尖海龙的化学成分研究

从尖海龙中分得18个化合物，16个为首次从该动物中分得，其中11个为甾体化合物，cholestane－3，6－dione、cholesta－4－ene－3β，6β-diol系首次分得的天然产物。2－hydroxy－4－methyoxyacetophenone为首次从动物药中分得的天然产物。     

蒲公英三萜类化学成分的研究

从华蒲公英Taraxacumsinicum的石油醚提取物中分得2个三萜类化合物。经理化常数和波谱分析分别鉴定为伪蒲公英甾醇棕榈酸酯和伪蒲公英甾醇乙酸酯。均为首次从该种植物中分得，其中伪蒲公英甾醇棕榈酸酯为首次从蒲公英属植物中分得。     

野菊花中正二十八烷醇的分离和鉴定

从野菊花的氯仿提取部分分得一单体,经波谱分析鉴定为正二十八烷醇。它具有多种生理活性,系首次从本植物中分得。     

燕麦中的黄酮木脂素类化合物

作者从燕麦Arena sativa L．中分得一新的黄酮木脂素，并首次从该植物中分得2个已知该类化合物。     

三角草化学成分研究

从三角草中分得3个单体化合物,经鉴定分别为棕榈酸(Ⅰ)、豆甾烯醇(Ⅱ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅲ).这三个化合物均系首次从该植物中分得.     

四川寄生与灰毛寄生黄酮成分的研究

四川寄生为常用中药桑寄生主流品种之一,从叶中分得三种黄色结晶,理化鉴定及光谱分析证明为槲皮甙,广寄生甙及槲皮素。从其变种——灰毛寄生叶中分得相同的黄酮化合物。     

日本厚朴叶中阿朴啡类生物碱的抗血小板凝集活性

从日本厚朴Magnolia obovata Thunberg叶中分得5个具血小板凝集抑制活性的阿朴啡生物碱:N-乙酰番荔枝碱(1)、N-乙酰基木番荔枝碱(2)、N-甲酰番荔枝碱(3)、鹅掌楸碱(4)和毛叶含笑碱(5)。化合物2和3首次从该属植物中分得,化合物5首次从该植物分得。     

中药茅莓化学成分的研究

从茅莓根中分得2个结晶,根据光谱和化学反应,分别鉴定为niga-ichigosideF₁和sauvissimosideR,均为首次在该植物中分得。     

贯叶连翘两个黄酮的分离与鉴定

对贯叶连翘丙酮提取部位的成分进行分离、鉴定,从该部位分得两个化合物,经光谱和理化鉴定,分别为金丝桃甙和山柰酚-3-O-β-D-半乳糖,后者为首次从该植物中分得。     

竹灵消的化学成分研究(Ⅲ)

从竹灵消Cynanchuminamoenum的根中分得2个化合物，通过光谱分析和化学反应分别鉴定为白薇甙C（晶Ⅶ）和白薇甙E（晶Ⅷ），它们均系首次从该植物中分得。     

显脉獐牙菜化学成分研究

 目的研究显脉獐牙菜[Swertia nervosa(G.Don)Wall.]化学成分。方法利用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶和制备高效液相色谱技术分离化学成分,UV、IR、NMR、MS波谱技术鉴定化合物结构。结果得到8个化合物,分别是獐牙菜苦苷(Ⅰ),龙胆苦苷(Ⅱ),norswertianolin(Ⅲ),swertianolin(Ⅳ),1,7-二羟基-3,8-二甲氧基酮(Ⅴ)、1,8-二羟基-3,7-二甲氧基酮(Ⅵ)、1,5,8-三羟基-3,4-二甲氧基酮(Ⅶ)、1,3,8-三羟基-5-甲氧基酮(Ⅷ)。结论化合物Ⅱ~Ⅷ均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

三种香茶菜药材紫外光谱的除趋势对应分析

目的：了解香茶菜属不同产地，同一种不同的器官在紫外光谱上的差异情况，明确基于紫外光谱的除趋势对应分析在药材比较上的应用前景，测定了香茶菜属中的香茶菜Isodon amethystoides、显脉香茶菜I.nervosa和大萼香茶菜I.macrocalyx不同产地和器官15个样品的紫外光谱，以波数－吸光度为指标，以紫外光谱为对象，应用除趋势对应分析(Detrended Corrspondence Analysis,简称DCA）比较15个样品在紫外光谱上的差异程度。结果：（1）来自不同产地的香茶菜，其紫外光谱图有较大的差异，（2）来自同一产地的同批大萼香茶菜（或显脉香茶菜）样品，它们紫外光谱图非常接近；（3）大萼香茶菜和显脉香茶菜与香茶菜的紫外光谱差异不很大；（4）3种香茶菜的茎和叶的紫外光谱差异明显，表明不同地理源的香茶菜属植物，它们的药效会有较大差异，在香茶菜属植物入药时，应该注意区分茎和叶药效上的差异，大萼香茶菜，显脉香茶菜可以考虑作为香茶菜的代用品，结论：基于紫外光谱的DCA在反映不同的样品植物化学组成差异程度上具有应用价值。     

