结果:大肠癌4例(4%),大肠炎性病变14例(14%),大肠息肉性病变44例(44%),其他15例(15%),无异常者23例(23%);性别、吸烟、上腹不适、精神刺激史等因素与粪便潜血阳性呈正相关(P0.05);年龄与性别是大肠癌致病的危险因素(P0.01)。结论本地区社区居民粪便潜血阳性率较高,性别和年龄是大肠癌发生的重要危险因素。     

粪便SEPT-9和miRNA-34b/c基因甲基化检测在大肠肿瘤筛查中的临床应用

目的 评估检测大肠肿瘤患者粪便中SEPT-9和微RNA（miRNA）-34b/c基因甲基化对大肠肿瘤筛查的临床性能。方法 采用病例对照研究方法,使用甲基化敏感性高分辨率熔解曲线法检测大肠肿瘤患者（大肠癌组35例、大肠腺瘤组47例）和正常对照人群（正常对照组52名）粪便中SEPT-9和miRNA-34b/c基因是否存在甲基化,来评估其筛查大肠肿瘤的性能。结果 大肠癌组SEPT-9和miRNA-34b/c基因的甲基化阳性率分别为68.6%、71.4%,大肠腺瘤组分别为57.4%、63.8%,正常对照组分别为9.6%、11.5%。3组的SEPT-9、miRNA-34b/c基因甲基化阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义（²_SEPT-9 = 37.185,²_miRNA-34b/c = 40.040,P均< 0.001）,利用Bonferroni法进行两两比较,大肠癌组和大肠腺瘤组的甲基化阳性率比较差异无统计学意义,两者与正常对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.001）。3组联合检测SEPT-9和miRNA-34b/c基因的甲基化阳性率为88.6%、76.6%、13.5%,大肠癌组和大肠腺瘤组联合检测的甲基化阳性率均高于SEPT-9单基因检测和miRNA-34b/c单基因检测（P均< 0.05）。结论 检测粪便中SEPT-9和miRNA-34b/c基因甲基化具有效好的大肠肿瘤筛查性能,或许可作为大规模人群筛查大肠肿瘤新的生物标志物组合;多基因甲基化联合检测筛查的性能优于单基因。     

匹拉米洞法与抗人血红蛋白抗体法检测粪便隐血试验结果比较分析

目的 比较匹拉米洞法(化学法)与抗人血红蛋白抗体法(免疫法)检测不同疾病组患者粪便隐血试验的结果.方法 化学法与免疫法同时检测150例粪便样本,其中腹泻组60例、肠炎组21例、上消化道出血组20例、肠癌组9例,正常对照组40名.结果 不同疾病组化学法阳性率均高于免疫法,化学法阳性66例(44.00%),免疫法阳性55例(36.67%),差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两法结果 一致占86.00%,不一致占14.00%.结论 粪便隐血检测首选免疫法,对结果 与粪便性状或临床诊断不符的样本,应对照化学法检测结果 做出判断.     

粪便血红蛋白、转铁蛋白联合检测在恶性肿瘤患者并发消化道出血筛查中的意义

目的探讨粪便隐血试验血红蛋白(Hb)试验和转铁蛋白(TF)试验联合检测粪便隐血在恶性肿瘤患者伴发消化道出血筛查中的意义。方法收集肿瘤科住院患者的粪便标本363例以及健康对照者的粪便标本100例,受试者标本均采用血红蛋白胶体金诊断试纸和转铁蛋白胶体金诊断试纸两种检测方法进行粪便隐血检测。结果肿瘤患者血红蛋白隐血试验、转铁蛋白试验单项检测的阳性检出率均低于联合试验的检出率,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);肿瘤患者血红蛋白隐血试验、转铁蛋白试验单项检测及联合检测的阳性检出率均高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);消化道肿瘤患者血红蛋白隐血试验、转铁蛋白试验单项检测及联合检测的阳性检出率均高于非消化道肿瘤患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论粪便转铁蛋白检测在消化道出血中有较高的检出率,血红蛋白和转铁蛋白联合检测可以起到互补作用,对提高恶性肿瘤患者伴发消化道出血的检出率具有重要的临床应用价值。     

