一期切除吻合术治疗左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻临床疗效观察（附46例报告）

目的 探讨左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻行一期切除吻合术的安全性及其临床应用.方法 对46例左半结肠癌并梗阻患者行一期肠切除肠吻合术,术中进行有效的结肠减压及清洁灌洗,术后观察疗效.结果 有31例患者左半结肠恶性梗阻患者经保守治疗肠梗阻缓解改限期手术行一期肠切除吻合术,其余15例患者一般情况较好,经全结肠灌洗后一期肠切除吻合术,所有手术均顺利完成,术后并发切口感染8例（17.4％）,吻合口漏4例（8.7％）,经保守治疗痊愈.结论 左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者行一期肿瘤切除吻合术是安全有效的.     

结直肠肿瘤并急性肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的探讨结直肠癌并急性肠梗阻围手术期的处理方法。方法回顾性分析2006年6月至2011年6月收治的97例结直肠肿瘤致急性肠梗阻患者的临床资料。结果 97例均经手术治疗。右半结肠癌伴梗阻32例,其中30例行右半结肠一期切除,无吻合口漏发生,另2例癌肿不能切除行捷径手术;一期左半结肠切除肠吻合术15例,术后发生吻合口漏1例;Hartmann手术13例,术后恢复顺利,造口排便通畅,3～6个月后均进行了顺利关瘘手术;直肠癌Dixon手术27例,低位直肠癌行Miles术10例;行单纯肠造口6例。死亡1例。术后最常见的并发症为切口感染与肺部感染。结论对于结直肠癌并急性发肠梗阻,应根据患者的具体情况决定手术时机及手术方式,左半结肠癌合并肠梗阻可考虑一期切除吻合,但要注意吻合口漏。做好围手术期的处理是减少并发症、降低病死率的关键。     

结直肠癌伴急性肠梗阻的术式选择

目的探讨结直肠癌伴急性肠梗阻的外科处理方法。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2008年6月手术治疗的结直肠癌伴急性肠梗阻31例的临床资料。结果31例均经手术治疗。右半结肠癌伴梗阻13例,其中12例行右半结肠一期切除,无吻合口漏发生,另1例癌肿不能切除行捷径手术;横结肠切除一期吻合2例;一期左半结肠切除肠吻合术7例,术后发生吻合口漏1例,其中2例乙状结肠癌伴梗阻行金属内支架置入,解除梗阻后3周行一期肿瘤切除肠吻合;Hartmann手术5例,术后恢复顺利,造口排便通畅,3～6个月后均进行了顺利关瘘手术;肿瘤无法切除行单纯结肠造口4例。结论重视围手术的处理,根据急性梗阻性结直肠癌病人全身情况和局部条件合理选择手术方式。     

急性左半结肠梗阻一期切除吻合术中肠减压术式探讨

目的　探讨急性左半结肠一期切除吻合术中肠减压方法 ,以便提高手术的安全性。方法　回顾性分析急性左半结肠梗阻一期吻合术中所用“手术台上灌洗法”16例和“经切除肠段减压法”9例两种肠减压术。结果2 5例均未发生吻合口漏 ,创口一期愈合。结论　对病程短 ,肠梗阻程度较轻者两种减压法均可使用 ,且以“经切除肠段减压法”为佳 ;反之 ,以“手术台上灌洗法”较为安全     

肠镜与腹腔镜联合治疗急性恶性左半结肠梗阻2例报告

对于癌造成的急性左半结肠梗阻，传统的治疗方法是急诊手术行姑息性癌肿切除、近段结肠造口和远端结肠关闭，该治疗方法既无法达到根治癌肿目的，又需要2～3个月后二次手术关闭造瘘口。2006年9月，我院成功为2例大肠癌伴急性梗阻进行了“双镜”治疗：先通过肠镜技术将肠减压导管或金属支架置人大肠梗阻近段，经过充分的减压引流及肠道准备后，再行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治一期吻合术，现报道如下。     

经肛肠梗阻导管治疗急性左半结肠恶性梗阻性疾病的临床研究

目的评价经肛门置入的肠梗阻导管在急性左半结肠恶性梗阻治疗中的作用。方法2004年12月～2006年6月，11例急性左半结肠恶性梗阻在结肠镜和x线辅助下经肛门将肠梗阻导管置入梗阻部位的近端肠管进行减压，观察症状缓解情况、腹围、腹腔内压力、立卧位腹平片等的变化，评定其减压效果。结果经3—5天肠梗阻导管减压，11例急性肠梗阻症状均缓解，其中7例可切除的乙状结肠癌／直肠癌均限期行腹腔镜／开腹一期切除和吻合，术后随访1—18个月，中位数11个月，未见吻合口漏等并发症。结论经肛门肠梗阻导管用于治疗急性左半结肠恶性梗阻安全有效。     