威灵仙和显脉旋复花挥发油成分的研究和比较

用GC-MS-DS联用的方法,分析了威灵仙和显脉旋复花的化学成分,显脉旋复花挥发油中主要成分为百里香酚和异丁酸百里香酯;威灵仙挥发油中主要成分为棕榈酸和3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛。     

藏药脉花党参化学成分的研究

 目的 研究了脉花党参的化学成分。方法 采用体积分数95%乙醇提取制备总浸膏,利用各种色谱分离其成分,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据对其结构进行鉴定。结果 分离并鉴定了12个化合物,分别为蒲公英萜醇乙酸酯(1,蒲公英萜酮(2,蒲公英萜醇(3,亚油酸(4,咖啡酸(5,3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸甲酯(6,3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸丁酯(7,1、3-二亚油酸甘油酯(8,5、7、3′、5′-四羟基黄酮-7-O-β -D-葡萄糖苷(9,木犀草素(10,3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸(11和党参炔苷(12。结论 所有化合物均首次从该植物中分离得到,为今后该药物的研究奠定了基础。     

Antimicrobial activity of Micromeria nervosa from the Palestinian area

Organic and aqueous solvent extracts and fractions of Micromeria nervosa (Desf.) Benth. (Labiatae) were investigated for antimicrobial activities on several microorganisms including bacteria and yeast. The different extracts differed significantly in their antimicrobial activities with the ethanolic extract being most active, followed by ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts. The least active extract was the aqueous. No significant difference between the different test microorganisms in their susceptibility to different extracts, with Candida albicans being the most susceptible to ethanolic extract giving 1.5 times the effect of nystatin. One of the main active ingredients of M. nervosa was isolated and identified as carvacrol. No significant difference in antimicrobial activity was found between carvacrol and its isomer thymol. The most susceptible test microorganism was Proteus vulgaris to carvacrol, and P. vulgaris and C. albicans to thymol. The least susceptible bacterium to both fractions was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentrations (MBC or MFC) were determined for both compounds.     

Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.): Receptor profiling of lysergic acid amide and other potential psychedelic LSD-like compounds by computational and binding assay approaches

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The convolvulacea Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) is well known as an important medical plant in the traditional Ayurvedic system of medicine and it is used in numerous diseases (e.g. nervousness, bronchitis, tuberculosis, arthritis, and diabetes). Additionally, in the Indian state of Assam and in other regions Argyreia nervosa is part of the traditional tribal medicine (e.g. the Santali people, the Lodhas, and others). In the western hemisphere, Argyreia nervosa has been brought in attention as so called “legal high”. In this context, the seeds are used as source of the psychoactive ergotalkaloid lysergic acid amide (LSA), which is considered as the main active ingredient.

Aim of the study

As the chemical structure of LSA is very similar to that of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), the seeds of Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) are often considered as natural substitute of LSD. In the present study, LSA and LSD have been compared concerning their potential pharmacological profiles based on the receptor binding affinities since our recent human study with four volunteers on p.o. application of Argyreia nervosa seeds has led to some ambiguous effects.

Material and methods

In an initial step computer-aided in silico prediction models on receptor binding were employed to screen for serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, muscarine, and histamine receptor subtypes as potential targets for LSA. In addition, this screening was extended to accompany ergotalkaloids of Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.). In a verification step, selected LSA screening results were confirmed by in vitro binding assays with some extensions to LSD.