转铁蛋白联合血红蛋白检测粪便潜血的分析

目的研究血红蛋白(Hb)和转铁蛋白(Tf)联合在检测粪便潜血中的意义。方法统计连续10d733例住院患者(其中消化科189例)的粪便潜血结果,分别统计血红蛋白和转铁蛋单阳性及血红蛋白和转铁蛋白双阳性的标本例数,对阳性和阴性结果进行分析。结果血红蛋白单阳性率8.59%,转铁蛋白单阳性率17.59%,血红蛋白和转铁蛋白双阳性率7.5%,总阳性率18.14%。结论转铁蛋白检测粪便潜血检出率明显高于血红蛋白检出率,血红蛋白联合转铁蛋白检测粪便潜血能够提高粪便潜血的阳性检出率。     

4种粪便隐血检测方法的临床应用探讨

目的评价改良匹拉米洞法(化学法)、胶体金法(单克隆法)、胶体金法和化学法联合检测法(双联半定量法)、血红蛋白和转铁蛋白联合检测法(联合免疫法)检测粪便隐血的临床应用价值。方法采集消化道疾病或非消化道疾病的住院患者的粪便标本218例,分别用改良匹拉米洞法、胶体金法、双联半定量法、联合免疫法进行检测。结果 218例标本中改良匹拉米洞法阳性率最高,为56.0%;其次是联合免疫法和双联半定量法,阳性率分别为48.2%和47.2%;单克隆法阳性率为42.2%。结论同时检测粪便中的转铁蛋白和血红蛋白可以更为准确地测定粪便中隐血,能尽可能排除化学法的假阳性及单独检测转铁蛋白和血红蛋白的假阴性,值得推广。     

酸碱对免疫胶体金双联法检测呕吐物转铁蛋白及血红蛋白结果的影响

目的探讨酸碱对免疫胶体金双联法检测呕吐物转铁蛋白及血红蛋白阳性率的影响。方法 107例疑诊胃出血患者,采集其非重复性呕吐物标本,应用免疫胶体金双联法检测转铁蛋白及血红蛋白;然后依据pH值将标本分为pH≥2.0组74份和pH2.0组33份,pH2.0组应用质量分数5%氢氧化钠调节pH至7.0,pH≥2.0组标本二等分后1份滴加冰醋酸、1份应用质量分数5%氢氧化钠调节pH至7.0,再次采用免疫胶体金双联法检测转铁蛋白及血红蛋白,记录血红蛋白、转铁蛋白检测阳性率。结果呕吐物血红蛋白检测阳性率(28.97%)低于转铁蛋白(38.32%)(P0.05);调节呕吐物pH值至7.0后,血红蛋白、转铁蛋白检测阳性率(33.64%、40.19%)与调节pH前比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);pH≥2.0组滴加冰醋酸后血红蛋白检测阳性率(45.95%)高于调节pH前(29.73%)(P0.05),转铁蛋白检测阳性率(39.19%)与调节pH前(36.49%)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);pH2.0组调节pH值至7.0后血红蛋白、转铁蛋白检测阳性率(33.33%、45.45%)与调节pH前(27.27%、42.42%)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论免疫胶体金双联法对呕吐物转铁蛋白具有较高的检测阳性率,与血红蛋白联合检测可降低胃蛋白酶等破坏血红蛋白引起的假阴性结果,适量滴加冰醋酸可提高pH≥2.0呕吐物血红蛋白检测阳性率。     

现代残疾康复理念、政策与社区康复体系研究

本研究分析了当代残疾康复的理念和理论架构,构建了以国际公约、决议和政策、国内法律和政策以及操作性工具3个层次的康复理论体系;运用包容性发展,分析探讨了当代社区康复的体系和特点;就发展康复事业、为残疾人提供全面系统的康复服务提出相关的政策建议。     