左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻一期切除23例分析(摘要)

1987年1月至1996年12月收治左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻23例,其中18例行一期肿瘤切除吻合术,术中全部行结肠减压灌洗,无吻合口瘘,另5例行一期肿瘤切除,2~3周后再行结肠端端吻合术,1例并发吻合口瘘,经及时处理后痊愈出院。认为左半结肠癌所致的急性肠梗阻的病人,只要选择好手术适应证,术中肠道减压灌洗,吻合断端的良好血运及无张力,减压肛管,腹腔引流管,围手术期加强营养支持及抗感染的应用是预防和及时处理吻合口瘘的关键。如术中发现不能行一期吻合的,也尽量先将肿瘤一期切除,以免失去手术机会。     

左半结肠和直肠癌并急性肠梗阻的一期切除吻合治疗

目的 探讨左半结肠和直肠癌并急性梗阻的外科治疗方法.方法 对28例左半结肠和直肠癌并急性肠梗阻患者经术中减压灌洗后,行一期切除吻合术.结果 28例均完伞治愈,无腹腔脓肿、吻合口瘘及死亡等严重并发症发生.结论 对左半结肠和直肠癌并急性肠梗阻患者,经术中合理减压和灌洗,一期切除吻合是安全可行的.     

结直肠癌性肠梗阻术前经肛门置肠梗阻导管的临床研究

为探讨结直肠癌性肠梗阻患者术前经肛门置肠梗阻导管的应用价值,对2008年3月至2013年3月我院收治的70岁以下且未合并严重慢性病的60例结直肠癌性肠梗阻患者,于内镜引导下经肛门放置肠梗阻导管,引流肠内容物并行肠道准备,拟行一期结直肠癌切除肠管吻合术。结果显示,60例患者中,58例肠梗阻导管放置成功,另2例因肿瘤处肠腔过度狭窄,且位于肠管弯曲处,导管无法通过而致治疗失败。成功放置肠梗阻导管的58例患者经4～5d治疗肠梗阻完全缓解,再经2～3d肠道准备拟行一期结直肠癌根治肠管吻合术,术中发现2例患者肠道准备欠佳,遂行预防性肠造口,其中1例术后发生吻合口漏,经保守治疗治愈,其他患者一期手术成功,术后未发生并发症。结果表明,结直肠癌性肠梗阻患者术前经肛门置肠梗阻导管可解除肠梗阻,为一期手术治疗创造条件,避免或减少患者二次手术机会,减轻患者痛苦及经济负担,具有较高的应用价值。     

一期切除术在急性大肠梗阻中的应用

作者报告了手术治疗急性大肠梗阻２８３例，其中结直肠癌引起的梗阻２５５例，良性病变引起的梗阻２８例。行一期切除术２０１例，其中行一期切除近端结肠造口二期肠造口闭合术４４例，一期切除吻合术１５７例。行分期手术５２例。术后生存率一期切除术优于分期手术。作者认为：（１）左侧结直肠癌梗阻情况允许时应尽量争取一期切除术，条件许可时行一期吻合术，如不能吻合则行近端结肠造口二期肠造口闭合术，一期切除吻合加保护性横结肠造口术不宜采用；（２）术中结肠灌洗对左侧结肠梗阻一期切除吻合具有重要意义；（３）结肠次全切除术适合于横结肠左侧至降结肠部位的梗阻。     

One-stage treatment of obstructing colorectal cancer

Large bowel obstruction is due to colorectal carcinoma in 90% of cases. The optimal management of obstructing left colonic carcinoma is still a controversial matter. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the indications for one-stage treatment of obstructing colorectal cancer. Over the period from January 1998 to June 2001, 17 patients were operated on in our department for obstructing colorectal cancer. Twelve patients underwent a one-stage emergency operation by immediate anastomosis without diversion, while five patients were managed palliatively. We performed resection and primary anastomosis following intraoperative irrigation in obstructing sigmoid cancer lacking colonic wall lesions, while subtotal colectomy was carried out in cases of massively distended colon with ischaemic lesions and in patients with good anal continence. Colostomy treatment was indicated only in high-risk patients with unresectable lesions. The authors believe that, in cases of obstructing left colorectal cancer, an experienced, skilled surgeon can perform one-stage resection and anastomosis on patients in good general condition. On the other hand, a defunctioning colostomy may be ideal for surgeons with little experience in colorectal surgery and in patients with a very poor prognosis.     