Results

In the in silico model LSA exhibited the highest affinity with a pK_i of about 8.0 at α_1A, and α_1B. Clear affinity with pK_i>7 was predicted for 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_1B, 5-HT_1D, 5-HT₆, 5-HT₇, and D₂. From these receptors the 5-HT_1D subtype exhibited the highest pK_i with 7.98 in the prediction model. From the other ergotalkaloids, agroclavine and festuclavine also seemed to be highly affine to the 5-HT_1D-receptor with pK_i>8. In general, the ergotalkaloids of Argyreia nervosa seem to prefer serotonin and dopamine receptors (pK_i>7). However, with exception of ergometrine/ergometrinine only for 5-HT_3A, and histamine H₂ and H₄ no affinities were predicted.Compared to LSD, LSA exhibited lower binding affinities in the in vitro binding assays for all tested receptor subtypes. However, with a pK_i of 7.99, 7.56, and 7.21 a clear affinity for 5-HT_1A, 5-HT₂, and α₂ could be demonstrated. For DA receptor subtypes and the α₁-receptor the pK_i ranged from 6.05 to 6.85.

Conclusion

Since the psychedelic activity of LSA in the recent human study was weak and although LSA from Argyreia nervosa is often considered as natural exchange for LSD, LSA should not be regarded as LSD-like psychedelic drug. However, vegetative side effects and psychotropic effects may be triggered by serotonin or dopamine receptor subtypes.     

基于红外光谱结合化学计量学的青叶胆及其近缘种亲缘关系研究

目的 傅里叶变换红外光谱（fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR）结合化学计量学分析青叶胆及其同属近缘种的亲缘关系,为青叶胆药用植物资源的开发利用提供理论依据。方法 采集青叶胆及近缘种共39份样品的红外光谱信息,对光谱数据进行自动基线校正、自动平滑、纵坐标归一化、二阶求导等预处理,结合化学计量学分析光谱数据。结果 青叶胆及其近缘种红外光谱主要吸收区域为900~400、1 310~900、1 500~1 310、1 800~1 500、2 800~3 000、3 000~3 500 cm^-1附近。二阶导数图谱在400~1 000 cm^-1指纹区吸收峰差异明显,物种之间吸收峰的峰数、峰强、峰形差异较大。对预处理后的红外光谱数据进行主成分分析（PCA）以及偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）发现,6种獐牙菜的PCA分析优于PLS-DA分析,系统聚类分析表明青叶胆与圈纹獐牙菜、显脉獐牙菜亲缘关系较近。结论 FTIR结合化学计量学方法,能够快速鉴别不同种类獐牙菜属植物,明确青叶胆及其近缘种之间的亲缘关系,为獐牙菜属植物亲缘关系研究提供一种快速、有效的方法。     

滇白珠地上部分化学成分研究

目的 :研究滇白珠地上部分的化学成分。方法 :质谱、核磁等鉴定结构。结果 :从 95 %乙醇提取物的氯仿淬取相中获得 4个化合物 ,正三十二烷酸及同系物 (1) ,熊果酸 (2 ) ,香草酸 (3)和槲皮苷 (4 )。结论 :化合物 1,4为首次从该植物中得到 ,化合物2和3为首次从地上部分得到。     

丛柳珊瑚的化学成分研究

 目的 研究我国南海丛柳珊瑚(Paraplexaura sp.)的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱和反相半制备HPLC等方法分离化合物,根据波谱数据和理化常数确定其结构。结果 从南海丛柳珊瑚中分离得到9个化合物,鉴定为：胆甾-4-烯-3β,6β-二醇(1)、24-亚甲基胆甾-5-烯-3-羟基-7-酮(2)、神经酰胺(E)-N-2-(1,3-二羟基-4-十八烯基)-十六酰胺(3)、胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷(4)、尿嘧啶核苷(5)、咖啡因(6)、氨茶碱(7)、胸腺嘧啶(8)、鲨肝醇(9)。结论 化合物2~8均为首次从该种属珊瑚中分离得到,其中6、7在植物中较为常见,从丛珊瑚中分离得到尚属首次。     

藤香树茎藤的化学成分

 目的 研究藤香树Schisandra propinqua (Wall.) Baill var. intermidia A.C.Smith的化学成分。方法 应用多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化常数测定和光谱数据分析鉴定其结构。结果 得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为3（R）,4（R）-环氧-5（R）-羟基-1-环己烯-1-羧酸（1）、n-丁基-β-D-吡喃果糖苷（2）、（+）-儿茶素（3）、3′,5′,7-三羟基双氢黄酮（4）、刺槐双氢黄酮（5）、双氢刺槐亭（6）、刺槐亭（7）、2′,3,4,5,5′,7-六羟基双氢查尔酮（8）、紫铆查尔酮（9）、山嵛酸-α-单甘油酯（10）、三十烷酸（11）、胡萝卜苷（12）、5α,8α-表二氧麦角甾-3β-醇（13）、南五内酯（14）、β-谷甾醇（15）。结论 除化合物14外,其余14个化合物均为首次从藤香树中获得。