国内外唇腭裂专科护理发展现状的文献研究及分析

目的了解和分析国内唇腭裂专科护理工作发展的现状。方法检索并分析万方医学网、中国知网、Springer Link及PubMed英文数据库近6年有关唇腭裂手术的围术期护理、患儿的喂养、手术安全管理、围术期疼痛研究以及心理护理的相关文献。结果共检索出国内文献89篇(核心期刊20篇)、国外文献22篇,其中围术期护理38篇、患儿的喂养16篇、手术安全管理10篇、围术期疼痛研究10篇、心理护理15篇。结论与国外文献相比,国内论文总结和回顾性居多,应增加研究探讨性论文,从而促进唇腭裂临床护理工作专科化的发展。     

城乡学童个性行为特征调查

目的探讨农村与城市儿童的个性行为特征。方法将97名农村学龄儿童设为农村组,97名城市学龄儿童设为城市组,采用艾森克个性问卷一儿童版和Achenbach’s 行为量表一儿童版进行评定分析。结果两组学龄儿童艾森克个性问卷各维度评分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）,且与全国常模相一致（P均〉0．05）;农村组男学童Achenbach’s行为量表违纪行为、攻击行为及外向型因子分均显著高于城市组,女学童退缩、社交问题因子分均显著高于城市组（P〈0．05或0．01）,其他因子分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）。结论农村与城市儿童个性无显著差异,而农村儿童存在较多的行为问题,可能与其所受教养和生活方式有关。     

我院文职护士管理和培训的实践与体会

目的构建文职护士培训、使用及管理的科学方法。方法通过规范管理、科学施训、作为骨干大胆任用等多种管理方式,使文职护士得到充分的发展。结果文职护士群体成长为医院优秀骨干,首批满3年的文职护士顺利通过续聘考核。结论科学的管理培训是文职护士成长的重要基石,对医院护理管理有着重要作用。     

Comparison of short-term and long-term protocols for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA of Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Plasmodium

Molecular tools continue to be important in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases. However, using these techniques directly in the field remains a major challenge. Therefore, the preservation of clinical samples collected from endemic field areas for later analysis remains an important preanalytical process. This study aimed at identifying a suitable protocol for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA in bioclinical specimens for Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium research. Both spiked and unspiked blood samples were preserved in 7 protocols (different media; storage temperatures). Samples were evaluated for possible degradation of DNA and RNA along the storage duration up to the 10th week. Nucleic acid targets were assessed as follows: (i) Trypanosoma and Plasmodium RNA analysis was done using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (RT-NASBA) for 18S rRNA and for stage-specific Pfs25 mRNA, respectively; (ii) Trypanosoma DNA assessment analysis was conducted by using a conventional PCR for 18S rDNA; (iii) Leishmania RNA analysis was performed with a quantitative NASBA for 18S rRNA and Leishmania DNA assessment with an RT-PCR for 18S rDNA. Findings suggested that a newly developed L3™ buffer proved to be reliable and suitable for both short- and long-term preservation of parasite nucleic acid material. This buffer is envisaged to be suitable for utilization in field situations where resources are limited.     

History of violence and subjective health of mother and child

Objective: To study the self-reported prevalence of experienced violence among a cohort of women about two years after giving birth, their health during pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes and their experience of their child’s health.

Setting and subjects: In 2011, a total of 657 women participated in phase III of the Childbirth and Health Cohort Study in Icelandic Primary Health Care, 18 to 24 months after delivery. The women had previously participated in phase I around pregnancy week 16 and phase II 5–6 months after delivery. Data were collected by postal questionnaires.

Main outcome measures: Women’s reported history of experienced violence, sociodemographic and obstetric background, self-perceived health, the use of medications and their child’s perceived health.