急性肿瘤性结肠梗阻的治疗

目的:探讨急性肿瘤性结直肠梗阻的外科处理原则和方法。方法:回顾性分析103例急性肿瘤性结肠梗阻患者的临床资料。结果:全部患者经手术治疗，包括急诊手术80例，其中右半结肠癌25例均行一期切除吻合手术，左半结肠癌45例中一期切除吻合37例，直肠癌10例，均行急诊手术。择期性手术23例。术后发生吻合口瘘3例，肺部感染2例，盆腔感染1例，死亡1例，余均治愈出院。 结论:对于急性肿瘤性结肠梗阻除非有急诊手术指征，应首先采用非手术治疗1～3d，尽可能转为择期性手术；只要恰当掌握适应证，一期肿瘤切除吻合术是比较安全的；对于腹腔污染严重、肠壁穿孔，也应尽可能采用一期切除肿瘤。     

Comparison of one-stage resection and anastomosis of acute complete obstruction of left and right colon

BACKGROUND: Although acute obstruction of the right colon is usually handled by primary anastomosis following resection, many surgeons are reluctant to offer one-stage resection and anastomosis to patients with obstructive lesions of the left colon. The aim of the study is to compare the immediate result of one-stage resection and anastomosis for patients with acute complete obstruction of the right colon versus left colon. METHODS: From January 1986 to December 2003, 214 cases of acute colonic obstruction were managed with one-stage resection and anastomosis by a single surgeon. Eighty patients were operated on for obstructive lesions of the right colon, 71 of them for carcinoma of the colon. Operative mortality was 10% (8/80); all except 2 patients died of respiratory failure. There were 2 cases (2.5%) of anastomotic leakage. One hundred thirty-four patients were operated on for obstructive lesions of the left colon, 127 of them for carcinomas of the colon and rectum. Operative mortality was 1.5% (2/134); both patients died of metastasis from the colorectal cancer following surgery. There were 3 cases (2.3%) of anastomotic leakage. CONCLUSION: This experience suggests that an anastomosis can be performed as safely in patients with acute obstruction of the left colon as in those with acute obstruction of the right colon. Mortality following resection and anastomosis is actually lower in left than right colonic obstruction. Neither intraoperative irrigation nor routine subtotal colectomy was found to be necessary in patients with acute colonic obstruction. Intraoperative decompression should be considered in left and also right colonic obstruction prior to the anastomosis following colonic resection.     

生长抑素联合经肛肠梗阻导管在远端结肠恶性肠梗阻老年病人中的应用

目的评价生长抑素联合经肛肠梗阻减压导管在远端结肠恶性肠梗阻治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾分析2010年9月至2016年11月经手术治疗的57例急性完全性远端结肠恶性梗阻老年病人(年龄均≥70岁),2013年以来济宁市第一人民医院采用经肛肠梗阻导管治疗部分肠梗阻病人,31例经生长抑素持续静脉泵入及经肛置入肠梗阻导管综合治疗4~10 d,平均(5.6±1.2)d,后行腹腔镜或剖腹探查;26例经生长抑素持续静脉泵入治疗后行手术治疗。结果 31例经生长抑素及经肛置入肠梗阻导管综合治疗的病人术前腹痛及腹胀症状均得以缓解;与入院时腹围(100%)相比,术前腹围明显缩小,为(81±2.3)%(P=0.001);综合治疗后3 d行腹部CT检查,测量近端结肠最大横径为(2.8±0.3)cm,明显小于治疗前的(6.2±0.5)cm(P=0.001);31例病人均行手术治疗,其中18例病人行腹腔镜探查手术,11例完成根治手术并行一期吻合(腹腔镜下完成7例),20例行肿瘤切除并近端结肠造口术,术后病人均无严重并发症。26例经生长抑素持续静脉泵入治疗病人中,仅5例行一期吻合,无一例在腹腔镜下完成,术后1例出现肠瘘并发症。结论生长抑素联合经肛肠梗阻导管治疗对急性远端大肠恶性肠梗阻的老年病人安全有效,有较高的腹腔镜手术完成率及一期吻合成功率,降低了围手术期风险,避免了二次手术,减轻了病人的经济负担。     

左半结肠直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合的临床分析

目的探讨对左侧大肠癌并急性肠梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合术的治疗效果。方法严格掌握手术适应证和手术时机,术中彻底清洁灌肠,对30例左侧大肠癌并急性肠梗阻患者采用Ⅰ期切除吻合术,对患者的临床治疗进行回顾性分析。结果 30例患者均顺利完成手术,术后无1例发生切口感染和吻合口瘘。结论对于左侧大肠癌并急性肠梗阻患者,只要严格掌握手术适应证和手术时机,术中彻底清洁灌肠及重视围手术期处理,掌握手术方式及进行围手术期的操作,I期切除吻合完全可行,并有良好疗效。     

大肠癌致急性肠梗阻的诊断和治疗

目的探讨大肠癌致急性肠梗阻的诊断、围手术期处理及手术方式。方法对1998年1月至2008年10月手术治疗的37例大肠癌致急性肠梗阻病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果大肠癌致急性肠梗阻的术前确诊率为78．4％（29／37）。术前应用抗生素,术中灌洗减压,行一期切除吻合术29例;近端结肠造瘘、关闭远端结肠或直肠备作二期吻合4例;肿瘤无法切除行结肠造瘘4例。术后并发症发生率为16．2％。随访统计1年、5年生存率分别为87．1％和35．7％。结论及时诊断。合理地选择手术方式,加强围手术期的处理是降低术后并发症的关键。     

经肛肠梗阻导管在左半结直肠肿瘤切除中的应用

目的：探讨腹腔镜联合经肛肠梗阻导管在左半结直肠肿瘤急性梗阻中的治疗价值。方法：将126例左半结直肠肿瘤急性梗阻病例随机分为2组,治疗组应用经肛肠梗阻导管行梗阻近段结肠减压、灌洗等治疗后,行腹腔镜手术并一期切除吻合;对照组按常规准备后手术治疗。结果：术后吻合口瘘发生率治疗组（1.6%）低于对照组（11.1%）,治疗组住院时间、总住院费用和术后第7 d血清白蛋白水平与对照组比较有显著性差异（P＜0.01）。结论：腹腔镜联合肠梗阻导管置入冲洗减压,在左半结直肠肿瘤急性梗阻中的应用安全、有效。     

经肛肠梗阻导管联合腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠恶性梗阻

目的 评价经肛肠梗阻减压导管联合腹腔镜手术在结直肠恶性梗阻治疗中的应用价值.方法 2007年3月至2010年10月37例急性完全性结直肠恶性梗阻患者经肛置入肠梗阻导管至梗阻近端肠管,冲洗引流4～10 d后行腹腔镜探查并一期切除吻合.结果 37例患者中34例成功置入导管,导管引流时间为4～10 d,平均(5.8±1.6)d.置入肠梗阻导管后(3.8±1.3)d(1～7 d)患者腹痛、腹胀症状消失.与入院时腹围(92 4±7)cm相比,手术时腹围(84±6)cm,明显缩小(P=0.013).其中31例患者减压后完成腹腔镜一期根治切除吻合,术后患者恢复顺利,无严重并发症.结论 经肛型肠梗阻减压导管联合腹腔镜手术治疗急性结直肠梗阻安全、有效,可将急诊手术转为限期手术,在适当的肠道准备后腹腔镜下根治手术并一期吻合是可行的.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transanal drainage tube followed by laparoscopic surgery in management of malignant colorectal obstruction. Methods From March 2007 to October 2010, 37 patients with colorectal cancer manifesting acute complete mechanical obstruction were treated by ileus tube drainage. After irrigation and drainage ranging from 4 to 10 days, the radical operations and anastomosis were performed by laparoscopy. Results The drainage tubes were successfully implanted in 34 patients. The decompression time of patients was (5. 8 ±1.6) d, ranging from 4 to 10 d. The abdominal pain and bloating symptoms were faded away after (3. 8 ±1.3) d (1 to 7 d) drainage. And comparing to that of patients when admission, abdominal circumference significantly reduced from ( 92 ± 7 ) cm to (84 ±6)cm(P =0. 013) before surgery. Thirty-one cases were performed radical resection and anastomosis by laparoscopy after decompression. Postoperative recovery was smooth, and there was no serious complication. Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery followed decompression by transanal ileus tube is effective and safe for acute lower colorectal obstruction. Emergency surgery may be converted to limit surgery by this method. After appropriate bowel preparation, laparoscopic radical surgery and anastomosis is feasible.