Results: In phase III, 16% of women reported experiencing violence. These women felt less support from their current partner (p?p?p?p?p?p?=?0.008).

Conclusions: Our study confirms that a history of violence is common among women. A history of violence is associated with various maternal health problems during and after pregnancy, a higher rate of caesarean sections and maternal reports of health problems in their child 18–24 months after birth.

• KEY POINTS

• Violence is a major concern worldwide. Understanding the impact of violence on human health and developing effective preventive measures are important elements of any public health agenda.

• ??The reported prevalence of experiencing violence was 16% among women attending antenatal care in the primary health care setting in Iceland.

• ??Women with a history of violence reported worse health in general during pregnancy and delivered more often by caesarean section, compared to women with no such history.

• ??Mothers with a history of violence also evaluated the general health of their child as worse than women with no such history.

• ??The findings of this study support the importance of recognizing and addressing experienced violence among women in primary care.

     

Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention

In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.     

通用设计原则与产品研发策略

本文介绍了通用设计的概念和设计原则,并阐述了根据此原则实施通用设计的产品研发策略。通用设计惠及的不仅是残疾人,也惠及了包括普通公众在内的广泛人群,以及企业。应将通用设计的原理应融入政府相关政策和未来发展的规划中,为残疾人以及更多人群提供合理便利的通用设计产品。     

Prevalence and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and effect of vitamin supplementation.

OBJECTIVE: Although nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the most common medical condition during pregnancy, there are many unanswered questions regarding its cause, epidemiologic features and optimal management. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in a sample of Canadian women, to characterize the distribution of their severity and to investigate the role of vitamin B6 deficiency in their etiology. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Antenatal counselling service for pregnant women. PATIENTS: Three cohorts of women: a prospective, population-based cohort of 193 women, to estimate the rate and severity of nausea and vomiting (cohort A); a cohort of 555 women who sought advice for nausea with or without vomiting, to study the correlation between the maximal daily number of episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss (cohort B); and a prospective cohort of 301 women who reported vomiting, to correlate vitamin supplementation with vomiting (cohort C). INTERVENTIONS: All 3 cohorts were interviewed during the counselling session, and cohort B was followed up prospectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of nausea and vomiting, weight loss, maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting, rate of multivitamin supplementation. RESULTS: Overall, 67% of the women in cohort A reported experiencing nausea or vomiting, or both; 22% reported vomiting, and 9% experienced weight loss. In cohort B there was a significant correlation between the maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss, although there was wide variation (r2 = 0.25, p < 0.001). There was a highly significant correlation between the number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss (r2 = 0.99). In cohort C, vomiting was significantly associated with lack of supplementation with multivitamins before 6 weeks' gestation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The relation between number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss may serve as a clinical tool to assess the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the success of anti-emetics and rehydration regimens. Further study is needed to elucidate the biologic basis of the observed association between vomiting and lack of multivitamin supplementation in early pregnancy.     

胃癌DNA含量与E-cad、EGFR表达的关系及其意义

目的　探讨胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR表达的关系 ,评价其在浸润、转移潜能及预后判断中的作用。方法　应用图像分析仪及SP免疫组化法检测 30例正常胃黏膜上皮、30例不典型增生和 5 0例胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR蛋白表达情况。结果　①正常胃黏膜上皮、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌组的DI、PI、S %、>5c %逐渐增高 ,与胃癌分期、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。②E cad在正常胃黏膜上皮阳性表达率 10 0 % ,EGFR呈阴性表达 ;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌E cad阳性表达率逐渐降低 ,EGFR的阳性表达率逐渐升高 ,且差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;E cad表达减弱、EGFR表达升高与胃癌分化差、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。③E cad表达阴性的胃癌DNA指数及EGFR表达水平显著高于E cad阳性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　检测DNA含量及E cad、EGFR蛋白表达有助于胃癌的早期诊断及转移潜能和预后的判断。